Question: During a home visit, an older adult male client mentions that he has experienced an increase in the frequency of urination at night. Which condition should the nurse discuss as a possible factor related to increased urinary elimination at night? (Select all that apply.)
A. Oliguria
B. Nocturia
C. Infection
D. Residual urine
E. Recognition of bladder fullness

Answer: B. Nocturia
C. Infection
D. Residual urine

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Question: A breastfeeding mother of a 2-month-old infant is concerned that her son defecates too frequently. Which response by the nurse should address this mother's concern?
A. "Feces containing less water may be difficult for infants to expel."
B. "Frequent bowel movements can occur with breastfeeding."
C. "The increased frequency in defecation means your baby is at risk of weight loss."
D. "Your baby should be able to control defecation by now."

Answer: B. "Frequent bowel movements can occur with breastfeeding."

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Question: The father of a 3-year-old boy is concerned that his child still wets the bed at night. Which explanation by the nurse is most appropriate regarding bedwetting?
A. "Children often achieve daytime bladder control prior to nighttime control."
B. "Sometimes children experience nocturia."
C. "By 24 months, children are capable of holding urine beyond the urge to void."
D. "Oliguria is not uncommon in children."

Answer: A. "Children often achieve daytime bladder control prior to nighttime control."

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Question: The daughter of a wheelchair-bound older adult client is concerned because her mother has been experiencing urinary incontinence. Which statement should the nurse use to explain the condition to the daughter?
A. "The kidneys reach maximum size at ages 35 to 40."
B. "Mobility issues may cause urinary incontinence."
C. "Renal blood flow and ability to concentrate urine decrease in older adults."
D. "The frequency of voiding varies in older adults and may cause urinary incontinence."

Answer: B. "Mobility issues may cause urinary incontinence."

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Question: The nurse educator is planning a presentation on involuntary urinary elimination for a group of new nurse graduates. The nurse educator should include which condition related to the types of involuntary urinary elimination? (Select all that apply.)
A. Anuria
B. Oliguria
C. Enuresis
D. Impaction
E. Incontinence

Answer: C. Enuresis
E. Incontinence

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Question: The nurse should anticipate conducting which assessment when preparing to provide care for a client experiencing alterations in bowel function? (Select all that apply.)
A. Client interview
B. Skin assessment
C. Renal assessment
D. Abdominal assessment
E. Inguinal area assessment

Answer: A. Client interview
B. Skin assessment
D. Abdominal assessment
E. Inguinal area assessment

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Question: The nurse is caring for a client who has a positive fecal test for occult blood. The nurse should anticipate which collaborative activity to further identify the cause of the client's problem?
A. Colonoscopy
B. Cystoscopy
C. Direct rectal examination (DRE)
D. Ultrasonic bladder scan

Answer: A. Colonoscopy

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Question: The nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing lower abdominal pain. Which abnormal finding requires the nurse to evaluate further?
A. Palpable bladder after urination
B. Absence of tenderness on kidney palpation
C. Absence of bruits over the renal arteries
D. Midline urinary meatus

Answer: A. Palpable bladder after urination
Rationale: Normally, the bladder isn't palpable over the pubic bone, especially if the client has just urinated.

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Question: A nurse is caring for a young woman with a suspected urinary tract infection (UTI). Which finding should confirm the nurse's suspicion?
A. pH of 9.2
B. Specific gravity of 1.012
C. Three white blood cells (WBCs) per low-powered field
D. Clear urine

Answer: A. pH of 9.2

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Question: A nurse is assessing a client who is complaining of black stools. About which medication that the client might be taking should the nurse inquire?
A. Antacids
B. Iron supplements
C.Antibiotics
D. Stool softener

Answer: B. Iron supplements

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Question: During an office visit, a client reports infrequent and difficult bowel movements. Which teaching topic should the nurse include when developing the client's plan of care? (Select all that apply.)
A. The importance of staying active
B. The use of laxatives or stool softeners
C. The importance of cooking and storing food correctly
D. The importance of consuming adequate amounts of fluid and fiber
E. The avoidance of raw fruit, vegetables, and meat when traveling abroad

Answer: A. The importance of staying active
B. The use of laxatives or stool softeners
D. The importance of consuming adequate amounts of fluid and fiber

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Question: The nurse should encourage the client to consume how much fluid each day to promote healthy bowel movements?
A. 1000-2000 mL
B. 3000-4000 mL
C. 2000-3000 mL
D. 4000-5000 mL

Answer: C. 2000-3000 mL

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Question: A nurse is preparing a client for colonoscopy. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the instructions?
A. "I will have to refrain from eating the night before and morning of the procedure."
B. "I will have to take a series of laxatives for one week before the procedure."
C. "I will have a large glass of water on the morning of the procedure."
D. "I may need an enema after the procedure has been completed."

Answer: A. "I will have to refrain from eating the night before and morning of the procedure."

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Question: When caring for a client with severe dehydration, the nurse should ensure which results are documented?
A. Oxygen saturation
B. Respiratory rate
C. Intake/output
D. Catheter care

Answer: C. Intake/output

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Question: A nurse is mentoring a new graduate nurse about caring for a Foley catheter. Which action by the new graduate nurse requires immediate intervention?
A. The nurse puts on a pair of non-sterile gloves before inserting the Foley catheter.
B. The nurse provides regular perineal care.
C. The nurse checks the collection system to ensure that it has remained closed.
D. The nurse washes hands before donning gloves.

Answer: A. The nurse puts on a pair of non-sterile gloves before inserting the Foley catheter.

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Question: The nurse is preparing to provide a newly prescribed laxative medication to a client with chronic constipation. Which should the nurse assess prior to administering the medication? (Select all that apply)
A. The client's fluid and electrolyte balance
B. Whether the client has recently had abdominal surgery
C. The client's blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine values
D. Whether the client has been experiencing nausea, vomiting, or cramps
E. Preventive measures for constipation to avoid overdependence on laxatives

Answer: B. Whether the client has recently had abdominal surgery
D. Whether the client has been experiencing nausea, vomiting, or cramps
E. Preventive measures for constipation to avoid overdependence on laxatives

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Question: The home health nurse is caring for a client with recent and ongoing urinary incontinence. The nurse should arrange for which type of referral?
A. Medical supply company
B. Social worker
C. Psychologist
D. Physical therapist

Answer: A. Medical supply company

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Question: A nurse has noticed a significant rise in catheter-associated infections on the medical floor and is designing a series of new initiatives to help reduce their occurrence. Which current practice should the nurse consider a priority to address with the staff on the medical floor?
A. Placement of Foley catheters in all admitted bed-bound clients
B. Use of ultrasound to assess bladder volume instead of intermittent catheterization
C. Foley catheters being changed only as needed
D. Refusal of healthcare providers to order routine bladder irrigation

Answer: A. Placement of Foley catheters in all admitted bed-bound clients

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Question: The nurse is assessing a client who presents with abdominal distention and cramping, vomiting, and inability to pass gas. The nurse should prepare for which collaborative intervention?
A. Insertion of a nasogastric tube
B. Removal of a fecal impaction
C. Insertion of a Foley tube
D. Administration of an enema

Answer: A. Insertion of a nasogastric tube

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Question: The nurse is caring for a client in the emergency department who is complaining of severe gas pain. The nurse should anticipate the administration of which medication to the client?
A. Antidiarrheal agent, such as loperamide
B.Stool softener, such as ducosate sodium
C.Antiflatuent, such as simethicone
D. Bulk-forming agent, such as methylcellulose

Answer: C.Antiflatuent, such as simethicone

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