7 Functional Groups

Question: Hydroxyl
Answer: -OH
alcohols
always polar
can form hydrogen bonds w/ H2O molecules
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Question: Carboxyl
Answer: -COOH
carboxylic acids
has acidic properties (source of hydrogen ions)
found in cells in ionized form with charge oh 1⁻
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Question: Carbonyl
Answer: >CO
KETONE if is within skeleton
ALDEHYDE if group is at end of skeleton
K & A may be structural isomers
determines 2 sugars (ketose & aldose)
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Question: Amino
Answer: -NH₂
amines
acts as a base, can pick up H+ ions from surrounding solution
ionized w/ charge of 1⁺
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Question: Methyl
Answer: CH₃
addition of it to RNA/DNA affects gene expression
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Question: Phosphate
Answer: -OPO₃²⁻
organic phosphates
contributes negative charge to molecule it is part of
potential to react w/ H2O
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Question: Sulfhydryl
Answer: -SH
thiols
crosslinking helps stabilize protein structure
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