CBRN Defense Awareness V2.0 Complete Questions and Answers
This article will provide you with all the questions and answers for CBRN Defense Awareness V2.0
In which mopp level would you wear the cpo protective mask, gloves, overboots, field gear, and personal body armor
- MOPP Level 4
Which term provides guidance by indicating safe distances to avoid exposure due to chemical vapor hazards from contaminated resources?
- CCOR
Clear access routes into and out of chemical zones used to avoid contamination are called?
- zone transition points
When should you replace your cpo if it becomes wet through the inner lining with any of these materials such as petroleum, oil, hydraulic fluid, body fluids, (urine and feces), and many common insect repellents?
- replace as soon as your mission allows
As part of your GCE you will be issued protective foot covers. The footwear covers are designed to ____.
-Protect your feet and ankles from contamination
What can blister agents do to rubber gloves?
-reduce the protection time provided by the gloves.
Which one is used to decontaminate your equipment?
-M295 kit
Which one has the ability to destroy entire cities and impair electronic communication systems?
-Nuclear weapon detonations
Which one describes the standard hazard markings for biological hazards?
-right isosceles triangle with a blue background and red lettering.
What should you do when issued your CPO?
- Leave items in the factory bag.
What should you do if an attack begins without warning?
- Drop to the ground, don protective mask (if not donned already) and clench buttocks tightly
Which one is an example of active use of M8 paper?
- Dipping a sheet of m8 paper into the liquid
When you are ready to wear your CPO, where should you mark or place your personal identification?
- on the CPO coat and hood
How should you remove your GCE if it is contaminated?
- go to a contamination control area to remove the GCE
What alarm condition indicates the attach is over and cbrn contamination, uxo, and other hazards are suspected or present?
- Alarm Black
If you become contaminated with chemical agents, decontaminate by processing through the CCA within ___ of contact?
- 24 hours
CCOR guidelines are designed to help you avoid chemical agent vapor hazards from chemically contaminated resources?
- True
GCE protective gloves consist of two pieces, the outer rubber gloves and ____?
- inner glove liners
Which one has adhesive coating that is protected by a strip of brown, waxed paper?
- m9 paper
M8 and m9 paper emit toxic fumes when burned?
-true
How long should it take for you to don your protective mask and ensure the seal is airtight?
-9 seconds
How should you remove our GCE if it is contaminated?
-Go to a contamination control area to remove the GCE
Although the m50 mask is not effective in confined spaces, in cbrn enviroments, the mask will protect your ____?
- face, eyes, and respiratory tract from chemical and biological warfare agents and radioactive dust particles
Which hone has the ability to destroy entire cities and impair electronic communication systems?
- nuclear weapon detonations
The waterproofing bag in the m50 mask carrier is a resealable plastic bag that is used for which purpose?
- to protect the mask from moisture and wet conditions
How long during alarm red should you remain in your current position and under cover?
- Until directed otherwise
When donning the protective mask, expel the air from your lings before performing which step action?
- Perform negative pressure check
In doffing the M50 mask, which step is performed first?
- Remove headgear
In donning your cpo hood, which step comes first?
- pull the hood over the mask
Who decides to implement split MOPP?
- Installation Commander
Which type of device includes any point source that emits radiation without actively dispensing radioactive material across an area?
- RED
During the decontamination process, in a CCA you will____ your contaminated equipment.
- remove
Which type of nuclear burst occurs above 100,000 feet surface level?
- High Altitude
The chemical protective coat and trousers when worn together are call the ____
- CPO
Which type of chemical agent, when released can cause casualties for more than 24 hours to several days or weeks?
- Persistent
U.S. policy bans research, development, production, stockpiling, and acquiring of biological agents or toxins for hostile purposes.
- True
Preparedness actions to counter CBRN attacks at your installation are dependent upon the____
- threat probabilities
Which type of report is submitted by the observer upon encountering enemy activity, to higher headquarters, through the most secure means?
-SALUTE
Used decontamination kits (skin and equipment kits) are considered contaminated waste.
- True
What can be done to make M9 paper easy to remove?
- Make a pull tab on the end
The M50 mask carrier is worn on the left side of the body
- True
Which of the following are pathogens
- All of the above
Which one is a priority for immediate decontamination from CBRN contamination?
- Exposed skin
What should you do if your GCE rubber boots become contaminated with gasoline, oil, grease or cleaning fluids?
- Wipe off the boots and air-dry within two minutes to prevent deterioration.
Which one is used to detect and identify the presence of liquid chemical agents?
- M8 paper
When should you remove your CPO after it becomes contaminated?
- Within 24 hours of contamination
Which alarm condition indicates an attack by air or missile is imminent or in progress?
- Alarm red
What should you do upon issue of your protective mask?
- clean and inspect your protective mask IAW with the M60 mask T.O. and as directed
Why are vital resources, equipment, and assets covered or stored under cover prior to a CBRN attack?
- To protect them against CBRN contamination
The CBRN attack actions include preparedness, recover, and ____
- Response
The best ways to protect against the effects of exposure to _____ are by the time, distance, and shielding
- Radiation
The M50 mask has components that allow you to do which of the following while wearing the mask?
- Communicate and consume liquids
What should you do if the M8 paper indicates positive results?
- Treat it as contaminated and report the results
Which method may be used to deliver biological warfare agents?
- Insect vectors
Attach M9 paper to your protective clothing near the wrists, ankles, and ____
- Both biceps
Which one shields your face, eyes, and respiratory tract from chemical and biological warfare agents and radioactive dust particles?
- Protective mask
The wavering tone warning signal alerts the base of
- air attacks
Which one is used to make the identification label for your CPO
- M9 paper or olive drab tape
Each M295 kit consists of a wallet containing four individual decon packets. What does each packet contain?
- A decon miss filled with decon powder
Which type of nuclear burst occurs under 100,000 feet but the fireball doesn’t contact the earth’s surface?
- Air Burst
The GCE consists of the protective gloves footwear covers m8 and m9 chemical detection paper the m295 decontamination and the____
- CPO
Which part of the GCE is normally donned first?
- CPO trousers
The CBRN hazard marker for a chemical hazard is a ____
- Right isosceles triangle with a yellow background and red lettering
Short-term storage for the protective mask is when it is stowed for less than 30 days with the head harness pulled back and the straps tucked inside of the mask
- False
Protective actions such as obtaining immunizations and taking preventative medications as well as maintaining a fit and healthy lifestyle are individual protective actions generally for which type of hazard?
- Biological
Which methods are used to deliver chemical warfare agents?
- Theater Ballistic Missiles (TBM)
Which alarm condition indicates the attack is over and CBRN contamination, UXO, and other hazards are suspected or present?
- Alarm Black
A tactic used to divide an installation or operating location into two or more CBRN zones is called____
- Split MOPP
Question: Which one is olive drab and chemically treated to change color when it comes in contact with liquid nerve or blister agents?
Answer: M9 paper
Question: Which M50 mask accessory should be used if storing the mask for more than 30 days?
Answer: Faceform
Question: The M50 mask is not an authorized respiration device for use during industrial chemical spills and may not provide protection.
Answer: True
CBRN Awareness
DOT Classes
Explosives
Gases
Flammable liquids
Flammabke solids
Oxides and organic peroxides
Toxins
Radioactive
Corrossives
Class 1
Explosives
Divisions of class 1
1. Mass explosive
2. Projection hazard
3. Fire hazard
4. Minor blast
5. Very insensitive
6. Extremely insensitive
Class 2
1. Flammable gas
2. Non flammable non poisonous gas
3. Poisonous gas
Class 3
Flammable liquids
Class 4
1. Flammable solids
2. Spontaneously combustable
3. Dangerous when wet
Class 5
1. Oxidizer - supports combustion
2. Organic peroxide !!!7 types!!! - unstable and reactive
Class 6
1. Poisonous other than gas - arsenic, tear gas
2. Infectious - anthrax, rabies, hepatitis
Class 7
Radioactive
Class 8
Corrosives
Class 9
Miscellaneous
Discomfort to a flight crew
Other regulated material - small ammo, nail polish
Awareness level personnel should be able to
Recognize
Protect
Call
Secure
7 indications of HAZMAT
Occupancy type, location, pre incident survey
Container shape
Placards and markings
Other markings and color
Written sources
Senses
Monitoring and detection devices
Pressure container
Rounded ends
Bolted manways
Pressure relief devices
Protective housings
Cryogenic containers
Refrigerated gas
Below -130 F
Low pressure containers
Oval or horseshoe shape
Flat or less round ends
Fittings on top
Spillway
Pipeline details
Owner
Number
Product
Radioactive material containers
Excepted
Industrial - low
Type A
Type B - higher. Big dumbbell
Type C - most dangerous. Rarely used.
Orange stop sign
Class 1 division 1
Detonation hazard
Orange X
Class 1 div 2
Fragmentation hazard
Orange triangle
Class 1 div 3
Mass fire hazard
Orange diamond
Class 1 div 4
Moderate fire hazard
Yellow man in suit
Harassing agent
White man in suit
White phosphorous
Red man in suit
Highly toxic
NFPA 704 Red Diamond
flammability
NFPA 704 blue
Health 0-4 Minimal,Slight,Moderate, Serious, Severe
NFPA 704 White Diamond
Special hazards
W - reacts with water
Ox - oxidizer
NFPA 704 Yellow Diamond
reactivity
ERG yellow pages
ID by UN/NA #
ERG white section
General info
ERG blue pages
ID product by name
ERG Orange Section
Lists response guidelines related to Potential Hazards, Public Safety, and Emergency Response.
ERG green pages
Initial isolation
Water reactive materials
Non pressure tank car
60-100 psi
4-45,000 gal
Also known as low pressure
Pressure tank car
100-600 psi
4-45,000 gal
Single man way on top
Protective housing for gauges
Cryogenic tank car
25 psi or lower
-130 F
White
Tank within a tank
IM-101
25.4-100 psi
Not more than 6,300 gal
IM-102
14.5-25.4 psi
Whiskey and wine
Pressure intermodal tank
5,500 gal
100-500 psi
Pressure plates
Round ends
Pill
Cryogenic intermodal
IMO Type 7
25 or less psi
-130
Tube modules
3,000-5,000 psi
Bunch of tubes together
Dry bulk cargo tanks
No more than 80 psi
Hopper trailer
V shaped
Non pressure liquid cargo tank
406
Greater than 3 no more than 5 psi
10,000 gal
Spill rail entire length
Oval
Outlets on bottom
Low pressure cargo tank
407
2,000-7,000 gal
18 psi
Flammable combustable liquids
Horseshoe shape
Ribs
Corrosive cargo tank
412
5,000-6,000 gal
35-50 psi
Black tar on it for spills
High pressure cargo tank
331 pills are fun
2,500-11,500 gal
100-500 psi
Round ends
Pill shape
Compressed gas tube trailer
3,000-5000 psi
Cryogenic cargo tank
338 refrigerate
5,000-14,000 gal
23.5-500 psi
Tank within tank
Dished ends
Control panel with doors
White
Cone roof tank
0-0.5 psig
Sloped roof
Weak seems
Floating roof w geodesic dome
50,000-1,000,000 gals
0-0.5 psig
Flam and comb liq
Non press
Floating roof w open floating roof
50,000-1,000,000 gals
0-0.5 psig
Ladder on roof
Roof floats
Non press
Lifter roof tank
0-0.5 psig
Covered floating roof
Vents at top
Non press
Vapor dome tank
8,500 gal
0-0.5 psig
Molasses and fertilizers
Titty roof
Non pressure
Horizontal tank
Non pressure
300-20,000 gal
Bull fuel storage
Noded Spheroid
0.5-15 psig
2&3
LPG, methane, light gases
Pressure
Spheroid
3,000,000 gals
0.5-15 psig
2&3
LPG METHANE
Pressure
Sphere
600,000 gals
0.5-15 psig
2
Flam and non flam
Pressure
Pressure vessel
500-40,000 gals
15 psig
2
Flam and non flam gas
Cryogenic large container
500-20,000 gals
Varying pressure over 300 psi
2.2
Bags
Up to 100 lbs
Can carry anything really
Carboy
No more than 20 lbs
6&8
Acids
Glass or plastic in a protective cover
Cylinders
No more than 1000lbs of water
1-2,000 lbs
Oxygen cylinders
Drums
55 gals typically
Open or closed head
3,4,5,6,8&9
Dewar flask
Cryo liquids
Vacuum
Yeti
Cryogenic cylinder
Capacity Varys
Look like a keg
Flexible container
Super sack
Bull bags
500-5,000 lbs
Large woven fabric bag with fill and discharge ports
Rigid container
300-500 gal
Plastic tank with metal supports
Ton container
One ton/2,000lbs of chlorine
500-2,000 psi
3x8'
Fusible plugs
158-165
Y cylinder
Ton container
150-500 psi
Rad storage methods
Excepted
Industrial
Type A
B
C
EPA Number
Manufacturer
Product
Sub registration number
Types of stresses
Thermal
mechanical
Chemical
Types of breaches
disintegration
run-away cracking
closures opening up
punctures
splits/tears
Types of releases
Detonation
Violent rupture
Rapid relief
Spills and leaks
Taco Bell
Dispersion patterns
Hemisphere
Plume
Cone
Cloud
Stream
Pool
Irregular
Hemisphere
Stays on the ground
Cloud
Rises straight up off ground
Plume
Wind or topography influence it
Cone
Triangle shape with wider down range
Irregular
No definitive shape
Someone walked through it
CBRN Hazardous Materials Awareness Training
CWA
Clean Water Act
RCRA
Response Conservation and Recovery Act
Hazardous Waste
CERCLA
Comprehensive Environmental response, Compensation and Liability Act of !980
Superfund
SARA
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
right-to-know
OSHA
Ocupational Health and Safety Act
1970
safety officer
NFPA 472
Responders
NFPA 473
EMS
AWARENESS LEVEL PERSONNEL SHALL BE TRAINED TO MEET ALL COMPETENCIES OF NFPA 472 CHAPTER 4
Department of Transportion (DOT), Enivornmental Protection Agency(EPA), and Occupational Health and Safety Act(OSHA)
ERG
Emergeny Response Guidebook
Hazardous Materials
People, the Enivornment, and Property
9 hazard classes
Hazardous Substances
above a certain amount
Extremely Hazardous Substances
released above the thressholdreporting quantity
Toxic Chemicals
must be reported annually by owners and operators of certain facilities that manufacture, process, or otherwise use a listed toxic chemical
Hazardous Waste
RCRA
Hazardous Chemicals
risk to employees if they were exposed in the workplace
Dangerous Goods
Canada/United Nations
Highly Hazardous Chemicals
possess toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive properties
WMD
Weapons of Mass Destruction
destructive device
any weapon
Class 1
Explosives
Class 1 Division 1
Mass Explosion Hazard
Class 1 Division 1 EX:
Dynamite
Class 1 Division 2
Projection Hazard
Class 1 Division 2 EX:
Detonation cord
Class 1 Division 3
Fire hazard
Class 1 Division 3 EX:
liquid-fueled rocket motors
Class 1 Division 4
Minor explostion Hazard
Class 1 Division 4 EX:
range is excepted
practice ammunition
Class 1 Division 5
Very Insensitive
Class 1 Division 5 EX:
Prilled ammonium nitrate devices
Class 1 Division 6
Extremely Insensitive
Class 1 Division 6 EX:
Squib
Class 2
Gases
BLEVE
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion
Class 2 Division 1
Flammable gas
Class 2 Division 1 EX:
Propane
Class2 Division 2
Nonflammable
Class 2 Division 2 EX
crygenic gas
Class 3 Division 3
Poisonous Gases
Class 3 Division 3 EX:
Chlorine
Class 3
Flammable and Combustible
Flammable liquid
not more than 140 degresses F
Combustible Liquid
above 140 degresses F
Class 4
Flammable and Combustible Solids
Class 4 Dividion 1
Flammable Solids
Class 4 Division 1 EX:
Magnesium
Class 4 Division 2
Spontaneously Combustible Material
Class 4 Division 2 EX:
Pyrophic Materials within five minutes
BBQ(charcoal)
Class 4 Division 3
Dangerous when wet
Class 4 Division 3 EX:
MRE(Magnesium powder)
Class 5
Oxidizers
Class 5 Division 1
Oxidizer
Class 5 Division 1 EX:
ammonium nitrate
Class 5 Division 2
Organic Peroxide
Class 5 Division 2 EX:
organic compound
organic radicals
Type A
forbidden
Type B
can
Type C
cannot
Type D
confinement
Class 6
Poison
Class 6 Division 1
Poisonous Materials
Class 6 Division 1 EX:
venom
tear gas
Class 6 Division 2
Infectious Substance
Class 6 Division 6 EX:
Ebola
Anthrax
Class 7
Radiactive
Class 8
Corrosive
Class 8 EX:
Sulfric acid
Class 9
Miscellaneous
Class 9 EX:
Molten sulfur
ORM-D
Other Regulated Materials
ORM-D EX:
Form, Quantity, and Packaging
Nail Polish
Pre-Incident Plans
seek assistance from the facility manager
Radioactive Containers
protective overpacks or casks
RC Type A
Wooden boxexs or Steel drums
RC Type B
30ft drop and thremal immersion tests
Casks
Pressurized Products
Cylinders
High Pressure Cargo Tanks
331
typically white and filled with propane
Pressure Rail Car
has a single protective housing and transports liquefied gas
High Pressure Tube Trailer
Stainless steeel cylinders, permanently mountedon a semi-trailer
holds compressed gas
Tube Module
Permanently mounted inside an open frame(box-like)
Cryogenic Containers
tank-within-a-tank
Cryogenic Liquid Cargo Tank
338
Fitting is located on the rear of tank
Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car
Fitting is located on the middle side of the tank
Corrosive Materials
small quantities are carried in carboys
Carboys
glass or plastic
Carboys protective boxes
wooden or polystyrene(styrofoam)
Corrosive Liquid Cargo Tank
412/312
like a rib cage on the side
has overturn protection
Flammable Liquids
drums and jerricans
5 gallons- 55 gallons
Non-Pressure Liquid Cargo Tank
406/306
multiply compartments and has more than one fitting
Non-Pressure Cars
More than 1 non-pressure
more than 1 visible fitting
Dru Bulk Cargo Tank
V shape
flat or rounded sides
flat or angular ends
WMD Class 1 Division 1
Mass Dentotation Hazard
WMD Class1 Division 2
Fragmentation Hazard
WMD Class 1 Division 3
Mass Fire Hazard
WMD Class 1 Division 4
Moderate Fire Hazard
Special Warnings "RED"
Highly Toxic
Special Warnings "YELLOW"
Harassing Agents
Special Warnings "WHITE"
White Phosphorous Munitions
Military Marking system
Apply no water
Military Marking System
Wear Protective Breathing Apparatus
Pipeline Markers
Product, Ownership, and Emerency telephone number
Container Marking
Actual name material stenciled on the container
NFPA 704 System
it does not provide you with the name of the material
SDS
Safety Data Sheet
SDS Sections
16 Sections
Physical and Chemical properties
Section 9
Shipping Paper
Proper Shipping Name, Hazard Class and Division, Product Identification Number, UN/NA Identification Number, Standard Transport Comonidy Code(STCC), CAS(Chemical Abstract Service) Number, Packing groups
CAS
Chemicals "social security number"
Shipping Papers/Person Responisble
Highway, Rail, Water, Air
Highway
Bill of Lading
Driver
Cab of vehicle
Rail
Way bill
Conductor/Engineer
Water
Dangerous Cargo Manifest
Captain
Wheelhouse
Air
Air bill
Pilot
Cockpit
Clues and Limitations of Identofying Hazardous Materials/WMD using the Senses
Sight, Sound, Order
Serious Limitations
Close enough to smell- Risk of injury/death
Close enough to see- Risk of injury
Touching- My cause injury
Taste- Not recommended
Targets and indicators of criminal or terrorist activities
Public assembly, Public buildings, mass transit systems, places with high economic impact, military instatutions, airports, industral facilities
Chemical Agent Attack
Minutes to hours
Biological indicators
days to weeks
colorless and ordorless
Evacuation
normally the best option if time is available
remove threatened people from the danger area
In-place Protection
remain inside away from doors and windows and shutting down air system
TEAMCPRP
Thermal, Etiologic, Asphyxiation, Mechanical, Corrosive, Poisonous, Radiation, Psychological Harm
Section 113 CBRN Defense Fundamentals
What does the Biological Contamination marker look like?
Blue background with red lettering.
BIO.
What is the M-40 field protective mask?
Is designed to protect the wearer from field concentrations of chemical and biological agents.
What does the M-40 Mask consist of?
Face blank,
Filter canister,
Dual voice assemblies,
Inlet and outlet valves,
Water drinking system.
What does the Radiological Contamination marker look like?
White background with black lettering.
ATOM.
What does the Chemical Minefield Contamination marker look like?
Red background with yellow lettering and a stripe.
GAS MINES.
What is the vocal alarm for a CBRN attack?
Gas-Gas-Gas!!!
What is the visual alarm for a CBRN attack?
Bend your arms behind your head.
What is the percussion alarm for a CBRN attack?
Metal on metal.
What is the first step in donning and clearing a gas mask?
Stop breathing and close mouth and eyes.
Do not take one last breath.
What is the second step in donning and clearing a gas mask?
Place the rifle between your legs.
Remove head gear and place it on the weapon.
Remove glasses if you are wearing them.
What is the third step in donning and clearing a gas mask?
Remove the mask from its carrier.
What is the fourth step in donning and clearing a gas mask?
Allow the hood to hang down in front of the mask.
What is the fifth step in donning and clearing a gas mask?
Put your chin in the chin pocket of the face piece.
What is the sixth step in donning and clearing a gas mask?
Clear the field protective mask by covering the outlet valve with the palm of one hand.
How do you clear a gas mask?
Cover the outlet valve, with the palm of one hand,
Exhale sharply so the air escapes around the edges of the face piece,
Cover the air inlet port of the canister with the palm of your free hand, and then breathe in,
The face piece should collapse against your face and remain there while holding your breathe.
If the face piece collapses consider it what?
Consider it airtight.
If the face piece does not collapse?
Check for hair, clothing, or other interference between the face piece and your face,
Repeat steps to clear the mask until there is an airtight seal.
What is the seventh step in donning and clearing a gas mask?
Pull the head harness over your head.
What is the eighth step in donning and clearing your gas mask?
Hold the face mask with one hand and tighten the straps with the other.
How long should it take to don, clear and seal a gas mask?
9 seconds.
What does MOPP stand for?
Mission Oriented Protective Posture.
What led to the concept of MOPP?
The need to balance protection with the threat, temperature, and urgency of the mission led to the concept of MOPP.
How many levels of MOPP are there?
6 levels.
Who can raise or lower MOPP levels?
Commanders.
Commanders also have a mask only option.
Protection increases with each level of MOPP, but what decreases?
Efficiency,
The MOPP gear that doesn't cause mission degradation is put on first.
The MOPP gear that effects mission degradation is put on when?
Last.
What is "MOPP Ready?"
When a Marine carries his or her protective mask.
What is MOPP level 0?
Is the condition that exists when a Marine has all of their MOPP gear available but not wearing it.
What is MOPP level 1?
Overgarment is worn, open or closed.
What is MOPP level 2?
Overgarment is worn, open or closed,
Booties worn.
What is MOPP level 3?
Overgarment is worn, open or closed,
Booties worn,
Mask worn, open or closed.
What is MOPP level 4?
Overgarment is worn,
Booties worn,
Mask worn,
Gloves worn.
What is the M8 and M9 detector paper used for?
Detecting contamination.
How long does it take for M8 and M9 paper to detect contaminates?
Seconds, where the M256A1 will take 15 minutes.
What is the disadvantages of the M8 and M9 paper?
Inability to test for vapor hazards and the limited number of agents detected.
How many rolls of M9 paper is issued out?
1 roll per squad or gun team.
Where is the M9 paper worn?
Ankles,
Wrists,
Biceps,
On the exterior of protective clothing.
What is the purpose of M9 paper?
To detect the presence of chemical agents, but will not identify the agent.
How do you use M9 paper?
Blot,
Do not rub on suspected liquid.
Visible droplets.
What color does the M9 change into?
If it comes in contact with contamination,
Light pink,
To
Reddish Brown,
Or
Violet tint.
What is the M8 issued with?
Field protective mask and the M256A1 kit, as an SL-3 component.
What is the purpose of the M8?
Primarily on suspected liquid forms such as:
Puddles,
Small drops,
Barely visible droplets.
How do you use the M8 paper?
Use half sheet, as it is perforated,
Expose paper to liquids.
After dabbing liquid with the M8 paper, what should you be mindful of?
Holding it down, so the liquid contaminations don't get on your glove.
What agent is the color yellow/gold on the M8 paper?
G series,
Nerve.
What agent is the color dark green on the M8 paper?
V series,
Nerve.
What agent is the color pink/red on the M8 paper?
H series,
Blister.
What is something to note with the color of the M8 paper?
Some G agents give a red-brown color typical between H and G colors.
What is something that needs to be done with the M8 paper after having a positive finding?
Testing to confirm results,
Some decontaminates may produce a false positive.
What should you never assume with an area?
That it is uncontaminated.
With an area, when in doubt what should you use?
Retest with an M256A1 kit and report the findings.
How many levels of decontamination are there?
3.
What are the three levels of decontamination?
Immediate Decon,
Operational Decon,
Thorough Decon.
What is Immediate Decon?
Minimizes casualties,
Saves lives,
And limits the spread of contamination.
What is Operational Decon?
Sustains operations,
Reduces the contact hazard,
And limits the spread of contamination to eliminate the necessity or reduce the duration of wearing MOPP gear.
What is Thorough Decon?
Reduces or eliminates the need for individual protective clothing.
What is the best start time for skin decon?
Before 1 minute.
Done by individual.
Stops agent from penetrating.
What is the best start time for personnel wipe down?
Within 15 minutes,
Done by individual or crew,
Stops agents from penetrating.
What is the best start time for an operator spray down?
Within 15 minutes,
Done by individual or crew,
Stops agent from penetrating.
What is the best start time for MOPP gear exchange?
Within 6 hours,
Done by the unit,
Possible Temp relief from MOPP 4,
Limit liquid agent spread.
What is the best start time for the vehicle wash down?
Within 6 hours,
Done by battalion crew or decon PLT,
Possible Temp relief from MOPP 4,
Limit liquid agent spread.
What is the best start time for a Detailed Equipment/Aircraft Decon?
When mission allows reconstitution,
Done by decon platoon,
Probable long term MOPP reduction with minimum risk.
What is the best start time for a detail troop decon?
When mission allows reconstitution,
Done by unit,
Probable long term MOPP reduction with minimum risk.
The techniques with decon become less effective with what?
The longer they are delayed.
With decon, performance degradation and risk assessment need to be considered when exceeding what time period?
6 hours.
Vehicle wash down is most effective within what time period?
1 hour, but could be delayed for logistical reasons.
How do you take immediate action for a nuclear attack without warning?
Upon seeing a brilliant flash of light, an exceptionally loud explosion, or when an alarm is sounded, immediate action must be taken.
Never hesitate in taking immediate action.
How do you react to a nuclear explosion without a weapon?
Immediately drop face down, with head towards blast if possible.
If cover is available, use it.
How do you react to a nuclear explosion with a weapon?
Immediately drop face down, with head towards blast if possible.
If cover is available, use it.
Put the weapon under you, facing downwards.
How long do you wait for debris to stop falling in a nuclear explosion?
90 seconds.
How long should it take to react to a gas attack?
15 seconds or less.
What is a nerve agent?
Produce their effect by interfering with normal transmission of nerve impulses in the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system.
What are the signs and symptoms of a nerve agent?
Pupils will constrict,
Muscles will twitch,
Nasal discharge,
Dyspnea,
Diarrhea,
Vomiting,
Convulsions,
Hyper salivation,
Drowsiness,
Coma,
Unconciousness.
What is the treatment for a nerve agent?
Atropine,
An acetylcholine blocker.
What is the dosage of the atropine auto injector?
600 mg.
What is the self aid for a nerve agent?
Hold breathe and put on mask.
Use the atropine auto injector.
Use the 2-Pam CI injector.
How long do you hold the atropine auto ejector into your thigh or buttocks?
10 seconds.
How long do you wait before getting a second dose of the 2-PAM CI?
10 to 15 minutes as it takes that long for the dose to work.
How many doses of the 2-PAM CI can you give or get?
3 total doses.
What is buddy aid with a nerve agent?
Mark casualty,
Administer in rapid succession 3 sets of the nerve-agent antidotes,
Use casualties own auto injectors,
Do not use your own.
What are blister agents?
Blister agents or vesicants, exert their primary action on the skin, producing large and painful blisters that are incapacitating.
Although vesicants are classified as non-lethal, high doses can cause what?
Death.
What are the common blister agents?
Mustard,
Nitrogen mustard,
Lewisite.
What is "HD?"
Mustard.
What is "HN?"
Nitrogen Mustard.
What is "L?"
Lewisite.
What is a Mustard agent?
HD and HN are:
Oily,
Colorless or pale yellow liquids,
Sparingly soluble in water.
What is the difference between HN and HD?
HN is less volatile and more persistent than HD but has the same blistering qualities.
What is the most sensitive part of the body to Mustard gas?
The eyes.
Usually the first sign of mustard gas attack is pain in the eyes, accompanied by spastic blinking and photophobia.
Where is Mustard gas most effective?
Warm sweaty parts of the body,
Armpits and groin.
What is the set time for blistering agents?
Begins in 12 hours,
but can be delayed up to 48 hours.
What is the primary cause of death for blistering agents?
Massive edema,
or
Mechanical pulmonary obstruction.
What is the treatment for mustard gas?
No antidote.,
Physically removing as much of the mustard as possible, as soon as possible.
What is Lewisite?
Lewisite is an arsenical,
An arsenic based compound.
What does Lewisite do?
This blistering compound is a light to dark brown liquid that vaporizes slowly.
What is the first sign and symptom of Lewisite?
The vapors of arsenicals are so irritating that conscious persons are immediately warned by discomfort, to put on the mask.
What injury isn't likely to occur with Lewisite?
Severe respiratory failure, except in the wounded who can't put on their face masks.
What type of Mustard gas causes intense pain, upon contact with skin?
Lewisite.
What is the treatment for Lewisite?
Immediately flush eyes,
Sodium Sulfacetamide 30% solution,
In severe cases, use morphine to relieve pain,
BAL.
What is BAL?
British Anti-Lewisite, dimercaprol is available in a peanut oil suspension for injection.
What is something to consider with BAL?
It is somewhat toxic and an injection of more than 3 mg/kg will cause severe symptoms.
What do blood agents do?
Interfere with enzyme functions in the body,
i.e., block oxygen transfer.
What are the two blood agents?
Hydrocyanic Acid,
Cyanogen Chloride.
What is "AC?"
Hydrocyanic Acid.
What is "CK?"
Cyanogen Chloride.
What is the set time for blood agents?
Can cause death in a short amount of time after exposure by interfering with oxygen in the blood.
What is the sign and symptoms of a blood agent?
Varies on time exposed,
Either death or recovery happens very rapidly.
What is the time period for death of a blood agent?
Forceful increase in the depth of respiration for a few seconds,
Violent convulsions after 20 to 30 seconds,
Respiratory failure with cessation of heart action within a few minutes.
What is the treatment for a blood agent?
Two suggested antibodies:
Amyl nitrite,
Sodium thiosulfate solution.
What does Amyl Nitrite come in?
Crush ampules.
What does Sodium Thiosulfate Solution come in?
Intravenous.
What does a blood agent smell like?
Almonds.
How do you do buddy aid with a blood agent?
Crush two ampules in the hollow of your hand and hold it to the victims nose,
Repeat procedures every few minutes until up to 8 ampules have been used.
Regardless if Amyl Nitrite is used, what needs to be done after the initial treatment?
Sodium Thiosulfate Intravenous Therapy,
100 to 200 mg/kg over a 9 minute period.
What is the key to successful cyanide treatment?
Speed.
What is a choking agent?
The toxicity of lung agents is due to their effect on lung tissues, they cause extensive damage to alveolar tissue, resulting in severe pulmonary edema.
What are the choking agents?
Phosgene,
Chlorine,
Chloropicrin,
Diphosgene.
What is "CG?"
Phosgene.
What is "CI?"
Chlorine.
What is the most common choking agent?
CG and it's toxic action is representative of the group.
What does phosgene CG smell like?
New mown hay,
Freshly cut grass.
What are the signs and symptoms of choking agents?
Watery eyes,
Coughing,
Tightness of the chest.
When do the symptoms of a choking agent go away?
2 to 6 hours after exposure.
What are the latent symptoms of choking agents?
Rapid, shallow and labored breathing,
Painful cough,
Cyanosis,
Frothy sputum,
Clammy skin,
Rapid, feeble pulse,
Low blood pressure.
What is the latent symptoms result of a choking agent?
Shock followed by death.
What is the treatment for a choking agent?
Bed rest,
Keep victims with lung edema moderately warm,
Treat anoxia with oxygen.
Because no specific treatment for CG poisoning is known, treatment has to be what?
Symptomatic.
What are incapacitating agents?
Are mainly comprised of psycho chemicals, that produce mental confusion and an inability to function intelligently.
What are the ways to deliver an incapacitating agent?
Food and water, as well as aerosol.
What is the high potency of the incapacitating agent?
Logistical feasibility.
What is the effects produced by incapacitating agents?
Mainly by altering or disrupting the higher regulatory activity of the central nervous system.
How long does an incapacitating agent last?
Hours or days. No permanent injury is produced.
When do the first symptoms of incapacitating agents happen?
Within 30 minutes lasting for several hours or several days.
What are the symptoms of incapacitating agents?
Abnormal inappropriate behavior,
Irrational statements,
Delusions and hallucinations.
What is the secondary set of symptoms of an incapacitating agent?
Dizziness,
Muscular coordination,
Dry mouth,
Difficulty swallowing.
What is the standard incapacitating agent in the US?
3-Quinuclidinyl Benilate - BZ,
A cholinergic blocking agent with is effective in producing delirium that may last several days.
In small doses, BZ will do what?
Increase in heart rate,
Pupil size,
Skin temp,
Drowsiness,
Dry skin,
Decrease in alertness.
In higher doses BZ will do what?
Progressive deterioration of mental capability, ending in stupor.
What is the treatment for an incapacitating agent?
Keep victims from harming themselves and others,
Generally there is no treatment for this type of intoxication.
For the treatment of BZ and other compounds known as glycolates, what is the drug treatment of choice?
Physostigmine.
It is NOT EFFECTIVE in the first 4 hours,
However it will be very effective as long as treatment is continued,
Discontinuation of treatment will cause a relapse.
What is riot control/harassing agents?
Is the collective term used to describe a collection of chemical compounds, all having similar characteristics which, though relatively nontoxic, produce an immediate but temporary effect in low concentrations.
What is riot control/harassing agents used for?
Harass enemy personnel or to discourage riot actions.
What is the treatment for riot control/harassing agents?
Generally no treatment,
Removal from the environment is sufficient.
What are the two riot control gases?
Lacrimators,
Vomiting agents.
Physostigmine is not effective when?
In the first 4 hours.
It will be after this time period.
What are Lacrimators
Tear gas are essentially local irritants that act primarily on the eyes.
In high concentration, Lacrimators will do what?
Irritate the respiratory tract and the skin.
What are the principle agents used in tear gas?
Cholracetopheone,
Orthochlorobenzilidine.
What is "CN?"
Cholracetopheone.
What is "CS?"
Orthochlorobenzilidine.
CS gas is basically what?
A Lacrimator, it is considerably more potent than CN and causes more severe respiratory symptoms.
What is CN primarily used for?
Training agent and is the most commonly encountered tear gas because it is not as potent.
CS is more widely used by what group?
The military as a riot control agent.
What is the best protective agent against CS?
Protective masks,
Ordinary field clothing secured at the neck, wrists, and ankles.
Personnel handling CS should wear what?
Rubber gloves for extra protection.
What is the sign and symptom of lacrimators?
Produce intense pain in the eyes with excessive tearing,
Even with the most severe exposures, symptoms seldom last more than 2 hours,
Moderate exposure lasts a few minutes.
What is the treatment for lacrimators?
Generally not necessary,
Fresh air and wind blowing in the eyes.
Chest discomfort after lacrimators can be relieved by what?
Talking.
What is something to note with lacrimators and clothing?
It adheres to it tenaciously and changing clothes may be necessary,
May need to shower as well, because of the hair and facial skin.
What are vomiting agents?
Comprise the second class of agents in the riot control category.
What are the primary agents in vomiting agents?
Adam site DM,
DA,
DC,
They are used for riot control and training.
How are vomiting agents dispersed?
Aerosols and produce their effects by inhalation or by direct action on the eyes.
What is the sign and symptom of vomiting agents?
They produce a strong pepper like irritation in the upper respiratory tract, with irritation of the eyes and lacrimation.
What is the secondary symptoms of vomiting agents?
Violent uncontrollable sneezing,
Coughing,
Nausea,
Vomiting,
General feeling of malaise.
What does inhalation of a vomiting agent cause?
Burning sensation in the nose and throat,
Hyper-salivation,
Rhinorrhea.
The sinuses fill rapidly and cause a violent frontal headache.
What is the treatment for the vomiting agent?
A mask should be worn despite of coughing, sneezing, salivation,
Minutes after putting on a mask, the symptoms will increase, so the victim will think that it isn't working,
Lift it, every so often to drain the vomit and mucus.
What is something to consider with vomiting agents and the mission?
Combat duties can still be performed if the individual is motivated enough.
What is the first aid treatment of vomiting agents?
First aid consists of washing the skin and rinsing the eyes and mouth,
A mild analgesic may be given to relieve a headache.
What is the recovery time for a vomiting agent?
Recovery is usually spontaneous and complete within 1 to 3 hours.
What are screening smokes?
Screening smokes fit in with riot control agents.
What is the primary use of screening smokes?
To obscure vision and hide targets or areas.
Screening smokes are not generally considered what?
Toxic.
Heavy exposure near the source of screening smokes may do what?
Cause illness or even death.
Where shouldn't you use screening smokes?
Activated indoors or in closed compartments.
Symptomatic treatment of medical problems or discomfort resulting from exposure to screening smokes will do what?
Generally suffice.
What is white phosphorus?
WP is a pale, waxy solid that ignites spontaneously on contact with air to give a hot, dense, white smoke composed of phosphorus pentoxide particles.
While field concentrations of the smoke may cause temporary irritation to the eyes, nose and throat, casualties of the smoke, have not occurred where?
In combat operations.
What is the treatment for the WP?
No treatment is necessary and the patient usually recovers once removed from the WP source.
WP smoke not only obscures the field of vision but also has a secondary when it touches what?
The skin of the victim.
When burning particles of the WP embed into the skin, what must be done?
Cover the skin with:
Water,
Wet cloth,
Or mud.
What is the solution for a white phosphorus burn?
0.5 percent solution of copper sulfate may be used as a rinse, but not as a dressing.
How are the phosphorus particles removed from the skin?
Surgically.
Army CBRN Hazmat Awareness Training
CWA
Clean Water Act
EPA 40 CFR 300-311
Environmental Protection Agency
NFPA
National Fire Protection Agency
DOT 49 CFR 100-199
Department Of Transportation
RCRA
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (hazardous waste)
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( 29 CFR)
Awareness-level responders
Recognize, protect, call, and secure
toxic chemicals
Must be reported annually
hazardous chemical
Risk to employees
Hazardous material (DOT)
Covers 9 hazard classes; regulated by EPA
Dangerous Goods
Alternate term for hazardous materials used in Canada and by United Nations
hazardous waste
Regulated under resources, conservation, and recovery act (RCRA)
Hazardous Material (NFPA 472)
A substance that when released is capable of creating harm to people, environment, & property
hazardous substance (EPA)
Above a certain amount must be reported ( EPA ONLY AGENCY TO USE "SUBSTANCES")
Highly Hazardous Chemicals
Posses toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive properties
Extremely Hazardous Substances (40 CFR 355)
EPA uses the term for chemicals that must be reported to the appropriate authorities if released above the threshold reporting quantity.
Implement
To put into action; execute
survey
Survey hazardous materials
Collect
Collect hazard information
detect
Detect the presence of hazardous materials
weapons of mass destruction (WMD)
Weapons involving toxic/poisonous chemicals, disease organism, release radioactivity
Class 1
Explosives
Class 1 Major Hazard
explosion
División 1.1
Mass explosion hazard
División 1.1 examples
Dynamite, TNT
División 1.2
Projection hazard
División 1.2 examples
Detonation cord
División 1.3
Fire hazard
División 1.3 examples
Rocket
División 1.4
Minor explosion hazard
División 1.4 examples
Ammunition
División 1.5
Very insensitive explosion
División 1.5 examples
Ammonium nitrate
División 1.6
Extremely insensitive explosion
División 1.6 examples
Squibs
Class 2
gases
Class 2 Major Hazard
BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion)
División 2.1
Flammable Gasses
División 2.1 examples
Propane, methyl chlorine
División 2.2
Non-flammable/ non-poisonous gasses
División 2.2 examples
Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, anhydrous ammonia
División 2.3
Poisonous gasses
División 2.3 examples
Arrime chlorine
Class 3
flammable and combustible liquids
Class 3 Major Hazard
Burns readily
-No divisions
Class 3 Flammable Liquids
Flash point of no more than 140 F
Class 3 Flammable Liquids examples
Acetone, gasoline, toluene
Class 3 combustible liquids
Flash point of more than 140F
Class 3 combustible liquids examples
Oil's
Class 4
Flammable and Combustible Solids
Class 4 Major Hazard
Rapid combustion that releases mass quantities of smoke (toxic)
División 4.1
Flammable solids
División 4.1: flammable solids
Self reactive materials
Readily combustible solids
División 4.1 examples
Nitro gilylose
División 4.2
Spontaneously combustible materials
Pyrophoric Material
Ignited five minutes after contact with air
Self-heating materials
Ignited when in contact with air
División 4.2 examples
Charcoal briquettes, phosphorus
División 4.3
Dangerous when wet
División 4.3 examples
Calcium carbine, magnesium powder
Class 5
Oxidizers
Class 5 major hazard
5.1 supports combustion intensifies fire
5.2 unstable/ reactive explosives
División 5.1
Oxidizer
División 5.1 examples
Ammonium nitrate
División 5.2
Organic peroxide
División 5.2 (A)
Detonate/deflagrate rapidly
Forbidden to transport
División 5.2(B)
Nor detonates/ deflagrate rapidly can undergo thermal explosion
División 5.2(C)
Neither detonate/ deflagrate or cannot undergo thermal explosion
División 5.2(D)
Detonated only partially/ deflagrate slowly w/ medium to no effect
Class 6
poison
Class 6 Major Hazard
Toxicity, Infections
División 6.1
Poisonous material (other than gases)
División 6.1 examples
Tear gas
División 6.2
Infectious substances ( pathogens)
División 6.2 examples
Anthrax, botulism, rabies, tetanus, polio, virus
Class 7
radioactive
Class 7 Major Hazard
Radioactive Burns (0.002 Mc/hr)
Class 7 Example
Cobalt, uranium, hexafluoride, "yellow cake"
Class 8
Corrosives
Class 8 Corrosives
liquid or solid that causes full thickness destruction of human skin at the site of contact within a specified period of time.
Class 8 Example
nitric acid and sulfuric acid and phosphorus
Class 9
miscellaneous
Class 9 miscellaneous
Not included in any other hazard class
Class 9 Example
Adipic acid, hazardous substances such as PCBs and molten sulfur
ORM-D
Other regulated materials
ORM Definition
Limited hazard during transportation due to its form, quantity, and packaging
ORM-D Examples
Furniture and nail polish; consumer commodities.
forbidden
No placard since they are forbidden
Forbidden examples
5.2 (a) materials
marine pollution
A material that has an adverse on aquatic life
Elevated Temperature Material
when offer in transport can be: liquid at above 212F, solid at 464F, liquid w/ flashpoint over 100F
dangerous
Mixed loads ( two or more items)
1001 lbs or above
intent
Intended to cause damage, inflict harm or kill
Severity & complexity
Large numbers of casualties or unusual materials
Crime Scene Management
Preservation of evidence/ extremely important consideration
Incident command
Unified command
Jurisdiction over all incidents involving terrorism
Secondary devices/attacks & armed resistance
Terrorist make target emergency responders in an attempt to kill them
Typical occupancies and locations
Warehouses
Tank farms
Weapons depots
Hospitals
Laboratories
Truck terminals
Flight line areas
Maintenance facilities
Pre-incident plan
Incident plans should be created before an incident
Radioactive containers (type A)
Protective over packs
Low level radiation
High pressure cargo tanks
Propane/ pressurized products
Highway made
Round ends
Radioactive containers (type B)
Casks
Pressure rail car
Propane/ pressurized products
Protective housing
High pressure tube trailer
Compressed gas but never liquified gas( noble gases)
Tube Modules
Compressed gas but never liquified(3.5 k psi)
Cryogenic Liquid Cargo Tanks
Vacuum insulated
Dished ends
Pish design
Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car
25 psi or lower
Box on tank
Corrosive Liquid Cargo Tanks
Overturn protection
Insulted/non-insulted
Non-pressure Liquid Cargo Tanks
Flammable liquids
Highway transportation
Oval ends
Four to five compartments
Non-pressure cars
Visible fitting
Expansión dome
60 to 100 psi
Mhm/wmd markings division 1.1
Mas detonation
Stop sign
MHM/WMD MARKINGS Division 1.2
Explosión w/ fragmentation
X shape
MHM/WMD MARKING Division 1.3
Mass fire hazard
Triangle shape
MHM/WMD MARKINGS Division 1.4
Moderate fire hazard
Diamond shape
NFPA 704 System
Fixed facilities
Minimal information
Does not provide name of material
Dry bulk cargo tanks
V-shaped bottoms
Solids only
Sloppy ends
Red Diamond
Flammability
Located at the top
Special warning chemical hazards
Red highly toxic
Yellow harassing gents
White phosphorus munitions
Special warning
Apply no water
Wear protective breathing apparatus
HCS
Hazard Communication Standard
Pipeline Markings
Must have:
1. Type of product
2. Owner of pipeline
3. Contact number in case of a breach.
Container Markings
Actual name of material stenciled on container
Blue Diamond
Health
located on the left
yellow diamond
Reactivity
located on the right
White diamond
special hazard information
SDS
Safety Data Sheet
STCC
Standard Transportation Commodity Code
7 digits
CAS
Chemical Abstracts Service
(chemical SSN)
Highway
Bill of landing
Driver
Cab
rail
Way bill/consist
Conductor/engineer
Train crew
water
Dangerous cargo manifest
Captain/master
Wheelhouse
air
Air bill
Pilot
Cockpit
Sensor identifying
Sight
Sound
Odor
Serious limitations
Close enough to smell- risk of death/injury
Close enough to see- risk of injury
Touching- may cause injury
Taste-not recommended
Targets and indicators of chemical/terrorist attacks
Public buildings
Mass transit system
Place with high economic impact
Telecommunications facilities
Places with historical/symbolic significance
Airports
Industrial facilities
Chemical agents indicators
Min to hours
Lab equipment
Hazardous materials/ WMD
Dead or brown foliage
Biological indicators
Days to weeks
No characteristic
Colorless/odorless
ignition source
Open flames
Lightning
Cutting/welding operations
Heated surfaces
Frictional heat
Radiant heat
Static
contact
Skin surface hazard/damage
(At aight of contact)
Absorption
Entry through eyes,skin, and through punctures
injection
Through a wound or cut
Ingestión
Through the mouth
TEAMCPRP
THERMAL, ETIOLOGICAL, ASPHYXIATION, MECHANICAL, CORROSIVE, POSIONOUS, RADIATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL.
evacuation
withdrawing troops or civilians
Safety points
Evaluate scene
Visual scan
Avoid touching
Scene control zones
Evacuate
FMF 112 CBRN Defense Fundamentals
What does NATO stand for?
National Atlantic Treaty Organization
Describe a chemical contamination marker
Upside down triangle
Yellow background
Red lettering
Name of agent and time of detection
Describe a biological contamination marker
Upside down triangle
Blue background
Red lettering
Name of agent and time of detection
Describe a radiological contamination marker
Upside down triangle
White background
Black lettering
Dose rate
Date and time of reading
Date and time of burst
Describe a chemical minefield contamination marker
Upside down triangle
Red background
Yellow lettering and a stripe
Chemical agent in mine
Date of emplacement
Which way does the chemical mine marker face?
Away from the minefield
What is the purpose of the M-40 field protective mask?
To protect from chemical and biological agents
What does the M-40 mask consist of?
Mask
Face blank
Filter canister
Dual voice mitter assemblies
Inlet and outlet valves
Water drinking system
Identify the following CBRN alarms:
Vocal
Visual
Percussion
GAS-GAS-GAS
Extend the arms out to the side, make a fist and bend the arms to the ears three times
Metal on metal
How do you DON the M-40 mask?
Stop breathing, close your eyes and mouth
The M-40 mask must be donned within how many seconds?
9 seconds
How many levels of MOPP are there and what are they?
Six
MOPP Ready Carry your protective mask
MOPP Zero MOPP gear available but not wearing it
MOPP 1 Over garment carried, booties carried, mask carried, gloves carried
MOPP 2 Over garment worn, booties carried, mask carried, gloves carried
MOPP 3 Over garment worn, booties worn, mask worn with hood open or closed, gloves carried
MOPP 4 over garment worn, booties worn, mask worn, gloves worn
What does the M9 detector paper detect?
Chemical agents but will not identify them
What color will the M9 detector paper turn if there is a presence of a chemical agent?
Light pink to reddish brown or violet tint
Where do you place M9 detector paper?
Ankles, wrists and biceps
What is the M8 detector paper primarily used for?
suspected liquid forms of contamination
What agents does the M8 detection paper detect?
G Nerve
V Nerve
H Blister
What color will G nerve show up as?
Yellow gold
What color will V nerve show up as?
Dark Green
What color will H Blister agent show up as?
Pink/ Red
What are the three levels of decontamination?
Immediate
Operational
Thorough
What are the 3 Immediate decon techniques?
Skin Decon
Personnel wipe down
operator's spray down
When is the best time to start skin decon?
Before 1 min
When is the best time to start personnel wipe down and operators spray down?
With in 15 mins
Who is skin decon done by?
The individual
Who is personnel wipe down and operators spray done by?
The individual or crew
What is the gain of immediate decon?
Stops the agent from penetrating
What are the Operational decon techniques?
MOPP gear exchange
Vehicle Wash down
When is the best time to start operational decon?
Within six hours
Who is Operational decon done by?
The unit, battalion crew or decon platoon
What is the gain of Operational decon?
Possible temporary relief from MOPP4
Limit the spread of liquid agents
What are the Thorough decon techniques?
Detailed Equipment decon
Detailed Aircraft decon
Detailed Troop decon
When should Thorough decon start?
When mission allows..
Who is thorough decon done by?
Decon platoon or the unit
What is the gain of thorough decon?
Probable long-term MOPP reduction with minimum risk
What are the immediate actions required during a nuclear attack without warning?
Look for protective cover
How do you react to a nuclear blast without a weapon?
Immediately drop face down, with head towards the blast
Use cover if it's available
Close your eyes
Protect or cover exposed skin by putting hands and arms under or near the body and keeping your helmet on
Keep your head down
How do you react to a nuclear blast with a weapon?
Immediately drop face down with head towards the blast
Use protective cover if available
Close your eyes
Protect or cover exposed skin by putting hands and arms under or near the body and keeping your helmet on
Place your weapon under your body or beside you with the strap/sling wrapped tightly around your arm and the muzzle angled away from your face
Remain face down for 90 seconds or until all debris has stopped falling
What are the immediate actions required during a chemical or biological attack?
Stop breathing
Close your mouth and eyes
How long do you have to react to a gas attack?
15 seconds
What are some signs and symptoms of exposure to nerve agents?
Convulsions
Pinpoint pupils
Rhinorrea
Hypersalivation
Local muscle twitching
Dyspnea
How do you treat nerve agents?
3 sets of
2mg of atropine
600 mg of 2PAM/CL
Administer atropine until what occurs?
Atropinization (tachycardia, dry mouth)
These type of agents exert their primary action on the skin, producing large and painful blisters that are incapacitating.
Blister agents
What are the two types of blister agents?
Mustard HN/HD
Lewisite
Signs and Symptoms of Mustard agents
Death
Eyes painful and gritty
Burning on the skin
Blisters within 12 to 48 hrs
Treatment of blister agents
treat the symptoms
How do you treat Lewisite?
Wash with copious amounts of water
30% of sodium sulfatacemide for eye infection within the first 24 hrs
Antidote - British Anti-lewisite (BAL)
What do blood agents do?
Block oxygen transfer
What type of odor does blood agents have?
Almond like-odor
What are the two types of blood agents?
Hydrocyanic acid (AC), Cyanogen chloride (CK)
signs and symptoms of blood agents include
Death
Violent convulsions in 20-30 seconds
Respiratory failure
Forceful respirations
What is the treatment for blood agents?
Amyl nitrate in crushed ampules
100-200 mg/kg of sodium thiosulfate over 9 mins
What agent results in sever pulmonary edema?
Choking agents
What are the four choking agents?
Phosgene CG
Chlorine CL
Diphosgene
Clorosporin
Sign and symptoms of a choking agent
Usually don't occur for 2-6 hrs
Cyanosis
Shock
Clammy skin
Rapid pulse
Frothy sputum
Painful cough
Rapid, shallow, labored breathing
Low blood pressure
Treatment for choking agents
Bed rest
oxygen
What do incapacitating agents do?
Produce mental confusion and an inability to function intelligently
When will signs and symptoms appear for incapacitating agents?
30mins to hours, days to several weeks
What is the treatment for incapacitating agents?
Prevent victims from injuring themselves and others
Physostigmine but not effective in the first four hrs
What are the two types of Riot control/ harassing agents?
Lacrimators or vomiting agents
What are the two gas lacrimators called?
CN and CS
Which gas lacrimator is weaker but last longer?
CN
Which gas lacrimator is more potent and used by the military?
CS
How long does symptoms last for lacrimators?
Over 2 hrs
What are the three vomiting agents?
Adamsite (DM)
Diphenylchloroarsine (DA)
Diphenylcyanorsine (DC)
How are vomiting agents introduced?
Dispersed as aerols by inhalation or direct contact on the eyes
signs and symptoms of vomiting agents include
Violent uncontrollable sneezing
Violent frontal headache
coughing
Nausea
Vomiting
Malaise
What is the treatment for vomiting agents?
Washing the skin & rinsing the mouth & eyes w/ water
Vigorous PT
Recovery w/ in 1-3 hrs
What is the primary use of smoke screens?
Obscure vision and hide targets
Describe white phosphorus
A pale, waxy solid that ignites spontaneously on contact with air to give a hot, dense, white smoke
What is the treatment if white phosphorus comes into contact with the skin?
Cover with mud or wet cloth
.5% of copper sulfate rinse
Surgical removal