Question: Water molecules have a polarity which allows them to be electrically attracted to the other water molecules and other polar molecules by weak chemical bonds known as

Answer: Hydrogen bonds

==================================================

Question: Many of waters emergent properties such as its cohesion, it’s specific heat, and it’s high heat of vaporization, result from the fact that water molecules

Answer: Are electrically attracted to each other

==================================================

Question: The amount of energy that must be absorbed or lost to raise or lower the temperature of 1g of liquid water by degrees C

Answer: Is 1 calorie

==================================================

Question: Because organisms are made primarily of water, they resist rapid temperature changes. This useful quality is based on water’s

Answer: High specific heat

==================================================

Question: Sodas typically contain sugar, flavorings, coloring agents, and carbon dioxide dissolved in water. The best term to describe this mixture would be

Answer: an aqueous solution

For solutions where water is the solvent, the term “aqueous solution” is used.

==================================================

Question: If the molecular mass of a carbon atom is 12, the mass of a hydrogen atom is 1, and the mass of an oxygen atom is 16 daltons, how many molecules does one mile of sugar contain

Answer: 6.02 x 10^23

==================================================

Question: An acid is a substance that

Answer: Increases the hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution

==================================================

Question: A pH of 6 is how many times more acidic than a pH of 9

Answer: 1000

==================================================

Question: Select the statement that best describes a buffer

Answer: A buffer accepts hydrogen ions when they are in excess and donates hydrogen ions when they have been depleted

==================================================

Question: Most acid precipitation results from the combination of __ with water in the atmosphere forming strong acids that fall with rain or snow

Answer: Sulfer oxides and nitrogen oxides

==================================================

Question: Polar covalent bonds

Answer: Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen so the electrons of the covalent bonds spend more time closer to oxygen than to hydrogen

==================================================

Question: Polar molecule

Answer: Unequal sharing of electrons

==================================================

Question: Cohesion

Answer: Linking together of like molecules

==================================================

Question: Kinetic energy

Answer: The energy of motion

==================================================

Question: Temperature

Answer: A measure of energy that represents the avg. kinetic energy of the molecules in a body of matter, regardless of volume

==================================================

Question: Solution

Answer: Liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances

==================================================

Question: Solvent

Answer: The dissolving agent of a solution

==================================================

Question: Solute

Answer: A substance that is dissolved

==================================================

Question: Hydrophobic

Answer: Substances that are nonionic and nonpolar actually seem to repel water

==================================================

Question: What is the pH of an aqueous solution with the hydronium ion concentration

[H3O+] = 2 x 10-14 M ?

Answer: pH = -log[H3O+] = -log(2x10^-14) = 13.7

With a pH of 13.7, this is a strongly basic solution. Concentrated bases can be quite caustic. For example, concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide (known commonly as lye) reacts with the lipid molecules that make cellular membranes. This quickly destroys the integrity of the membranes and kills cells, causing burns that are just as dangerous as those caused by concentrated acid.

==================================================

Question: Carbonated cola is more acidic than coffee or even orange juice because cola contains phosphoric acid.

What is the molar concentration of [H3O+] in a cola that has a pH of 3.120? (For help with significant figures, see Hint 3.)

Answer: The molar concentration of [H3O+] in a cola with a pH of 3.120 can be calculated this way:

[H3O+]=10−pH

[H3O+]=10−3.120

[H3O+]=7.59×10−4M

Ingestion of large amounts of phosphoric acid found in cola can upset the body’s regulation of bone metabolism and reduce the absorption of calcium from the diet. For this reason, people who are at risk of developing osteoporosis are often advised not to drink much cola.

==================================================

Question: Rank these items from most acidic to least acidic. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.

Answer: [H3O+]=10^-2, ph=3, ph=5, [H3O+]=10^-6, ph=14

The 10-6 M H3O+ solution has a pH of 6, and the 10-2 M H3O+ solution has a pH of 2. The solutions are ranked from most acidic (pH = 2) to most basic (pH = 14).

==================================================