Question: Image: Carbon

Answer: A chemical element, in Co2, carbon monoxide, it is a necessary element for organisms to live- atomic number is 6. This is found in coal.

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Question: Example: Chirality

Answer: Your left and right hands are an example of chirality, they are mirror images but they are not identical.

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Question: Compare and Contrast: Dehydration Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis

Answer: Dehydration synthesis occurs when there is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of a water molecule from the reacting molecule. Dehydration reactions are a subset of condensation reactions. Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction where the interaction of a compound with water. Dehydration synthesis occurs when two compounds are being taken out (H20) and hydrolysis is when H20 is put back into the substance.

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Question: Compare Contrast: Polysaccharide and Monosaccharide

Answer: Polysachharide are large molecules that are formed by monosachharide, and monosachharides are just simple sugar molecules. These are in polysachharides, and polysachharides contain monosachharides.

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Question: Image: Glucose

Answer: Glucose is a simple sugar found in plants, an important energy source, which is a component of many carbohydrates.

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Question: Image: Proteins

Answer: Proteins are macromolecules that contain C,H,N,O, and are used in body to repair and build muscle- and for growing

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Question: Compare/Contrast: Carboxyl Group vs. Hydroxyl Group

Answer: A carboxyl group is consisting of carbonyl group (C=0) with a hydroxyl group (O-H) attached to the same carbon atom. A hydroxyl group bonded covalently to the carbon of a carbonyl group (-C=0) and produces a carboxyl group (-COOH) that is the defining group of a carboxylic acid. When the -OH group participates in an ionic bond, (-OH-) anion is called the "hydroxide" ion.

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Question: Definition: Benedict's Reagent

Answer: A chemical solution that changes color in the presence of glucose and other reducing sugars (used in clinical urine tests for diabetes). It is a mixture of sodium potassium, citrate, sodium carbonate, and copper sulfate.

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Question: Image: Fatty Acids

Answer: Fatty acids are a group of a long chain of hydrocarbon derived from the breakdown of fats (through a process called hyrdolysis). It has a single carboxylic group and aliphatic tail.

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Question: Example: Tetravalent

Answer: Carbon is a tetravalent because it has a valence (relative combing capacity of an atom) of four.

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Question: Example: Functional Groups

Answer: Alkane is a chemical with a predictable interactoion of hydrogen molecules and carbon molecules.

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Question: Image: Carbohydrate

Answer: Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body. Bread contains carbohydrates.

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Question: Compare and Contrast: Alpha glycosidic linkage and Beta glycosidic linkage

Answer: Alpha glycosidic linkage is the linkage where many-hundreds- of glucose units form starches, and beta glycosidic linkage is the linkage where equal numbers of glucose are used to form cellulose, which one cannot digest. The linkages are both linkages, but when you can see them they go opposite ways, and beta makes cellulose and alpha makes starch.

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Question: Image: Lactose

Answer: Formed by linkage of glucose and galactose, you need lactose to break apart linkage- not sweet

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Question: Image: Amino Acids

Answer: Contains carboxyl and amine functional groups which are parts of amino acids that get linked together, you need 20 amino acids to live properly. The image above is one of 20 amino acids one needs, which is phenylalanine.

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Question: Compare and Contrast: Dipeptide vs. Polypeptide

Answer: Dipeptide are two monomers joined by removing hydrogen from one amine group and a hydroxide ion from hydroxide ion from the carboxyl group of another atom, one water molecule is formed. Polypetptides are long chains of amino acids that make proteins, whereas a dipeptide contains two amino acid residues.

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Question: Definition: Lugol's Solution

Answer: A brown solution of iodine and potassium iodide in water or alcohol that are used in medicine.

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Question: Compare Contrast: Saturated vs. Unsaturated

Answer: Saturated fats contain single bonds which are stronger than the double or triple bonds unsaturated fats have. Saturated fats also contain carbon atoms bonded to four other atoms via single bonds. Saturated fats tend to be solid and dense, like butter, but unsaturated fats tend to be liquids or oils, like margarine, and often come from plants or aquatic animals.

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Question: Definition: Triglyceride

Answer: An energy-rich compound (an ester) made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid, and serves as a major component of animal and plant oils and fat

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Question: Definition: Electronegativity

Answer: Measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons. The Pauling scale is the most commonly used.

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Question: Definition: Polymerization

Answer: Process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains of three-dimensional networks.

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Question: Example: Dissaccharide

Answer: "Double sugars" -Maltose. Maltose has two sugars, glucose and glucose. It is formed by dehydration synthesis between monosaccharides.

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Question: Example: Monomer

Answer: Glucose is a monomer because it can combine to form the polymer cellulose. A monomer is a small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

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Question: Example: Dimer

Answer: Dicyclopentadiene is an asymmetrical dimer of two cyclopentadiene molecules that have reacted in a Diels-Alder reaction to give the product. A dimer is the resultant of molecules brought together.

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Question: Compare Contrast: Peptide Linkages vs. Ester Linkages

Answer: A peptide linkage is a covalent bond formed between two amino acids and an ester linkage is a strong bond that is formed between water and alcohol, these are both bonds between two atoms but they are different because they are using different substances.

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Question: Example: Lipids

Answer: Meat fat is a lipid. It is non-polar, and is comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, the ratio of H:O is greater than 2:1, and they are used in the body for storing things long-term. They are comprised of three fatty acid monomers linked to a glycerol molecule. Meat fat does this.

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Question: Image: Sudan IV

Answer: This is the color of Sudan IV, which is a dye used for the staining of lipids.

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Question: Example: Isomerization

Answer: N-butane is transformed into isobutane, and that is when the components of N-butane are moved around and form isobutane, they have the same components, just in a different structure.

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Question: Image: Starch

Answer: Potatoes contain starch, which is a polysaccharide that functions as a carbohydrate store- is important to have in the human diet.

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Question: Definition: Amine Groups

Answer: amine is an organic compound containing nitrogen; any of a group of compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals.

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Question: Biuret Reagant

Answer: This color violet is made when testing for peptides using the biuret reagant, and when there are peptides, the color of the alkaline solution turns violet.

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Question: Example: Glycerol

Answer: In anifreeze, there is a sweet, colorless liquid that is usually obtained by the saponification of natural fats and oils, called glycerol

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Question: Example: Esterification

Answer: A reaction of an alcohol with an acid to produce ester and water, like with alkanol and alkonic acid this happens

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