JKO Sim 101: Simulation Operator-Basic Course

FAATDS

Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System

AMDWS

Air and Missile Defense Workstation

ARFORGEN

Army Force Generation

BCS3

Battle Command Sustainment Support System

BCT

Brigade Combat Team

CETRIXS

Combined Enterprise Regional Information Exchange System

CIDNE

Combined Information Data Network Exchange

CJTF

Combined Joint Task Force

COS

Chief of Staff

CPOF

Command Post of the Future

DCO

Defense Connect Online

DCGS-A

Distributed Common Ground System - Army

DoD

Department of Defense

FM

Field Manual

G-1

Personnel

G-2

Intelligence

G-3

Operations

G-4

Logistics

G-5

Plans

G-6

Signal

JCR

Joint Capabilities Release

JADOCS

Joint Automated Deep Operations Coordination System

MISO

Military Information Support Operations

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

SIGACT

Significant Activities Report

SITREP

Situational Report

SOP

Standard Operating Procedure

TAIS

Tactical Airspace Integration System

TIGR

Tactical Ground Reporting System

XO

Executive Officer

Battle Rhythm

A deliberate daily cycle of command, staff, and unit activities intended to synchronize current and future operations.

Explicit Knowledge

Codified or formally documented knowledge organized and transferred to others through digital or non-digital means.

Knowledge Management

The process of enabling knowledge flow to enhance shared understanding, learning and decision making.

Measure of Effectiveness

A criterion used to asses changes in system behavior, capability, or operational environment that is tied to measuring the attainment of an end state, achievement of an objective or creation of an effect.

Measure of Performance

A criterion used to assess friendly actions that is tied to measuring task accomplishment.

Military Decision Making Process (MDMP)

An iterative planning methodology to understand the situation and mission, develop a course of action, and produce and operations plan or order.

Risk Management

The Process of identifying, assessing, and controlling risks arising from operational factors and making decisions that balance risk cost with mission benefits.

Tacit Knowledge

What individuals know, a unique, personal store of knowledge gained from life experiences, training, and networks of friends, acquaintances, and professional colleagues.

Troop Leading Procedures

A dynamic process used by small-unit leaders to analyze mission, develop a plan and prepare for an operation.

The steps
of knowledge management include:

Assess.
Design.
Develop.
Pilot.
Implement.

The four
components of knowledge management include:

People.
Processes.
Tools.
Organization.

Organization

An organization is a matrix where people, processes, and tools function to integrate individual and
organizational knowledge and learning strategies.

Culture

The culture of an organization provides the perspective by which information, goals, and
motivations are viewed.

Knowledge management enables the mission command warfighting function by:

Supporting the commander's decisionmaking throughout operations.

Facilitating dialogue and interaction required for successful mission command through
collaborative tools and processes.

Facilitating the capture and transfer of tacit knowledge shared in the organization.

Facilitating the transfer of explicit knowledge shared in the organization.

Helping the staff provide timely and relevant information and knowledge.

Enabling adaptive learning organizations.

Supporting mission command warfighting function tasks.

Commanders drive operations through execution
of their tasks

...of understand, visualize, describe, direct, lead, and assess.

Knowledge Brokering

As knowledge brokers, knowledge management representatives link their colleagues to knowledge
and information sources outside their immediate context.

Assessment

Assessment is the first step of knowledge management.

Assessment is the determination of the progress toward accomplishing a task, creating a condition, or
achieving an objective (JP 3-0).

Deliberate

A deliberate knowledge management assessment identifies all people, process, and tools and places
them in their context for entire organization.

Abbreviated

Abbreviated knowledge management assessments are focused on needs or identified problems.

Knowledge management assessment has four steps:

Step 1: Define the organization and its environment; people, processes, tools, and organization.

Step 2: Describe the organization's internal and external linkages and dependencies.

Step 3: Analyze the organization and evaluate its knowledge and performance and the gaps in its
knowledge and performance.

Step 4: Depict the connectivity and alignment of the organization's knowledge management
components in easily understood graphical representations.

Knowledge management map

Knowledge management maps are a graphic representation or map of the organization.

Concept Maps

A concept map shows information or knowledge created.

Situational understanding

Situational understanding is the product of applying analysis and judgment to relevant
information to determine the relationships among the operational and mission variables to facilitate
decision making (ADP 5-0).

Data

Data consist of unprocessed signals communicated between any nodes in an information system,

Information

Information is the meaning that a human assigns to data by means of the known conventions used in
their representation.

Knowledge

Knowledge is information that has been analyzed to provide meaning or value or evaluated as to
implications for the operation.

Understanding

Understanding is knowledge that has been synthesized and had judgment applied to it to comprehend
the situation's inner relationships.

Knowledge transfer

Knowledge transfer is the movement of knowledge—including knowledge based on expertise or
skilled judgment—from one person to another (FM 6-01.1).

Information management

Information management is the science of using procedures and information systems to collect,
process, store, display, disseminate, and protect data, information, and knowledge products (ADRP 6-0).

relevance of information based on the following characteristics:

Accurate—conveys the true situation.

Timely—is available in time to make decisions.

Useable—is portrayed in common, easily understood formats and displays.

Complete—provides all necessary data.

Precise—has the required level of detail.

Secure—affords required protection.

Core Competencies

1. Mission Command Integration
2. Simulation Operations
3. Knowledge Management

Knowledge

Knowledge is information that has been analyzed to provide meaning or value.

Knowledge Management Functions

1. Creating Knowledge
2. Organizing Knowledge
3. Applying Knowledge
4. Transferring Knowledge

KM Components

1. People
2. Processes
3. Tools
4. Organizations

KM Principles

1. Understand
2. Share
3. Integrate
4. Connect
5. Learn
6. Trust

KM Core Competencies

1. Knowledge flow and capture
2. Collaboration
3. Standardization

Principles of Mission Command

1. Build cohesive teams through mutual trust
2. Create shared understanding
3. Provide a clear commander's intent
4. Exercise disciplined initiative
5. Use mission orders
6. Accept prudent risk

Focus Areas for KM Assessment

•Standards Analysis
•Time Management
•Meeting Analysis
•Report Analysis
•Technical Systems Analysis
•Content Management Analysis

Standards Analysis

Standards analysis helps a unit determine the degree to which the unit follows standard knowledge management practices and what needs improvement

Time Management Analysis

The purpose of time management analysis is to determine if an organization is using time efficiently, how it can reduce wasted time, and make the best use of available time. This analysis focuses on the unit's battle rhythm

Meeting Analysis

Meeting analysis helps determine the efficiency of the meetings conducted from the perspective of efficient use of time and whether the meetings serve the purpose intended

Report Analysis

Report analysis examines how reports are created, organized, and transferred

Technical Analysis

Digital dashboards to display key KM performance indicators

Content Management Analysis

Consideration of how the visibility and accessibility of digital and non digital knowledge products within and outside the organization affect mission accomplishment

KM Assessment Steps

Define, Describe, Analyze and Depict

Analysis Step

Heart of the assessment process

Gap Analysis

Identifies shortfalls in knowledge and shortfalls in unit performance, analyzes the linkage, and determines how knowledge-based solutions help fill the gaps.

Types of Constraints

Physical and Logical

KM Design Steps

Conceptualize, Refine, Prepare

KM Action Plan

Includes actions, actors, timeframe, resources, measures of effectiveness, and key performance indicators

KM Develop Steps

Confirm, Outline, Build

4 Types of Data
Collection

1.Automatic
2.External
3.Subjective
4.Environmental

What is the definition of a model?

A model is a simplification of reality.

The definition of live simulation is:

Simulation involving real people operating real systems.

The definition of a virtual simulation is:

A simulation involving real people operating simulated systems

The definition of constructive simulation is:

Simulations that involve simulated people operating simulated systems.

A________________ is a "picture element," that refers to the smallest visual unit in an image on a computer display.

pixel

What is the reason for process mapping?

Process models are used to represent steps of a task, event or activity.

The earliest known use of M&S to enhance military training was the Prussian Army's use of mobilization models to plan for WW I.

False

A model airplane is a good example of a process model.

False

A _______________ is a set of simulations, a common federation object model, and supporting RTI, that are used together achieve some specific objective.

federation

What is the capstone document for all of the Services for the development, acquisition, integration, and use of models and simulation?

Chairman Of The Joint Chiefs Of Staff Instruction CJCSI
3170.01I , Joint Capabilities Integration And Development
System (JCIDS)

The Mission Training Complex (MTC) includes the full array of available mission command systems and training support system
enablers/capabilities networked, integrated and interoperable to provide the most effective capability to meet the unit's training needs while at home station and when deployed.

True

The desired endstate for any simulation supported training event is to
successfully achieve the selected commander's training objectives
required to support the mission.

True

What is the purpose of an operational needs statement (ONS)?

An ONS (Operational Needs Statement) is a request for a materiel
solution to an operational requirement.

A computer program is a set of instructions that tells a computer exactly what to do.

True

What are the two methods of time progression used in model and simulation design?

event driven and time increment

A database is the organization of data, while programming is the ability to access it in a logical sequence.

True

The process of determining the degree to which a model is an accurate representation of the real world from the perspective of the intended users of the model, is the definition of?

Fidelity

Some of the more important considerations for the use of game engine simulations are:

A. Games enhance soldier engagement and retention.

B. Games are adaptable, highly motivating, and can be fun.

C. Games can be used to create a variety of scenarios not easily

replicated in a live environment.

D. All of the above.

An effective LVCG strategy supports which of the following training environments?

A. Units at Home Station.

B. Individuals in Institutional Training.

C. Deployed Units.

D. All of the Above.

The four phases of the training development process within Unit
Training Management (UTM) are plan, prepare, execute, and _______

Assess

Who is the primary staff agent that supports the Commander in the production of the Unit's Training Guidance?

G-3/S-3

System TADSS:

A. Support training on a specific weapon system.

B. Are funded and documented as part of the weapon

system.

C. Are provided by the weapon system Program Manager

(PM).

D. All of the above

What is the purpose of EXCIS in a constructive simulation federation?

The ExCIS is the translator between the Distributed Interactive
Simulation (DIS) environment, and FIRESIM in particular,
and the Advanced Field Artillery Tactical Data System
(AFATDS).

The two current members of the Combined Arms Tactical Training (CATT) family of virtual, distributed interactive simulations for collective training are:

AVCATT and CCTT

Which of the following is the best description of training with constructive simulations?

Training with constructive simulations is training that uses computer
models and simulations to exercise the command and staff functions of units from platoon through echelons above corps.

Aggregate level simulation events normally have some key aspects that define their supporting requirements or fidelity of play. In general terms, aggregate level simulation events typically have a ____________ level of Abstraction, ________________ overhead, and typically _______________ fidelity than a comparable entity level simulation supported event.

Higher, moderate, lower

In spite of the complex technical nature of planning Simulation supported training events the Plan, Prepare, Execute, Assess steps of the operational Process in ADRP 7-0 is compatible with the Event Life Cycle found in CJCSM 3500 03D.

True

In exercise planning which person / position: Supports the Exercise Director; Coordinates all planning activities, Operational Environment, exercise directive, exercise control, cell structure, Observer/Control Plan, manning document and operator training?

Lead Exercise Planner

AR 5-11, Management of Army Modeling and Simulation, 15 May 2014 requires that planning for every exercise includes the following events: Concept Development, Initial Planning, Main Planning, Final Planning and MSEL Work session(s). Excluding any of these requires approval from an organization's next higher headquarters.

False

What is metadata?

Data about data.

Which of the below could you use to create a unit's Order of Battle (ORBAT) or Task Organization for a JCATS supported exercise?

JTDS

What is the function of the EXCON in a Constructive Simulation exercise?

Control the exercise to meet training objectives.

What function do Interfaces devices, like SIMPLE, perform?

Interface devices translate model data into specific message formats
that are transmitted to the unit MCIS.

A Mini-Ex is:

A full up rehearsal prior to Start-Ex.

When developing the After Action Review collection control plan for a constructive exercise what should be your starting point?

Training Objectives

What is a map

A representation usually on a flat surface of the whole or part of an area.

There is a lot of knowledge management information in Joint Doctrine. True/False?

FALSE

1. Explain how Mission Command related to Unified Action. Short Answer.

-Knowledge Sharing
-Shared Understanding
-Collaboration

List the Staff Tasks.

Conduct Knowledge Management and Information Management

Where does the KM "Big Ideas" reside (which FM and Chapter).

Chapter 3, FM 6-0

ATP 6-01.1 replaced FM 6-01.1. True/False?

TRUE

Which Army publication first defines Knowledge Management?

ADP and ADRP 3.0 - Unified Land Operations.

Define Mission Command.

Commanders use the warfighting functions to help them exercise command and to help them and their staffs exercise control.

Which chapter of the ATP 6-01.1 covers the assessment phase of the KM Process

Ch. 2

Future versions of the ATP will likely include discussions on "Change Management" and KM Maturity.

TRUE

The higher HQ battle rhythm and reporting requirements is a factor that shapes a battle Rhythm. True/False.

TRUE

What is the 7 Minute Drill Process?

Why are we having this meeting? What inputs are necessary? What outputs will it achieve relative to the CCIRs?

Define Battle Rhythm.

Battle rhythm integrates the decision cycle and staff events across the three event horizons (current operations, future operations, and future plans)

What tools does the KMO and the KMWG need to manage the Battle Rhythm?

· 7 minute drill summary roll up
· Information Flow Diagram
· Staff event participation matrix
· Event location & sequencing matrix

Understanding the commander's touch point requirements and preferences begins the process of creating an effective battle rhythm.

TRUE

Define Working Groups?

A Working Group is an enduring or ad hoc organization within the JFC's HQ formed around a specific function whose purpose is to provide analysis to users. >

The following are Battle Rhythm insights and best practices?

· Identify the commander's decision-making preferences and touch point requirements early to underpin the staff battle rhythm.
· Ensure the staff battle rhythm has the flexibility to handle changes in mission requirements and HHQ demands. At the same time, ensure it has a structure and foundation for staff and unit level interaction, planning and prioritization.
· The CoS should manage and discipline the battle rhythm, including vetting and approval of battle rhythm events through some form of a seven minute drill.
· When creating a battle rhythm, identify manpower limitations of key SMEs and ensure they are utilized effectively.
· Nest the battle rhythm with other HQ's - both HHQ and adjacent HQ, while best accommodating the needs of subordinates.
· Provide as much predictability as possible in the battle rhythm and maintain sufficient white space in the battle rhythm for circulation, work, and personal time.

The G3 coordinating and maintaining the battle rhythm. True/False

FALSE

Who is responsible for the Battle Rhythm?

CoS

Informal Leadership is granted to individuals by virtue of assignment to a position. True/False

FALSE

What is Change Management?

1. Change management is the discipline that guides how we prepare, equip and support individuals to successfully adopt change in order to drive organizational success and outcomes.

Explain General Stanley McChrystal's "Team of Team" concept.

Scalable Adaptability knowledge sharing

Where on the "Tipping Point of Change" Graph should you focus your effort?

15-18%

As middle managers in the Army, we should focus on "Leading Change" from the bottom?

False

What are the sequential steps in Kotter's 8 Step Change Model?

a. Create
b. Build
c. Form
d. Enlist
e. Enable
f. Generate
g. Sustain
h. institute

Explain Nickerson's 3 Sequential Strategies.

a. Identify all relevant stakeholders and partition them into four categories:
i. superordinates
ii. subordinates
iii. customers
b. complementors/blockers (those who control needed resources but over whom the leaders have no authority).
i. For each stakeholder category, identify the CoSTS to "Win them over":
ii. Communications
iii. Strategies
iv. Tactics
c. Don't stimulate negative emotions that make people DEAF—Disrespect, Envy, Anger, and Fear—to efforts to produce change.

What are the 4 components of Nickerson's Stakeholder Landscape?

a. Buy-in
b. Be-in
c. Allow-in
d. Agree-in

The first step of Kotter's Change Model is "Create a sense of urgency". True/False.

TRUE

According to Nickerson, who are the "Buy-ins" on his Stakeholder Landscape ?

Staff Principals & Primary Staff

What is DIS

Distributed Interactive Simulation

state information

such as position and orientation from the host controlling the entity to one or more other hosts participating in the simulation

TENA

Test and Training Enabling Architecture

HLA

High Level Architecture

LVCS

Live-Virtual-Constructive simulations

ALSP

Aggregate-Level Simulation Protocol

The objectives of the HLA are to:

Establish a common development and execution architecture

an application that may be, or is coupled with other software applications under a Federation Object Model Document Data (FDD) and a runtime infrastructure (RTI)

A federate

a named set of federate applications and a common Federation Object Model that are used as a whole to achieve some specific objective

A Federation

a specification of the types of information that an individual federate could provide to HLA federations as well as the information a federate could receive from other federates in HLA federations.

A Simulation Object Model (SOM)

A Federation Object Model (FOM)

a specification defining the information exchanged at runtime to achieve a given set of federation objectives.

a standardised format , rules and terminology used for describing HLA object models

Object Model Template

The software that provides common interface services during a HLA federation execution for synchronization and data exchange.

Run Time Infrastructure (RTI)

TENA

The Test and Training Enabling Architecture

Live

real, physical assets, including soldiers, aircraft, tanks, ships, and weapon systems.

Virtual

simulators of physical assets that provide real-world operator interfaces and humans in the loop, such as aircraft simulators, tank simulators, etc.

Constructive

Pure simulations either controlled by human beings (called "semiautomated forces"), or run entirely without human intervention (called "closed simulations").