Question: Define civil engineering.

Answer: A civil engineer designs things that are used by the public, such as railroads and bridges.

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Question: Define architecture.

Answer: Architectures design private structures such as houses.

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Question: Describe the origination of the concept of architecture?

Answer: Architecture first appeared when humans turned towards agriculture and required houses when they settled down in one place.

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Question: In ancient times how were building materials chosen?

Answer: Building materials were chosen based on what was available and what would fit the climate of the area.

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Question: Give two examples of vernacular architecture.

Answer: Native Alaskans and others who lived near the Artic regions lived in igloos because ice was a plentiful building material that insulated heat.

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Question: Name and describe the type of system used to create many early buildings.

Answer: Post and lintel type construction was used to create many early buildings. Pillars were used to support a bar on top.

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Question: What was the purpose of the Egyptian pyramids? Mexican pyramids?

Answer: Egyptian pyramids were used as tombs for dead pharaohs. Mexican pyramids were used for sacrifices.

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Question: What kind of construction method was used to build the Parthenon? Made a simple sketch to illustrate.

Answer: Post and lintel was used. Pillars held up the beam to create entrance-like openings.

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Question: What problem in architecture led to this form of construction?

Answer: The desire for bigger heights led to this form of building.

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Question: Explain how an arch is created.

Answer: Stones were placed in a curved structure with a key stone on top.

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Question: How is the vault used in civil engineering?

Answer: Arches were placed next to one another.

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Question: Give an example of an arch and dome system.

Answer: Arches and domes had a keystone on top to support the circular structure.

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Question: Give an example of a modern material we have that was not available to the ancients. How did this restrict construction in ancient times?

Answer: In modern times, steel and reinforced concrete was invented.

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Question: What was the purpose of the Roman aqueducts?

Answer: They were used to transport clean water to cities and other densely populated areas.

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Question: Compare ancient Greek roads to ancient Roman roads.

Answer: Roman roads were layered to make it last longer. They were more durable and vast.

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Question: Describe an ancient Roman bridge.

Answer: Bridges had arches to support the walkway.

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Question: How did building materials and methods change after the Romans?

Answer: Iron and steel were created because it was lighter and stronger.

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