Question: weathering

Answer: The surface process that slowly disintegrates and decomposes rock is called

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Question: true

Answer: t or f- Compaction and cementation are two common steps or processes of lithification.

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Question: false

Answer: t or f- The process called weathering, whereby magma cools, solidifies, and forms igneous rocks, may take place either beneath the surface, following a volcanic eruption, or at the surface.

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Question: weather

Answer: Metamorphic rocks exposed at the surface will most likely

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Question: false

Answer: t or f- The Rock Cycle involves only components of the Geosphere.

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Question: external

Answer: __________ processes produce sedimentary rocks.

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Question: deposits of loose material

Answer: Sediments are best defined as

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Question: metamorphism

Answer: Environmental conditions of heat and pressure are most likely associated with

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Question: true

Answer: t or f-Over time, magma will crystallize to form igneous rocks.

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Question: magma

Answer: Molten material found inside Earth is called

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Question: They may have different textures.

Answer: Why can two igneous rocks have the same minerals but different names?

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Question: false

Answer: t or f-The most common extrusive igneous rock is granite.

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Question: false

Answer: t or f-Igneous rocks are the rock type most likely to contain fossils.

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Question: obsidian

Answer: Quenching of molten material is an important step in the formation of igneous rocks such as

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Question: true

Answer: t or f-Granite exhibits a coarse-grained texture.

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Question: texture and mineral composition

Answer: Igneous rocks are classified by

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Question: true

Answer: t or f- The size of mineral crystals in igneous rocks is greatly influenced by the rate of magma cooling.

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Question: felsic

Answer: Igneous rocks that contain the last minerals to crystallize from magma and consist mainly of feldspars and quartz are said to have a ____________ composition.

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Question: carbon

Answer: Which one of the following is not a primary element found in magma?

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Question: false

Answer: t or f- Magma is exactly the same as lava.

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Question: crystallization

Answer: The process that results as the random movement of ions slows and the ions come to rest organized within a pattern is called

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Question: magmatic differentiation

Answer: The formation of one or more secondary magmas from a single parent magma is best called

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Question: sedimentary rocks

Answer: The great majority of rocks exposed at Earth's surface are of which type?

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Question: true

Answer: t or f-Separating strata are bedding planes, flat surfaces along which rocks tend to separate or break.

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Question: angular

Answer: Particles transported short distances from their source will most likely be

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Question: sandstone

Answer: Which of the following cannot be an example of biochemical sedimentary rock?

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Question: true

Answer: t or f-Pore space in loose sediment is reduced over time through compaction and cementation.

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Question: tidal flats

Answer: Mud cracks are most closely associated with

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Question: true

Answer: t or f-The sand-sized particles of red sandstone are most likely cemented with iron oxide.

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Question: true

Answer: t or f- Bituminous coal is considered a chemical sedimentary rock.

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Question: true

Answer: t or f- Chemical precipitates can form as water evaporates.

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Question: clay

Answer: Detrital particles are predominantly quartz and

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Question: foliated

Answer: The alignment of mineral crystals with a preferred orientation in a metamorphic rock that gives the rock a layered or banded appearance is referred to as a ____________ texture.

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Question: false

Answer: t or f- When subjected to high pressure, shale will change to marble.

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Question: true

Answer: t or f-The most important agent of metamorphism is heat.

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Question: geothermal gradient

Answer: Changes in the temperature of the Solid Earth with increasing depth is known as

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Question: false

Answer: t or f-Confining pressures are responsible for regional metamorphism.

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Question: change in composition

Answer: Metamorphism by chemically active fluids are most likely to result in

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Question: true

Answer: t or f-Regional metamorphism is the result of differential stress.

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Question: true

Answer: t or f-Some of the most important accumulations of metals such as gold, silver, and copper are produced by igneous and metamorphic processes.

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Question: true

Answer: t or f-Carbon-rich deposits can be converted to fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

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Question: false

Answer: t or f- Shale is often used for billiard tables because of the good rock cleavage.

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Question: heavy crystals settle to the bottom of the magma chamber

Answer: Important metallic ore deposits can form when

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Question: veins

Answer: Deposits of material, including metallic minerals, from fluids moving through fractures or along bedding planes are called

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Question: disemminated

Answer: Important metallic minerals, such as gold and copper, are sometime distributed in trace amounts throughout the whole rock in a ____________deposit.

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Question: true

Answer: t or f-Nonmetallic resources are often classified according to their use as building materials or industrial minerals.

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Question: shale, sandstone, conglomerate

Answer: list the names of the most common sedimentary rock.

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Question: strata (or beds), fossils, ripple marks, mud cracks

Answer: list the common features of sedimentary rock.

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Question: heat (provides energy to drive the reactions that result in the recrystallization of minerals), pressure/stress, and chemically active fluids

Answer: describe the agents of metamorphism

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Question: foliated- slate, schist, gneiss. nonfoliated- marble, quartzite

Answer: list the names and textures of the most common metamorphic rocks.

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Question: produced by igneous and metamorphic processes. vein deposits and disseminated deposits are produced from hydrothermal solutions

Answer: discuss metallic mineral resources

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Question: mined for elements that they contain for physical and chemical properties they possess. two groups are building materials and industrial materials

Answer: describe nonmetallic mineral resources

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Question: rock cycle

Answer: illustrates the origin of the three basic rock types and the role of geologic processes in one rock type into another.

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Question: it allows us to view many interrelationships among different parts of the earth system. it helps us understand how each type of rock is linked to the other

Answer: why is the rock cycle a good illustration of the earth system?

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Question: forms as magma cools and solidifies either beneath or at earth's surface

Answer: describe the formation of igneous rocks

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Question: lithified products of weathering

Answer: describe the formation of sedimentary rocks

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Question: form from igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks that are subjected to heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids

Answer: describe the formation of metamorphic rocks

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Question: magma is molten rock beneath the surface and lava is molten rock on the surface

Answer: whats the difference between magma and lava

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Question: as magma cools in a laboratory , certain minerals crystallize fist at very high temperatures

Answer: what discovery did NL Bowen make about the formation of minerals in cooling magma?

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Question: olivine and quartz

Answer: according to bowens reaction series which mineral is the first to form? last to form?

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Question: compaction, cementation

Answer: what are two processes that cause sediment to be lithified into solid sedimentary rock?

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Question: made of a wide variety of mineral and rock fragments, ex sandstone

Answer: describe detrital sedimentary rocks and give an example

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Question: derived from material that is carried in solution to lakes and seas, precipitates to form chemical sediments ex limestone

Answer: describe chemical sedimentary rocks and give an example

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Question: particle size

Answer: what is used to subdivide detrital sedimentary rocks

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Question: mineral composition

Answer: what basis is used to subdivide the chemical sedimentary rocks

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Question: limestone

Answer: what is the most abundant chemical sedimentary rock?

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Question: 90% of limestone is biochemical sediment, the rest precipitates directly from seawater

Answer: what are the two origins of sedimentary rocks?

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Question: fossils

Answer: traces of remains of prehistoric life

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Question: they help to interpret past environments, time indicator, and they match rocks from different places that are the same age

Answer: how are fossils helpful?

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Question: mafic

Answer: dark

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Question: felsic

Answer: light

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Question: foliated

Answer: results from the alignment of mineral crystals with a preferred orientation giving a metamorphic rock a layered of band appearance, ex. slate

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Question: nonfoliated

Answer: generally equidimensional and not aligned, ex. marble

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Question: 1. crystallization 2. igneous rock 3. weathering, transporting, deposition 4. sediment 5. lithification 6. sedimentary 7. metamorphism 8. metamorphic 9. melting

Answer: name the steps of the rock cycle

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