A Muscle Produces Its Highest Tension When In Complete

Question: A fascicle is a
Answer: group of muscle fibers that are encased in the perimysium
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Question: A muscle produces its highest tension when in complete
Answer: tetanus
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Question: A muscle producing almost peak tension during rapid cycles of contraction and relaxation is said to be in
Answer: incomplete tetanus
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Question: A patient takes a medication that blocks ACh receptors of skeletal muscle fibers. What is this drug's effect on skeletal muscle contraction?
Answer: reduces the muscle's ability for contraction
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Question: A resting muscle generates most of its ATP by
Answer: aerobic metabolism of fatty acids
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Question: A single contraction-relaxation cycle in a muscle fiber produces a(n)
Answer: twitch
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Question: A single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibers it innervates is called a(n)
Answer: motor unit
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Question: A weight-lifter strains to life a heavy weight and there is no movement of the person's arms holding on to the weight. This type of contraction is called a (n) _______ contraction.
Answer: isometric
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Question: A(n) ______ can be described as a broad tendinous sheet.
Answer: aponeurosis
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Question: Active sites become exposed when calcium ions bind to
Answer: troponin
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Question: Active sites on the actin become available for binding after
Answer: calcium binds to troponin
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Question: Aerobic metabolism normally provides ____ percent of the ATP demands of a resting muscle cell.
Answer: 95
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Question: After death, muscle fibers run out of TOP and calcium begins to leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the sarcoplasm. This results in a condition known as
Answer: rigor mortis
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Question: After heavy exercise, if energy reserves in a muscle are depleted, ____ occurs.
Answer: an oxygen debt
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Question: All of the following proteins are part of the thin filaments except
Answer: titin
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Question: An infection by the bacterium Clostridium tetani can cause the disease called
Answer: tetanus
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Question: At each end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of the epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium, come together to form a
Answer: tendon
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Question: At peak levels of muscle exertion the mitochondria can supply
Answer: only about one-third of the energy required by the muscle
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Question: At rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by
Answer: tropomyosin molecules
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Question: At rest, the tropomyosin molecule is held in place by
Answer: troponin molecules
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Question: At what point during excitation contraction coupling does exocytosis play a role?
Answer: during acetylcholine release from the synaptic terminal
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Question: Because skeletal muscle contractions demand large quantities of ATP, skeletal muscles have
Answer: many mitochondria and a rich blood supply
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Question: Communication between axons and muscle fibers occurs at specialized synapses called
Answer: neuromuscular juntions
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Question: Creatine phosphate
Answer: acts as an energy reserve in muscle tissue
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Question: Cross bridge detachment is caused by _____ binding to the myosin head
Answer: ATP
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Question: Cross-bridges are portions of
Answer: myosin molecules
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Question: Decreased blood flow to a muscle could result in all of the following except
Answer: an increase in intracellular glycogen
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Question: During activities requiring endurance,
Answer: most of the muscle's energy is produced in mitochondria
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Question: During anaerobic glycolysis,
Answer: All of the answers are correct
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Question: During the recovery period following exercise, all of the following are true except
Answer: muscle fibers are unable to contract
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Question: During recovery period the body's need for oxygen is increased because
Answer: additional oxygen is required to restore energy reserves
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Question: Each skeletal muscle fiber contains ____ myofibrils
Answer: hundreds to thousands
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Question: Each skeletal muscle fiber is controlled by a motor neuron at a single
Answer: neuromuscular junction
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Question: Each thin filament consists of
Answer: two actin protein strands coiled helically around each other
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Question: Fast fibers
Answer: have low resistance to fatigue and quick twitches
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Question: Fast muscle fibers can adapt to aerobic metabolism by generating more mitochondria in response to
Answer: repeated, exhaustive stimulation
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Question: Where are the myosin molecules located?
Answer: 5
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Answer: mitochondria
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Question: Which structure has pumps to remove calcium ions from the sarcoplasm to produce relaxation?
Answer: 6
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Question: Which of the following are found in the structure labeled "3"?
Answer: All of the answers are correct
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Question: Where would calcium ions be predominately found?
Answer: 9
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Question: Identify the structure where ATP is produced
Answer: 1
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Question: What physiological process occurs in the structure labeled "7"?
Answer: conduction of the action potential into the cell interior
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Question: Identify the structure(s) where ATP is consumed?
Answer: 3 and 6
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Question: What is released from the structure labeled "9"?
Answer: calcium ions
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Question: Which structure contains the motor end plate?
Answer: 2
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Question: To produce a contraction similar to the one in graph (b), the muscle
Answer: must be stimulated again before it has relaxed from the previous stimulation
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Question: What is the contraction in graph (d) called?
Answer: complete tetanus
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Question: Why is there partial relaxation in graph (c)?
Answer: Nerve stimulation frequency is below maximum
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Question: What is thought to happen in a muscle during the response show in graph (a)?
Answer: There is a gradual increase in calcium ion concentration in the sarcoplasm
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Question: What is the contraction in graph (a) called?
Answer: treppe
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Question: Heat energy gained from muscle contraction is released by the _____ system
Answer: integumentary
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Question: How would an elevated level of thyroid hormone in the body affect skeletal muscles?
Answer: It would stimulate energy use and heat production
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Question: How would the loss of acetylcholinesterase from the motor end plact affect skeletal muscle?
Answer: It would cause muscles to stay contracted
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Question: Identify the incorrect statement about a single motor unit.
Answer: The more neurons involved, the more powerful the contraction
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Question: If a second stimulus arrives before the relaxation phase has ended, a second, more powerful contraction occurs. This addition of one twitch to another is called
Answer: wave summation
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Question: IN a sarcomere, cross-bridge attachment occurs specifically in the
Answer: zone of overlap
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Question: In a sarcomere, the central portion of thick filaments are linked laterally by proteins of the
Answer: M line
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Question: In a isotonic contraction,
Answer: muscle tension exceeds the load and the muscle lifts the load
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Question: In response to action potentials arriving along the transverse tubules, the sarcoplasmic reticulum releases
Answer: calcium ions
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Question: In rigor mortis
Answer: All the answers are correct
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Question: In the liver, during the Cori cycle,
Answer: glucose is produced from lactic acid
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Question: In which of the following would the motor units have the fewest muscle fibers?
Answer: muscles that control the eyes
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Question: Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible
Answer: muscle contraction
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Question: Large-diameter, densely packed myofibrils, large glycogen reserves, and few mitochondria are characteristics of
Answer: fast fibers
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Question: Muscle fibers differ from "typical cells" in that muscle fibers
Answer: have many nuclei
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Question: Muscle tissue, one of the four basic tissue groups, consists chiefly of cells that are highly specialized for
Answer: contraction
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Question: Muscles that move the eyeball have ____ fibers
Answer: fast
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Question: Muscular force can be adjusted to match different loads by
Answer: All of the answers are correct
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Question: Nerves and blood vessels that service a muscle fiber are located in the connective tissues of its
Answer: endomysium
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Question: Physical evidence that supports the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction includes
Answer: decreased width of the H band during contraction
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Question: Put the following structures in order from superficial to deep.
1. muscle fiber
2. perimysium
3. myofibril
4. fascicle
5. endomysium
6. epimysium
Answer: 6,2,4,5,1,3
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Question: Receptors for acetylcholine are located on the
Answer: motor end plate
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Question: Since each myofibril is attached at either end of the muscle fiber, when sarcomeres shorten, the muscle fiber
Answer: shortens
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Question: Skeletal muscle fibers are formed from embryonic cells called
Answer: myoblasts
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Question: Stem cells located between the endomysium and sarcolemma that function in the repair of damaged muscle tissue are called
Answer: satellite cells
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Question: Synaptic vesicles contain neurotransmitters that are released by ____ when the action potential arrives
Answer: exocytosis
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Question: The ability of smooth muscle to function over a wide range of lengths is called
Answer: plasticity
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Question: The action potential is conducted into a skeletal muscle fiber by
Answer: transverse tubules
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Question: The advantage of having many nuclei in a skeletal muscle fiber is the ability to
Answer: produce large amounts of muscle proteins
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Question: The area in the center of the A band that contains no thin filaments is the
Answer: H band
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Question: The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n)
Answer: tendon
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Question: The complex of a transverse tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae is known as a
Answer: triad
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Question: The contraction of a muscle exerts a pull on a bone because muscles attach to bones by
Answer: tendons
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Question: The cytoplasm of the neuromuscular terminal contains vesicles filled with molecules of the neurotransmitter
Answer: acetycholine
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Question: The delicate connective tissue tha surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the
Answer: endomysium
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Question: The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the
Answer: epimysium
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Question: The following is a list of the events that occur during a muscle contraction. What is the correct sequence of these events?
1. Myosin corss-bridges bind to the actin
2. The free myosin head splits ATP
3. Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
4. THe myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere
5. Calcium ion binds to troponin
6. The myosin head binds an ATP molecule and detaches from the actin
Answer: 3,5,1,4,6,2
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Question: The increase in muscle tension that is produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called
Answer: recruitment
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Question: The most important factor in decreasing the intracellular concentration of calcium ion after contraction is
Answer: active transport of calcium into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
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Question: The muslce weakness of myasthenia gravis results from
Answer: loss of acetylcholine receptors in the end-place membrane
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Question: The narrow space between the synaptic terminal and the muscle fiber is the
Answer: synaptic cleft
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Question: The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle fiber is called the
Answer: sarcolemma
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Question: The protein that is found in the Z line of a sarcomere is called
Answer: actinin
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Question: The protein that regulates muscle contraction by controlling the availability of active sites on actin is callled
Answer: tropomyosin
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Question: The rapid rise and fall in force produced by a muscle fiber after a single action potential is a(n)
Answer: twitch
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Question: The region of the sarcomere containing the thick filaments is the
Answer: A band
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Question: The region of the sarcomere that always contains thin filaments is the
Answer: I band
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Question: The repeating unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the
Answer: sarcomere
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Question: The sequence of processes that links the action potential to contraction is called
Answer: excitation-contraction coupling
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Question: The series of membranous channels that surround each myofibril is the
Answer: sarcoplasmic reticulum
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Question: The skeletal muscle complex known as the triad consists of
Answer: a transverse tubule and two terminal cisternae
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Question: The structural theory that explains how a muscle fiber contracts is called the ____ theory
Answer: sliding filament
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Question: The type of contraction in which the muscle fibers do not shorten is called
Answer: isometric
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Question: The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the _____ fiber
Answer: slow
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Question: Thick filaments are made of the protein
Answer: myosin
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Question: Thin filament are mostly made of the protein
Answer: actin
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Question: Triggering of the muscle action potential occurs after
Answer: acetylcholine binds to chemically-gated channels in the motor end plate
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Question: When a muscle is stimulated repeatedly at a high rate, the amount of tension gradually increases to a steady maximum tension. This state of maximum tension is called
Answer: complete tetanus
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Question: When a skeletal muscle fiber contracts, the
Answer: zones of overlap get larger
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Question: When acetylcholine binds to receptors at the motor end plate, the sarcolemma becomes
Answer: more permeable to sodium ions
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Question: When calcium ion binds to troponin,
Answer: tropomyosin rolls away from the active site
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Question: When comparing slow muscle fibers to fast muscle fibers, slow fibers
Answer: All of the answers are correct
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Question: Which of the following acts as an ATPase during the contraction cycle of muscle?
Answer: the head portion of the myosin molecule
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Question: Which of the following become connected by myosin cross-bridges during muscle contraction?
Answer: Thin filaments and thick filaments
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Question: Which of the following hormones directly stimulates growth of muscle tissue, leading the increased muscle mass?
Answer: tesosterone
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Question: Which of the following is a recognized function of skeletal muscle?
Answer: All of the answers are correct
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Question: Which of the following is not a function of smooth muscle tissue?
Answer: forcing blood from the heart into the major arteries
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Question: Which of the following is not characteristic of smooth muscle?
Answer: The striations are due to the orderly arrangement of actin and myosin
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Question: Which of the following statements about excitation-contraction coupling is incorrect?
Answer: Calcium ions travel through the transverse tubule
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Question: Which of the following statements about the microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle fibers is false?
Answer: The net-like sarcoplasmic reticulum surrounds each myofilament
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Question: Which of the following statements is/are false regarding human muscles?
Answer: Slow fibers are abundant in the muscles of the hand
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Question: Which of the following statements is false?
Answer: Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle stimulation is neural
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Question: Which of the following types of muscle fibers are best adapted for prolonged contraction such as standing all day?
Answer: Slow fibers
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Question: Which of the following would not lead to increased oxygen consumption?
Answer: Increased anaerobic respiration by muscle cells
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Question: Which of the following best describes the term Z line?
Answer: Thin filaments are anchored here
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Question: Which of the following best describes the term sarcomere?
Answer: Repeating unit of striated myofibrils
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Question: Which of the following best describes the term sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Answer: Storage and release site for calcium ions
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Question: Which of the following best describes the term titin?
Answer: Protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle
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Question: You try to pick up an object and discover that it is much heavier than you expected. Which process must occur in the muscle to increase tension so you can pick up the object?
Answer: Recruitment
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Question: Where would calcium ions be predominately found?
Answer: 9
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