What are the basic colors of a map and what do they represent?

Black- man made features
Red-brown- cultural features, all relief features and contour lines on a red-lens reading map
Blue- water features
Brown- relief features
Red- Population areas, main roads, and boundaries

Where is the legend on a map found?

Lower left corner.

What are contour lines?

Imaginary lines on the ground connecting equal elevation, they represent high and low ground elevation.

What are the three types of contour lines?

Index
Intermediate
Supplementary

How many mils are in a degree?

17.7 mils

How many norths are there on a military map?

True north
Magnetic north
Grid north

What are the 5 major terrain features?

Hill
Valley
Ridge
Saddle
Depression

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hill

A hill appears as contour lines forming closed circles. The inside of the smallest circle is the hilltop.

valley

A valley is a stretched-out groove in the land. A valley usually has water running through it.

If you are standing in a valley, three directions offer high ground, while the fourth offers low ground.

ridge

A ridge is a sloping line of high ground.

If you are standing on the center of a ridge, you will normally have low ground in three directions and high ground in one direction.

Contour lines forming a ridge tend to be U-shaped or V-shaped. The closed end of the contour line points away from high ground.

Note that a ridgeline is different from a ridge. A ridgeline is the top of the mountain that you see. It's the line connecting the highest points along a ridge.

saddle

A saddle is a dip or low point between two areas of higher ground. A saddle is not necessarily the lower ground between two hilltops. It may be simply a dip or break along a level ridge crest.

depression

A depression is a low point, or hole, in the ground.

What are the three minor terrain features?

Draw
Spur
Cliff

draw

A draw is a less developed stream course than a valley. In a draw, there is essentially no level ground and, therefore, little or no maneuver room within it.

spur

A spur is a short, continuous sloping line of higher ground, normally jutting out from the side of a ridge. A spur is often formed by two roughly parallel streams cutting draws down the side of a ridge.

cliff

A cliff is a vertical or near-vertical feature. It is an abrupt dropoff.

On a map, cliffs are shown by contour lines very close together or touching each other. They may have tick marks pointing to low ground.

What are the two supplementary features?

Cut
Fill

cut

A cut is a man-made feature. It results from cutting through high ground, usually to form a level bed for a road or railroad track.

Cuts are shown on a map when they are at least 10 feet high, and they are drawn with a contour line along the cut line. This contour line extends the length of the cut and has tick marks that extend from the cut line to the roadbed, if the map scale permits this level of detail.

fill

Like the cut, a fill is a man-made feature. It results from filling a low area, usually to form a level bed for a road or railroad track.

On a map, fills are shown on a map when they are at least 10 feet high, and they are drawn with a contour line along the fill line. This contour line extends the length of the filled area and has tick marks that point toward lower ground.

What is a map?

A map is a graphic representation of a portion of the Earth's surface drawn to scale, as seen from above.

What is an azimuth?

A horizontal angle, measured in a clockwise manner from a north base line, expressing direction.

What is a vertical distance?

The distance between the highest and lowest points measured.

What is the distance between grid lines?

1 kilometer

How many mils are in a circle?

6400

Which north is used when using a map, when using a compass?

Grid north when using a map and magnetic north when using a compass.

Name two ways to hold a compass.

Compass-to-cheek method
Center-hold method

What colors are used on a map overlay?

Blue- friendly
Red- enemy
Black- boundaries
Yellow- contaminated area
Green- engineer obstacles

What is a back azimuth?

The opposite direction of an azimuth.

What is a declination diagram?

Shows the angular relationship between magnetic, grid and true north.

What is the general rule for reading military grid coordinates?

Right and up.

What is a benchmark?

A man-made marker showing points of elevation.

The lensatic compass has a bezel ring; each click of the bezel ring equals how many degrees?

3 degrees.

Two ways to orient a map?

Compass
Terrain association

What does FLOT mean?

Forward Line of Troops

What does intersection mean?

Finding a location by the intersection of two azimuths.

What is resection?

Finding your location by using the interaction of two back azimuths from two known points.

What are the four quadrants of a map?

Northeast
Northwest
Southeast
Southwest

What three things are needed to dead reckoning?

Known starting point
Known distance
Known azimuth

What is a polar coordinate?

Plotting a point using an azimuth and a distance from a known starting point.

The border line around the edge of the map is called what?

The neat line.

What is the contour level?

It is the vertical distance between contour lines. It can be found in the marginal information on the map.

What are the types of slopes?

Gentile
Steep
Concave
Convex

How close will a 8 digit grid get you to your point?

10 meters

How close will a 6 digit grid get you to your point?

100 meters

What would you use on a map to measure actual ground distance?

The bar scale

What does MGRS stand for?

Military Grid Reference System

What does UTM stand for?

Universal Transverse Mercator

What does UPS stand for?

Universal Polar Stereographic

What does UGS stand for?

Universal Grid System

What is the UGS?

The combination of the UTM, MGRS, UPS, and USNG (United States National Grid)

The UGS decides the Earth into what?

Grid Zone Designators

What are Grid Zone Designators divided into?

100,000 M Square Identifier

The 100,000 M Square Identifiers are divided into what?

1,000 M Grid Squares