RBT Practice Exam
1. What is a multiple relationship?
Working with two clients at the same time
Working with two different clients
Having two different relationships with one client
Working with a client in the community and clinic settings
Answer: Having two different relationships with one client
2. Which of the following is part of the RBT ethical code?
Be compassionate for the less fortunate
Be truthful and honest
Resolve all issues formally
If there is an issue, file a formal complaint immediately
Answer: Be truthful and honest
3. A client gives you a bottle opener from their birthday party. What does the ethical code say you should do?
Refuse the gift and send a letter home that forbids future gifting.
Accept and use in front of them to make them feel good.
Politely decline and explain to them/ their parents the nature of your professional relationship.
Throw it away immediately.
Answer: Politely decline and explain to them/ their parents the nature of your professional relationship.
4. What should you do if you are arrested for a minor marijuana charge?
Report to BACB within 24 hours
Do not report; this is not a fireable offense and your credential with remain in tact
Provide 2 weeks notice to employer
Report to BACB within 30 days
Answer: Report to BACB within 30 days
5. Which is considered confidential information per the BACB ethical code?
Information about a client that can be found online
Information about the people that RBT works with
Written records
Electronic records
All of the above
Answer: All of the above
6. If you are not providing direct ABA services and are having a fun Friday, what should you do?
Do not make reference to, display, or otherwise use your RBT
Explain to parents that ABA was being performed under their RBT credential
Display your RBT certificate when requested
Bill since you have the RBT credetial
Answer: Do not make reference to, display, or otherwise use your RBT
7. Your supervisor requests that you work with a new client who has behaviors you have never encountered. What should you do?
Refuse as you lack experience in this type of behavior
Request more training from supervising BCBA
Accept since you are contractually obligated
Politely decline
Answer: Request more training from supervising BCBA
8. Which antecedent increases or decreases the value of a consequence?
Abolishing Operation
Establishing Operation
Motivating Operation
SD
Answer: Motivating Operation
9. You are recording the time it takes from the presentation of the demand (Sd) to the first instance of behavior. What are you measuring?
Frequency
Duration
Latency
Inter-response time
Answer: Latency
10. How long the behavior occurs refers to what measurement dimension?
Duration
Momentary time sampling
Latency
Tally/ Count
Answer: Duration
11. John is recording data on aggression by counting the number of scratches left on his body after a session. What kind of measurement is this?
Duration
Time sampling
Continuous measurement
Permanent product
Answer: Permanent product
12. Escape, attention, tangible, sensory
Functions of behavior
Teaching strategies
Types of prompts
Dimensions of ABA
Answer: Functions of behavior
13. Determined by ABC Data
Prompt level
Duration
Function
Inter-response time
Answer: Function
14. The breakdown of a task into its individual components and steps.
Discrete trial
Forward chaining
Stimulus control
Task analysis
Answer: Task analysis
15. Signals that reinforcement is available.
Sd
Sdelta
SR-
VR-3
Answer: Sd
16. Examples are food, water, sex, sleep.
Secondary reinforcement
Primary reinforcement
Sd
Consequence of behavior
Answer: Primary reinforcement
17. Examples are money and tokens.
Primary reinforcement
Conditioned reinforcer
Economic reinforcement
Fiscal considerations
Answer: Conditioned reinforcer
18. Increases the future likelihood of behavior.
Punishment
Motivation
Rewards
Reinforcement
Answer: Reinforcement
19. Adding a stimulus which increases the future likelihood of behavior.
Positive reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
Negative punishment
Answer: Positive reinforcement
20. Verbal behavior with point-to-point correspondence.
Mand
Tact
Intraverbal
Echoic
Answer: Echoic
21. Removing a stimulus which decreases the future likelihood of behavior.
Positive reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
Negative punishment
Answer: Negative reinforcement
22. Reinforcement is delivered on the average of every 2 minutes in which the behaviors occur.
FI-2
FR-2
VI-2
VR-2
Answer: VI-2
23. What are the four functions of behavior?
Toys, Edibles, Praise, and Aversion
Sensory, Escape, Attention, and Tangibles
Sensory Overload, Non-Compliance, Aggression, and Compliance
Automatic Sensory, Automatic Positive, and Social Negative
Answer: Sensory, Escape, Attention, and Tangibles
24. Verbal behavior of requesting
Mand
Tact
Echoic
Intraverbal
Answer: Mand
25. Removing a stimulus which decreases the future likelihood of behavior.
Positive reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
Negative punishment
Answer: Negative punishment
26. Tilda finished her session after being supervised by her BCBA. During the session, she recorded data on a paper data collection sheet. While she was cleaning up, she spilled a cup of coffee all over her data sheet, making it completely illegible.
What should Tilda do? Her company has strict policies regarding staff who fail to properly enter data at the end of a shift!
Tilda should not record any data for that session – that would be unethical. No further action (such as contacting her supervisor) is necessary – if a supervisor sees no data collected, they automatically know that coffee was spilled on the paper data sheet due to their experience with coffee and paper in the past.
Tilda should try her best to estimate the client’s performance on each skill target. After all, it wasn’t that long ago – she can probably remember everything alright.
Tilda should notify her supervisor of the mishap and try to prevent such a fiasco in the future – perhaps by using mechanical or digital data collection systems.
Tilda should submit the coffee-stained paper data sheet to her supervisor during the next supervision session and resign.
Answer: Tilda should notify her supervisor of the mishap and try to prevent such a fiasco in the future – perhaps by using mechanical or digital data collection systems.
27. What occurs before the behavior?
Antecedent
Response
Behavior
Consequence
Answer: Antecedent
28. Example, “do this.”
Sd
DRA
Sdelta
SR+
Answer: Sd
29. What occurs after the behavior?
Antecedent
Behavior
Response
Consequence
Answer: D. Consequence
30. Tammy is a BCBA working at a behavior analysis clinic. She is creating a flyer for an exciting workshop event at her clinic, and wants to share it with all the families currently receiving behavior analysis services, so she mass emails (cc – carbon copy) the entire roster of active patients at her facilty. What, if anything, is wrong with this situation?
This is fine and permitted by the BACB, within reason
CC (carbon copy) reveals the names of people who are receiving behavior analysis services without getting their consent first, which violates HIPPA, as revealing the name of someone receiving mental health services is protected healthcare information.
Generally speaking, behavior analysis is not a “medical” field and therefore not required to respect privacy as federally mandated by the HIPAA act. However, this type of behavior is considered somewhat “unclassy.”
Sam should avoid sending out mass emails, as it’s very tacky
Answer :B. CC (carbon copy) reveals the names of people who are receiving behavior analysis services without getting their consent first, which violates HIPPA, as revealing the name of someone receiving mental health services is protected healthcare information.
31. Tim, a BCBA, always writes his procedures in clear and concise terms so that his staff (and families, too!) can easily understand what is meant by his procedures. He provides complete and full definitions, and avoids using overly specific jargon when the person(s) who will be reading or implementing his procedures are laypersons.
Of the 7 Dimensions of ABA (as originally described by Baer, D., Wolf, M., & Risley, R., 1968), which of the following does the above most closely describe?
Applied
Behavioral
Technological
Conceptually Systematic
Answer : CTechnological
32. Start with most intrusive prompt.
Forward chaining
Backwards chaining
Most to least prompting
Least to most prompting
Answer :C. Most to least prompting
33. Reinforcing gradual changes in behavior.
Chaining
Shaping
Prompting
Reinforcing
Answer :B. Shaping
34. Teaching a task analysis by teaching the first step first.
Forward chaining
Prompting
Backwards chaining
Fading
Answer : A.Forward chaining
35. Start with least intrusive prompt.
Forward chaining
Backwards chaining
Least to most prompting
Most to least prompting
Answer : A Forward chaining
36. Teaching the entire task analysis at once
Total task presentation
Single task presentation
Discriminative stimulus
Forward chaining
Answer : A. Total task presentation
37. Reinforcement provided on the average of every 5 correct responses
VR-5
VI-5
FR-5
FI-5
Answer : A. VR-5
38. Reinforcement provided every 2 minutes in which behavior occurred.
VI-2
VR-2
FR-2
FI-2
Answer : D .FI-2
39. Reinforcement provided every 10 minutes that behavior occurs.
FI-10
FR-10
VI-10
VR-10
Answer: A. FI-10
40. MSWO
Multiple stimulus with replacement
Multiple stimulus without replacement
Multiple stimulus with operates
Multiple settings with replacement
Answer:B. Multiple stimulus without replacement
41. FBA
free behavior assessment
functional behavior assessment
function of behavior analysis
Freudian behavior assessment
Answer:B. functional behavior assessment
42. You provide reinforcement to your client for clapping, and ignore him when he hits.
Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
Differential reinforcement for lower rats of behavior
Differential reinforcement of other behavior
Answer: B. Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
43. Reinforcing progressively lower response rates.
Differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior
Differential reinforcement of lower rates of behavior
Differential reinforcement of other behavior
Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
Answer:B. Differential reinforcement of lower rates of behavior
44. Reinforcing progressively increasing rates of behavior.
Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
Differential reinforcement of other behavior
Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
Differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior
Answer: D. Differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior
45. Which of the following examples below is an example of a VARIABLE RATIO schedule of reinforcement?
Grandma loves the slots in Vegas! On average, every 30th pull of the slot machine results in a small cash payout. Sometimes the payout occurs on the 15th pull… sometimes on the 45th… but, on average, payout occurs every 30 pulls on the slot machine. Grandma can’t wait to hit the jackpot someday!
Every time Billy screams, his mother punishes him by taking away his toys for the night
Tim gives his students a treat from the candy jar every time they get a 100% on their tests
Individuals who pass the RBT exam are given a $50 bonus on their next pay check at ACME ABA company.
Answer: A. Grandma loves the slots in Vegas! On average, every 30th pull of the slot machine results in a small cash payout. Sometimes the payout occurs on the 15th pull… sometimes on the 45th… but, on average, payout occurs every 30 pulls on the slot machine. Grandma can’t wait to hit the jackpot someday!
46. Withholding reinforcement for a target response
Variable reinforcement
Extinction
Punishment
Reinforcement schedule
Answer: B. Extinction
47. Sometimes, behavior analysts will break down a complex chain of behaviors into smaller discrete steps to facilitate teaching. The learner will then be taught to complete the steps in their logical order, with the completion of the previous step serving as the reinforcer for that step and the discriminative stimulus (SD) for the next step. Finally, the last step in the chain (terminal step) serves as the reinforcer for the whole chain.
What is this called?
Task Analysis
Task Step
Task Endurance
Task Sequence
A Recipe
Answer: A: Task Analysis
48. An experienced RBT supervises other RBTs at work, due to a shortage of board certified assistant (BCaBA) and board-certified behavior analysts (BCBAs).
What, if any, ethical consideration exists here?
As long as the RBT is being supervised by a behavior analyst, there is no ethical concern here.
There is no ethical concern here – this is standard practice, as mandated by the BACB.
The RBT needs to be supervised directly by a certified behavior analyst (BCaBA, BCBA, BCBA-D). The type of supervision and quantity are directly specified by the board.
As long as the RBT practices lots of the free quizzes on this awesome website, they should be fine.
Answer: C. The RBT needs to be supervised directly by a certified behavior analyst (BCaBA, BCBA, BCBA-D). The type of supervision and quantity are directly specified by the board.
49. You’re about to start a session with a client. What do you need to do to be sure you’re ready to have a successful session (at the very minimum)?
You can probably just wing it. You’re pretty good at this, after all, and your memory is amazing.
A cup of coffee is all anyone really needs – if anyone tells you elsewise, they’re a liar or a tea-drinker.
You should know the responses and their response definitions that you will be measuring during your session. In addition, make sure you’re prepared to take data – clickers, notepaper and a pencil, whatever you need, make sure you have it!
Before the session, conduct a functional behavioral assessment and an informal preference assessment. Following that, draft a treatment plan while the client plays with an iPad.
Answer: C. You should know the responses and their response definitions that you will be measuring during your session. In addition, make sure you’re prepared to take data – clickers, notepaper and a pencil, whatever you need, make sure you have it!
50. What happens before/ immediately precedes behavior in data collection is known as the…
Antecedent
Motivation Operation
Preceding Stimulus
Setting event
Answer: A. Antecedent
51. How long a tantrum behavior occurs, how long it takes a client to do homework; what type of data collection is this?
Frequency
Duration
Interresponse time
Latency
Answer:B. Duration
52. Time between two successive responses.
Frequency
Duration
Intensity
Inter-response time
Answer: D. Inter-response time
53. Record a + if behavior occurred at any point during the interval.
Momentary Time Sampling
Duration per Occurrence
Partial Interval Recording
Partial Interview Recording
Answer:C. Partial Interval Recording
54. When attempting to assess the function of a client’s behavior, what is often considered the “gold standard” for experimentally identifying function?
Ask yourself, “What are the A-B-C’s for this behavior?” Sketch it out, and write a functional response definition for the behavior and proceed with treatment. Trust your intuition!
Watch the behavior of interest occur in the natural environment; that should be sufficient.
Free operant or multiple stimulus assessment
Conducting an analog or naturalistic functional analysis is usually considered the best way to identify function
Answer: D. Conducting an analog or naturalistic functional analysis is usually considered the best way to identify function
55. Select the best definition for differential reinforcement, from the choices below:
A stimulus that, when presented following a behavior, causes an overall INCREASE in that behavior over time.
Providing greater reinforcement for better approximations of a target behavior, and placing other behaviors on extinction or on a less desirable reinforcement schedule.
A stimulus that signals the availability of a reinforcer.
A stimulus that, when presented following a behavior, causes an overall DECREASE in that behavior over time.
Answer: B. Providing greater reinforcement for better approximations of a target behavior, and placing other behaviors on extinction or on a less desirable reinforcement schedule.
56. A little boy is playing with his toys in his room. Holding one of his stuffed animal dolls, he looks at it and says “Zebra!”
Which elementary verbal operant does this scenario most likely describe?
Intraverbal
Echoic
Autoclitic
Tact
Answer: D.Tact
57. Teaching communication to replace problem behaviors.
Functional communication training
FIT
Differential reinforcement of other behaviors
FR-3 schedule of reinforcement
Answer: A.Functional communication training
58. What occurs when reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is no longer provided, resulting in the decrease of frequency of the behavior in the future?
Endangerment
Extinction
Pivotal Response Training
Negative reinforcement
Answer: B.Extinction
59. For a child who is always picked up when they cry, not picking them up in the future would be an example of…?
Escape
Elopement
Extinction
Negative reinforcement
Answer: C.Extinction
60. Which type of extinction procedure has the individual simply giving no outward signs or response to a behavior, such as eye contact, verbal/ physical responses?
Planned ignoring
Escape extinction
Functional communication training
Positive reinforcement
Answer: A. Planned ignoring
61. A child is taught to raise their hand as an alternative to yelling out in class. Which type of differential reinforcement does this example represent?
Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors
Differential reinforcement of lower rates of behavior
Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors
Differential reinforcement of other behaviors
Answer: D.Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors
62. Classical conditioning is also commonly referred to as…
Reflex Reaction
Operant Conditioning
Learning
Pavolovian Conditioning
Answer:D. Pavolovian Conditioning
63. For a child who is scratching his skin, extinction can be used by the child wearing a glove, preventing the contact of the sensory stimulation that comes from scratching the skin. Which type of extinction does this represent?
Sensory extinction
Escape extinction
Attention extinction
Functional communication training
Answer:A.Sensory extinction
64. A neutral stimulus can become conditioned by pairing this stimulus with an unconditioned or previously conditioned stimulus. True or false?
True
False
Answer: A. True
65. The sign being illuminated at your favorite restaurnt says “open.” The open sign signals he availability of stopping, as it indicates that the behavior of going into the restaurant will be reinforced by the delivery of food. What type of stimulus is this an example of?
Sd
Sdelta
Ds
SR+
Answer: A. Sd
66. This follows a response and increases the probability of that response occurring again in the future.
Punishment
Reinforcement
Consequence
Stimulus
Answer: B Reinforcement
67. Adding something that will motivate a person to increase the likelihood that they will engage in the target behavior again. What type of reinforcement is this?
Positive
Negative
Continuous
Discontinuous
Answer:D. Discontinuous
68. Food is an example of what type of reinforcer?
Unconditioned
Conditioned
Negative
Positive
Answer: A.Unconditioned
69. Money is an example of what type of reinforcement?
Negative
Unconditioned
Secondary
Primary
Answer: C.Secondary
70. Extremely bright lights, freezing temperature, electric shock are all examples of which punisher?
Conditioned
Unknown
Unconditioned
Secondary
Answer: C. Unconditioned
71. Satiation is a term that refers to what?
An abolishing operation (value decrease) of a reinforcer due to an organism being over-exposed to that stimulus
An establishing operation (value increase) of a reinforcer due to it’s scarcity
A stimulus that is aversive or non-preferred
To be at capacity or over-supplied
Answer: A. An abolishing operation (value decrease) of a reinforcer due to an organism being over-exposed to that stimulus
72. Which of the following is true about cumulative records?
Trends in a cumulative record can include a positive (increasing) and negative (decreasing) slope
A combination of all frequency scores into a single “master score index” used in statistical analysis to compare frequency charts for different types of radical behaviors
Data never decreases in a cumulative record; an increasing slope indicates occurrence of the target behavior, while a flat slope indicates periods of no occurrences of the target behavior
Data is recorded once per session; downward slopes indicate a decreasing trend
Answer: C. Data never decreases in a cumulative record; an increasing slope indicates occurrence of the target behavior, while a flat slope indicates periods of no occurrences of the target behavior
73. Removing something that increases the future likelihood of behavior is called…
Negative punishment
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Positive reinforcement
Answer: Negative reinforcement
74. Present 5 easy/ mastered tasks in quick succession immediately before presenting an acquisition target.
Behavior modification
Behavior momentum
Behavior inertia
Functional community training.
Answer: B. Behavior momentum
75. Is exaggerating covered by the RBT ethical code?
Yes
No
Answer: A. Yes
76. How much time needs to pass before entering a relationship with a client or supervisor?
2 years after the working relationship ends
6 months after the working relationship ends
1 month, as long as a personal relationship is established
Never
Answer: A. 2 years after the working relationship ends
77. What should you do if you are arrested for a minor marijuana charge?
Report to BACB within 24 hours
Do not report; this is not a fireable offense and your credential with remain in tact
Provide 2 weeks notice to employer
Report to BACB within 30 days
Answer: D. Report to BACB within 30 days
78. When working with a client, whose preferences should take priority?
Parent
Teacher
BCBA
Client
Answer: D.Client
79. If you become aware that a client’s legal rights are being violated, which of the following actions should you take?
Contact relevant authorities
Follow organization’s policies
Document efforts to address the matter
Consult with your supervisor
All of the above
Answer: E. All of the above
80. Sally is an RBT working with a client named Jim. Jim tends to scream and bite his arm forcefully when presented with his token board, and sometimes when Sally opens up her laptop. Sally almost never opens up her laptop unless she’s about to ask Jim to do some of his table work activities.
What do you think the most likely function of Jim’s behavior is?
Sensory Overload
Escape from demands presented by others (Socially Mediated Negative Reinforcement)
Access to Tangibles, such as preferred Items & activities (Socially Mediated Positive Reinforcement)
Escape from a painful stimulus, such as a headache! (Automatically Mediated Negative Reinforcement)
Answer:B. Escape from demands presented by others (Socially Mediated Negative Reinforcement)
81. You are asked to collect data on aggression. Every time your learner agresses, you click the tally counter. What are you measuring?
Duration
Duration per occurrence
Latency
Frequency
Answer:D. Frequency
82. You are recording the time it takes from the presentation of the demand (Sd) to the first instance of behavior. What are you measuring?
Frequency
Duration
Latency
Inter-response time
Answer:C. Latency
83. For every third correct response, you deliver a preferred edible. What reinforcement schedule is this?
FR-3
FI-3
VR-3
VI-3
Answer: A. FR-3
84. Which of the following is the LEAST unethical decision?
An RBT working with a family on community skills goals in a shopping mall is offered a gift by the family once they conclude their shopping trip. The RBT accepts the gift.
A family is going on vacation and wants to bring their RBT along to help their child work on goals while on vacation. The RBT can’t afford the trip, so the family decides to pay for their trip in order to bring them along. The RBT agrees, as this is a valid business expense.
A small child, who is the client of an RBT, offers the RBT a hand-made card, made from construction paper and way too much glitter, as a gift. The RBT readily accepts with a big smile on his face.
A mechanic, who is the father of a child receiving behavioral services from an RBT, notices the RBT is having trouble starting her car. He offers to help her fix it at his shop for free. The RBT is grateful, and accepts the gift from the client’s father.
Answer: C. A small child, who is the client of an RBT, offers the RBT a hand-made card, made from construction paper and way too much glitter, as a gift. The RBT readily accepts with a big smile on his face.
85. Response definitions, sometimes also referred to as operational definitions or behavior definitions, refer to a …
Objective, clear, concise, and complete description of a behavior of interest
Use laymans terms to explain to parents what type of function the behavior most likely possesses
Describe only the function of the behavior of interest
Provide a subjective, comfortable description of the behavior of interest
Answer: A. Objective, clear, concise, and complete description of a behavior of interest
86. Escape, attention, tangible, sensory describe what?
Functions of behavior
Teaching strategies
Types of prompts
Dimensions of ABA
Answer: A.Functions of behavior
87. This signals that reinforcement is available
SD
Sdelta
SR-
VR-3
Answer: A. SD
88. This increases the future likelihood of behavior.
Punishment
Motivation
Rewards
Reinforcement
Answer: D.Reinforcement
89. Reinforcement is delivered on average every 2 minutes in which the behaviors occur. What reinforcement schedule is this?
FI-2
FR-2
VI-2
VR-2
Answer: C. VI-2
90. Reinforcing gradual changes in behavior
Chaining
Shaping
Prompting
Reinforcing
Answer: B. Shaping
91. When you start with least intrusive prompt.
Forward chaining
Backwards chaining
Least to most prompting
Most to least prompting
Answer: C.Least to most prompting
92. Which of the following is the best example of maintaining client dignity?
Sharing a client’s private information with other RBTs
Explaining to the waitress that your client has autism during a CBI
Not restricting the client’s right to food or water
Sharing a client’s information with a peer
Answer:D. Sharing a client’s information with a peer
Gene, A preschooler, is a thumbsucker. The teacher finds it unsanitary and has asked a BCBA working with the preschool to help her decrease the thumb sucking. The BCBA asks you to take baseline data. Which measurement dimension would be most useful to the BCBA when they design an intervention?
Answer: Duration, or how much time during the day Gene is sucking her thumb.
RBT’s will often be charged with helping clients increase their current repertoire of skills. Skill acquisition plans are aimed to do just that. Components of a successful plan include: identifying the deficit, create a goal to address the deficit, establish a data measurement system, take baseline data, select and implement an acquisition procedure, then collect data to assess effectiveness of the procedure. The final step would likely be…..
Answer: modify existing plan based on assessment data
As an RBT you may come across many variations of Behavior Reduction Plans or Behavior Intervention Plans (BIPs). However, all good plans should include: Intro/ Background info, descriptions of behaviors, hypothesized functions, functionally equivalent replacement behaviors, skill acquisition strategies, antecedent prevention strategies, and…..
Answer: Reaction strategies, measurement systems, system of reinforcement
A discrimination stimulus is…
Answer: something in the environment that either evokes or abates behavior and a signal that reinforcement is available
A good skill acquisition plan will include an objective, criteria for mastery, how to teach the skill and necessary prompts, as well as stating…
Answer: specific roles of those working with the client
Which of the following would be the best addition to objective session notes?
Answer: Client performed 3 of 5 given tasks with 100% mastery
When generating session notes, RBTs should be aware of…
Answer: objectively and lack of personal bias
What is the role of the RBT in the service delivery system?
Answer: implement behavior intervention plan
When Behavioral professional speak of ethics they are talking about….
Answer: accepted standards of behavior, doing what is right
The measure of a permanent product looks at…
Answer: production
The Professional and Ethical Compliance Code of Behavior Analyst devotes an entire section to Behavior Analyst’s Responsibility to clients. All are appropriate except….
Answer: talk to parents or caregivers, not the clients
RBT are likely to be the ABA professionals who are implementing skill acquisition plans. In order to prepare and plan for a session, RBTs should always …….. , before collecting their materials, including data tracking forms.
Answer: review session notes from the previous session, and decide how to proceed with the current session
RBT Discrimination Practice
Discrimination Definition
Answer: When you engage in behavior under certain circumstances and not under other circumstances
Antecedents & Consequences of a behavior help us learn to make discriminations
Behavior occurs in presence of specific situations or contexts in which they were reinforced in the past
Examples of making a discrimination
Answer:Ex. Apple, that’s an apple, vs that’s a cat
stop at red light, not at green light
good morning in morning but not at night
Making Discriminations
Answer: Ex Julia-borrow car, mom says yes, dad says no, more likely to ask mom
Engaging in a discrimination because of the different consequences that were applied to the same behavior
Julia’s behavior is under stimulus control
Behavior occurs in the presence of specific contexts in which they were reinforced in the past
Discrimination Training
Answer: The result of discrimination training is stimulus control
Discrimination training involved reinforcing some responses and not reinforcing other responses in the presence of some antecedent stimulus
To help student learn to make discriminations, you can teach more than one target reponse at a time
Answer: Ex. Labeling objects–label multiple items during training
The result of this discrimination training is stimulus control
Discrimination Training-Collecting & Analyzing Data
Answer: Collect data on the behvor being taught to make sure the teaching procedure is effective
Record response to each antecedent stimulus
Graph Data Collected
Analyze the Data
Other Questions To Learn (167)
Ethical
Answer: Pertaining to right and wrong in conduct. Being in accordance with the rules or standards for right conduct or practice
Feedback and Reflection
Answer: Respond appropriately to feedback and maintain or improve performance. Take feedback and be a reflective practitioner.
Communication
Answer: Communication with stakeholders as authorized.
Follow protocol of how to communicate.
Communicate effectively with all team members.
Professional Boundaries
Answer: Avoid dual relationships, conflicts of interest, social media contacts. Always take notes.
Client Dignity
Answer: Be respectful and thoughtful about the client’s needs and wants.
Never do or say anything to cause embarrassment to the client.
Do not do something in front of your client that you would not do if working with a typical developing child.
How to Prepare for Data Collection
Answer:1. Read data from last session
2. Prepare material and programs for current session based on data from last session.
3. Determine what programs you plan to work on during the session.
4. Gather materials for those programs.
5. Set up the first set of programs so they are ready for the client when you begin your session.
The Role of the RBT in the Service Delivery System
Answer:Implement measurement, assessment, skill acquisition, behavior reduction, documentation and reporting, and maintain professional conduct in the scope of the practice under the direct supervision of a BCBA or BCaBA.
RBT Assisting with Individual Assessment Procedures
Answer: The RBT can interview stakeholders, gather baseline data by observing the client’s behaviors in his/her natural environment, or probe client by asking them to perform a task we are unsure they can perform without providing assistance.
Dealing with Stakeholders
Answer:The RBT should only communicate with stakeholders as authorized by the supervisor. Any specific questions should be deferred to the BCBA or BCaBA. If you do communicate you must be objective, use behavioral language, avoid speculation, stick to topic appropriate for an RBT.
Assist Training Stakeholders
Answer:RBT can assist with training stakeholders by giving them instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback with regard to behavioral skills training.
Report Other Variables
Answer: illness, relocation or change in medication.
Components of a Written Behavior Plan
Answer: 1. Identify, describe, create a goal for a behavior in observable terms.
2. Assess antecedent/consequence that may maintain behavior.
3. Identify hypothesis of function of behavior.
4. Identify possible replacement behaviors.
5. Select and implement antecedent/consequence based interventions.
6. Create crisis intervention plan.
7. Implementation, modification, generalization and maintenance procedures.
Skill Acquisition Plan
Answer: 7 Components
1. Identify the skill deficit
2. Create a goal to address the deficit
3. Establish a data measurement system
4. Take baseline data (Assess current skill level)
5. Select and implement an acquisition procedure.
6. Collect data to assess effectiveness of the procedure.
7. Modify existing plan based on assessment data. (Modify, if necessary) to maintain/increase effectiveness)
Prepare for Skill Acquisition Plan
Answer: 1. Determine what occurred last session to decide where to start.
2. Select skill acquisition procedures to complete during session.
3. Prepare materials you will need for the skill acquisition (including data collection protocols).
5 Dimensions we can Shape
Answer:
1. Topography
2. Frequency
3. Latency
4. Duration
5. Amplitude/Intensity
Applied Behavior Analysis
Answer: The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change.
The scientific study of principles of learning and behavior.
Behavior
Answer: An activity of living organisms.
What an individual does (how they respond in the situation).
It is observable and measurable.
Response
Answer: Specific instance of behavior.
4 types of Responses:
1. Correct
2. Incorrect
3. Non-Response
4. Prompted
Respondent Behavior
Answer: Untaught or unconditioned responses. Reflex.
Respondent Conditioning
Answer: New stimuli can acquire the ability to elicit responses.
Occurs through pairing of two stimuli.
Stimulus – Stimulus Pairing (S – S)
Unconditioned Stimulus
Answer: A stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response.
i.e. Food is an unconditioned stimulus for a hungry animal and salivation is the unconditioned response.
Unconditioned Response
Answer: A behavior that occurs naturally due to a given stimulus.
i.e. Dogs salivating in the presence of food; yelping upon being bitten by an insect.
Conditioned Stimulus
Answer: A previously neutral stimulus that, after repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits the response produced by the unconditioned stimulus itself.
Conditioned Response
Answer: A behavior that does not come naturally, but must be learned by the individual by pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.
Unconditioned Reinforcers
Answer: (AKA primary reinforcers) Stimuli that do not require learning. (i.e. food, water, warmth, sleep, sexual stimulation)
Conditioned Reinforcers
Answer: (AKA secondary reinforcers) Neutral stimuli that have been paired with unconditioned reinforcers, or other conditioned reinforcers and through repeated pairing become reinforcers themselves. (i.e. stickers, sound, people)
Generalized Conditioned Reinforcers
Answer: Stimuli that have been paired with a variety of unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers. (i.e. praise, attention, money, tokens)
Operant Behavior
Answer: Behavior that is controlled or influenced by consequences.
Behavior whose future frequency is determined by a history of consequences.
Operant Conditioning
Answer: A type of learning where behavior is controlled by consequences.
Behavior followed by pleasant consequences tends to be repeated.
Behavior followed by unpleasant consequences tends not to be repeated.
Mand Training
Answer: (AKA request training) Training by asking for what you want.
Reinforcers
Answer: Pleasant events that follow a behavior that make behavior more likely to occur in the future.
Reinforcers strengthen behavior.
Punishers
Answer: Unpleasant events that follow a behavior and decrease the likelihood that a behavior will happen again in the future.
4 – Part Contingency of Operant Learning
Answer: 1. MO – Motivating Operation
2. Antecedent
3. Behavior
4. Consequence
Motivating Operation
Answer: (AKA setting event) Contextual factors or conditions that influence behavior.
Influence how an individual is going to react. (i.e. Being deprived of food and water)
Antecedent
Answer:What occurs before a behavior that then influences behavior.
An environment or a stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest.
Prompt
Answer: Specific antecedent that directly facilitates performance of behavior.
Assistance provided to engage in desired behavior or response.
Consequence
Answer: Events that follow behavior and may influence it including increasing or decreasing it in the future.
May be reinforcers or punishers.
7 Dimensions of ABA
Answer: 1. Applied
2. Behavioral
3. Analytic
4. Technological
5. Conceptual Systems
6. Effective
7. Generality
Frequency Data
(AKA Event Recording) A form of continuous measurement.
Data in which you tally each time the behavior occurs.
Typically used for behaviors with discrete beginning and ending points.
Typically used for behaviors with discrete beginning and ending points. (i.e. throwing items, going to the gym, taking medicine, hitting another person)
Most frequently used type of data collection.
Duration Data
Answer: Data that is a calculation of the amount of time a behavior occurs.
The amount of time a response is performed.
Track from onset to offset.
Typically used for behaviors that last too long or too short. (i.e. on task behavior, social interactions, engaging in stereotypy)
Antecedent Behavior Consequence Data
Answer: (AKA ABC data) A combination of information about what happens before, during and after a behavior.
A form of continuous measurement.
Interval Recording
Answer:A form of discontinuous measurement.
Used for estimating duration of a behavior in which observers periodically look at client at predetermined intervals and record whether or not a behavior is occurring.
Partial Interval Recording
Answer: Did the behavior occur at least once during the short observation interval?
Overestimates the behavior.
Example: presence or absence of thumb-sucking within a series of time intervals.
Whole Interval Recording
Answer: Did the behavior occur for the whole interval that you are looking for it?
Underestimates the behavior.
Example: the total time devoted to remaining on task.
Momentary Time Sampling
Answer: Look up at the client immediately at pre-designated points and record whether the behavior occurred at that precise moment.
Example: presence or absence of client’s stereotypic behavior (stimming).
Response Latency
Answer: The amount of time after a specific stimulus has been given before the target behavior occurs.
Permanent Product Recording Procedures
Answer: A type of measurement used when the behavior you are assessing results in a lasting product or outcome.
Example: number of written assignments completed;
Anecdotal Data
Answer: A method of descriptively recording the behavior emitted by the learner, the response of others, and information about the environment.
Trial by Trial Data
Answer: For each trial record target and whether response was:
– Correct
– Incorrect
– Non-Response
– Prompted
Graphing
Answer: Graphing is a method of representing data in a visual way so that we can se patterns and direction over time.
– Line Graph (most common) shows patterns, trends
– Bar Graph shows portions of a whole
– Pie Chart shows portions of a whole
Reliability
Answer: That the data taken is reliable and people who take the data agree on the occurrence of the behavior.
Individuals who take the data agree on the occurrence of the target behavior.
Looking for 85% agreed upon when doing reliability checks.
Inter-observer Reliability
Answer: The extent to which the individuals who observe a target behavior agree on the occurrence of the behavior.
Treatment Fidelity
Answer: The extent to which an intervention plan is implemented as planned and prescribed.
Topography
Answer: The physical form or shape of a behavior.
Function
The purpose or meaning of a behavior.
Operational Definition
Answer: What does the behavior look like, what happens exactly, what does it sound like?
4 Functions of Behavior
SEAT
1. Sensory
2. Escape/Avoidance
3. Attention
4. Tangible
Sensory Function
Answer: One of the four functions of behavior in which an individual tries to gain sensory output.
Individuals behave a certain way because it feels good to them.
Automatic Reinforcement
Answer: (AKA self-stimming) The behavior itself is reinforcing and is not dependent on social interaction or receiving a tangible item.
Escape/Avoidance Function
Answer: A function of behavior to escape or avoid having to do something.
Attention Function
Answer: A function of behavior in which the individual is reinforced by receiving attention from others.
Tangible Function
Answer: A function of behavior in which the individual wants to obtain a tangible item.
The individual wants a preferred item or activity.
Baseline Data
Answer: Data taken before an intervention takes place.
Describes the existing level of performance.
Functional Analysis
Answer: Done by an individual with specific training and under very controlled situations.
The qualified practitioner manipulates situations (antecedents/consequences) and takes data on behavior during those situations to test hypotheses about suspected maintaining variables.
Functional Behavior Assessment
Answer: (AKA FBA) Putting one or more Functional Analysis together.
Can consist of:
– Direct observation
– Interview
– Functional analysis (experimental)
– File Review
In an FBA behavior plans must include replacement skills.
Replacement Skills
Something appropriate that the client can do instead of the inappropriate behavior, that will serve the same purpose.
Should be included in Behavior Plans.
Teach replacement skills and
Develop an appropriate behavior plan
Answer: Name two important reasons for determining function of behavior.
3 Principles of Behavior
1. Reinforcement
2. Punishment
3. Extinction
Reinforcement
Answer: Occurs when stimulus change immediately follows a response and INCREASES the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions.
Punishment
Answer: Occurs when a stimulus change immediately follows a response and decreases the future frequency of that type of behavior.
Extinction
Answer: Removal of reinforcement from a previously reinforced behavior.
Extinction Burst
Answer: Prior to the behavior decreasing you will see a temporary increase in behavior.
Immediate increase in frequency in responding.
Spontaneous Recovery
Answer: After a period of time the behavior may come back temporarily during extinction.
Rewards
Answer: Something that we THINK will might act as a reinforcer.
Rewards are the THING, reinforcement is the ACTION.
(i.e. If giving a child a cooke after they clean their room does not increase the chances of them cleaning their room again in the future then the cookie was just a reward and NOT a reinforcer)
Positive Reinforcement
Answer: Pleasant or favorable event that follows a behavior – it is ADDED to the situation and increases the likelihood or probability that the behavior will occur in the future.
Negative Reinforcement
Answer: REMOVAl of an aversive event that follows a behavior (“relief”) and increases the likelihood that the behavior will continue in the future.
(i.e. cleaning your room and your mom stops nagging; hitting snooze on an alarm and the beeping stops; putting on your seatbelt and the dinging stops)
Secondary Reinforcement
Answer: (AKA Conditioned Reinforcement) Occurs when neutral stimuli have been paired with unconditioned reinforcers or other conditioned reinforcers repeatedly thus making the neutral stimuli become conditioned reinforcers.
Conditioned Punisher
Answer: Stimuli or events that function as punishers only after being paired with unconditioned punishers.
Form of positive punishment in which every time an undesired behavior occurs the actor loses a reinforcer.
Unconditioned Punisher
Answer: A stimulus change that can decrease the future frequency of any behavior that precedes it without prior pairing with any other form of punishment.
(i.e. shock, physical pain, loud noises, painful stimulation that can cause tissue damage, light, sound, temperature)
Preference Assessment
Answer: Aims to identify an individual’s favorite things so that they can be used as rewards or potential “reinforcers” for desired behavior. CSDA
1. Caregiver interview
2. Surveys
3. Direct Observation
4. Assessment Method
Caregiver Interview Preference Assessment
Answer: Involves obtaining information from the individual’s parents, friends and teachers about what the individual likes/prefers.
Surveys/Inventories Preference Assessment
Answer: Surveys obtain information about potential reinforcers and also rank potential reinforcers in order of preference.
Direct Observation Preference Assessment
Answer: Identify what is motivating the individual.
The more time spent with an item, the stronger the presumed preference.
Assessment Method Preference Assessment
Answer: Presenting objects and activities systematically to the individual to reveal a hierarchy or ranking of preference.
1. Single item/single stimulus
2. Forced choice
3. Multiple choice
– multiple choice with replacement
– multiple choice without replacement
Single Item Preference Assessment
Answer: Single Item/Single Stimulus
Objects and activities are presented to the individual one by one.
Data are recorded on how long the person engages with each item or activity.
Forced Choice Preference Assessment
Answer: Simultaneous presentation of two items or activities and individual is asked to choose one.
Most frequently selected item will likely be the most potent reinforcer.
Multiple Stimuli With Replacement
Answer: Item chosen by the learner remains in the array and all other items that were not selected are replaced with new ones.
Multiple Stimuli Without Replacement
Answer: Chosen item is removed from the array, the order or replacement of the remaining items is rearranged, and the next trial begins with a reduced number of items in the array.
Premack Principle
Answer: Make access to a high probability behavior contingent on performing a low probability behavior.
The opportunity to engage in more probable behaviors (or activities) will reinforce less probable behavior.
Grandma’s Rule: If you want to go out to play, you have to eat your vegetables first.
Satiation
Answer: Repeatedly presenting a stimulus for the purpose of reducing its attractiveness by reaching a satiation level.
Rule Governed Behavior
Answer: Behavior either verbal or nonverbal under the control of verbal antecedents.
(i.e. “If I study 2 hours every day, I will get an A on the exam next month”)
Response Blocking
Answer: The source of reinforcement is blocked. A procedure in which the therapist physically intervenes as soon as the learning begins to emit a problem behavior to prevent the completion of the target behavior.
Random Rotation
Answer: The random presentation of mastered items, free from pattern (as if flipping a coin repeatedly).
Block Trials
Answer: Repeatedly asking for an item for a designated number of trials, and then moving to another item for the same number of trials.
Mass Trials
Answer: Repeatedly presenting the same SD (discriminative stimulus) and R (response) pair for several trials in a row.
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule
Answer: Providing reinforcement each time the behavior/response occurs.
Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule
Answer: Reinforcement is delivered after only SOME of the desired responses occur.
Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedule
Answer: Reinforcement should be delivered after a constant or “fixed” number of responses.
Variable Ratio Reinforcement Schedule
Answer: Reinforcement is provided after an unpredictable (variable) number of responses.
This schedule is the most resistant to extinction.
Fixed Interval Reinforcement Schedule
Answer: The first correct response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed.
Variable Interval Reinforcement Schedule
Answer: Where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable (variable) amount of time has elapsed.
Positive Punishment
Answer: Presentation of an unpleasant or aversive stimulus immediately following behavior that results in a decrease of that behavior in the future.
Negative Punishment
Answer: The termination or removal of a stimulus immediately following behavior that results in a decrease of that behavior in the future.
(i.e. taking away a toy when a child talks back; time out from positive reinforcement for yelling)
Response Cost
Answer: A type of punishment also known as Negative Reinforcement.
Loss of a specific amount of reinforcement.
Time out from Positive Reinforcement
Answer: The withdrawal of the opportunity to earn positive reinforcement, or the loss of access to positive reinforcers for a specific amount of time.
A form of Negative Punishment
Contingent Exercise
Answer: Perform a response that is not topographically related to the problem behavior.
(i.e. touch toes 20 times contingent on biting self)
Overcorrection
Answer: Effortful behavior that is directly or logically related to the problem behavior.
Time-Out
Answer: Brief removal of all social positive reinforcement.
Positive Behavior Support
Answer: A function-based approach to eliminate challenging behaviors and replace them with socially appropriate behaviors.
– Focus on positive behaviors
– Alter the ecology
– Teach new skills
– Reinforce the absence of behavior
Focused Support Strategies
Answer: Interventions to reduce or eliminate the need for reactive strategies and gain quicker control over behavior.
– High density of reinforcing events
– Non-contingent delivery of reinforcing events
– Eliminate antecedents that cue challenging behavior
Stimulus Control
Answer: Individual behaves in one way in the presence of a given stimulus and another in its absence.
A type of Focused Support Strategy
Stimulus Satiation
Answer: Repeatedly presenting a stimulus for the purpose of reducing its attractiveness by reaching a satiation level.
Token Economies
Answer: Reinforcement systems in which tokens are earned for a variety of behaviors and are used to purchase or exchange for a variety of backup reinforcers such as food, activities, trips, toys.
Differential Reinforcement
Answer: Reinforcing one response class and withholding reinforcement from another response class.
Behavior receiving reinforcement should increase while the behavior for which reinforcement is being withheld should decrease.
Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors
Answer: DRO – Providing a reinforcer after a particular time frame without the target behavior.
For example engaging in any other behavior except the target behavior.
(i.e. every 5 minutes without hitting, individual receives a sticker)
Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding
Answer: Entails reinforcing for reductions in the frequency of the undesired behavior.
Often used when individual is engaging in a behavior too frequently.
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behaviors
Answer: DRA – Focus on increasing a desirable alternative behavior that directly or indirectly interferes with the performance of the undesired target behavior.
(i.e. reinforce knitting or giving a self manicure instead of biting nails; reinforce appropriate language instead of punishing swearing at others)
Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behaviors
Answer: DRI – Similar to DRA but you choose and alternative behavior to reinforce that, if performed, would be incompatible with the undesired target behavior.
(i.e. playing nicely vs. fighting; on task behavior vs. off task behavior; in seat vs. out of seat; deep breathing vs. yelling)
Discrete Trial Training
Answer: DTT – Structured instructional methodology used to teach new behaviors
Designed to maximize a learner’s potential by presenting information in a three-part teaching unit.
Based on Antecedent – Behavior – Consequence format.
A – B – C (Stimulus – Response – Consequence)
Main objective is to teach children how to learn from their natural environment and make learning reinforcing.
Errorless Learning
Answer: Teaching procedures that are designed in such a way that the learning does not have to – and does not – make mistakes as she or he learns new information or procedures.
DTT is Errorless Learning.
Skinnner: “Errors are not necessary for learning to occur.”
Discriminative Stimulus (SD)
Answer: Used in DTT: Environmental cue or instruction that signals that reinforcement is available for a target behavior.
Response (R)
Answer: Used in DTT: The behavior in which an individual engages. 4 types of response:
1. Correct
2. Incorrect
3. Non-Response
4. Prompted
Reinforcing Stimulus (SR)
Answer: Used in DTT: The consequence following the individual’s response that changes the future likelihood with which the behavior will recur.
Reinforcement should be given for a correct response.
Should be delivered immediately (0 – 5 seconds is ideal).
Inter-Trial Interval
Answer: The time interval between presentation of the consequence for one trial and the presentation of the SD for the next trial.
Prompt Hierarchy
Answer: The so called “pyramid” of the various levels of prompting.
We need to establish a hierarchy of prompts from the least to most or most to least intrusive for each instructional task.
Transfer of Stimulus Control
Answer: Process by which prompts are removed once the target behavior is occurring in the presence of the SD.
Prompt Fading
Answer: The gradual elimination of a stimulus prompt as the behavior continues to occur in the presence of the SD.
Stimulus Fading
Answer: Exaggerate some physical dimension of the relevant stimulus to help the individual respond correctly.
Prompt is within the stimulus itself.
Can be used for color or size determination.
Discrimination Training
Answer:Procedure to teach between two targets.
Trial training using phases.
(i.e. phases 1 – 6 Mass Trials of target, Block Trials, and Random Rotation)
Shaping
Answer: A process by which one systematically and differentially reinforces successive approximations to a terminal behavior.
Chaining
Answer:A specific sequence of discrete responses, each associated with a particular stimulus condition.
When components are linked together, they form a chain that produces a terminal outcome.
Task Analysis
Answer: Involves breaking a complex skill into smaller, teachable units, the product of which is a series of sequentially ordered steps or tasks.
Forward Chaining
Answer: Training begins the link with the first behavior in the sequence.
Training only occurs on the steps currently mastered and current step (no training on steps after that).
Backward Chaining
Answer: Training begins the link with the last behavior in the sequence.
Trainer performs all but the last step until the learner masters the last step.
Then trainer performs all but the lasts two steps until learner masters the last two steps and so on.
Backward Chaining with Leaps Ahead
Answer: Follow same procedure as backward chaining but not every step in the task analysis is trained.
Natural Environment Training (NET)
Answer:Is loosely structured, and uses or contrives a leaner’s motivation and activities and not an exclusively teacher-selected set of materials, as the basis for the lesson.
Often used to teach child to mand or request.
Verbal Behavior
Answer: Behavior that is reinforced through the mediation of another person’s behavior.
Involves a social interaction between speakers and listeners.
Listener reinforces the speaker.
Mand, Tact, Echoic, Intraverbal, Textual, Transcription
Answer: 6 Elementary Verbal Operants
Mand
Answer:Short for demand, command or reprimand.
A type of verbal operant in which a speaker asks for (or states, demands, implies, etc.) what he needs or wants.
Only type of verbal operant that directly benefits the speaker b/c the mand allows the speaker to receive reinforcers.
Tact
Answer:Short for contact.
A type of verbal operant in which speaker names things and actions that the speaker had direct contact with through any of the sense modes.
Echoic
Answer:A type of verbal operant that occurs when a speaker repeats the verbal behavior of another speaker.
Occurs in response to other verbal behavior.
Listener is “echoing” what they hear.
Intraverbal
Answer:A type of verbal operant in which a speaker differentially responds to the verbal behavior of others.
– Conversation
– Answering questions
– Filling in the blank
Textual
Answer: Reading written words.
(i.e. A child says shoe because the word “shoe” is written)
Transcription
Answer: Writing and spelling words that are spoken.
(i.e. A child writes “shoe” because they hear the word “shoe”)
Generalization
Answer:When the effort of reinforcement is extended beyond the conditions in which the training has taken place or to behaviors other than those included in training.
Stimulus Generalization
Answer:Generalization or transfer of a response to situations other than those in which the training takes place.
It has taken place if a response reinforced in one stimulus setting also increases in other stimulus settings.
Across people: The learner’s ability to respond to people other than those involved in the original teaching
Across environments: The learner’s ability to respond in different locations other than the “table and chair”
(i.e. responds to different SD’s for same behavior like “sit here”, “sit down”, “have a seat”)
Response Generalization
Answer: The changes in behaviors or responses other than those that have been trained or developed.
(i.e. you teach a child to put away toys following the SD “clean up” and the child also begins to throw away garbage and put books on the shelf)
Maintenance
Answer: Refers to maintaining responses over time.
So something leaned at time 1 would also be evident at times 2, 3 and 4.
Implement Generalization and Maintenance Procedures
Answer: Start by slowly fading prompts and using natural reinforcement contingencies; use multiple settings, people and stimuli; train loosely and use random rotation; use variable reinforcement schedules; teach self management and reinforce generally when it happens.
Contingency Contract
Answer: A document that specifies a contingent relationship between:
– The completion of a specific behavior
– Access to a specific reinforcer
Same as a behavioral contract.
Answer: This document should serve to hold both parties accountable (student & teacher).
Token Economy
Answer: A behavior change system with the following components:
– Specific behaviors to reinforce
– Tokens or points for emitting those behaviors
– A back-up reinforcer for cash in of tokens/points
Tokens themselves are not desirable…the back-up should be!
Positive Practice
Answer: A form of Positive Punishment
Contingent on an occurrence of the target behavior the learner is required to repeat a correct form of the behavior, or a behavior incompatible with the problem, a specified number of times.
Planned Ignoring
Answer: Social reinforcers – usually attention, physical contact or verbal interaction – are removed for a brief period.
Validity
Answer:Refers to the extent to which target behaviors are appropriate, intervention procedures are acceptable, and important significant changes in target and collateral behaviors are produced.
Rate
Answer:Used in calculating data. Frequency with the addition of a time component. Also a form of Event Recording.
Registered Behavior Technician
Answer: A paraprofessional who practices under the close, ongoing supervision of a BCBA or a BCaBA.
The RBT is primarily responsible for the direct implementation of skill-acquisition and behavior-reduction plans developed by the supervisor.
The RBT may also collect data and conduct certain types of assessments (i.e. stimulus preference assessments)
The RBT does not design intervention or assessment plans. It is the responsibility of the designated RBT supervisor to determine which tasks an RBT may perform as a function of his or her training, experience, and competence.
Total Task Chaining
Answer: The chaining procedure which teaches each step of the chain during each training session.
Professional and Ethical Compliance Code
Answer:– Maintaining confidentiality
– Maintaining records
– Documentation of professional work and research
– Records and Data
– Behavior analytic assessment
– Conforming with laws and regulations
– Accuracy and use of data
Documentation and Reporting
Answer: Records and data collected by BCBAs and RBTs must be retained for at least _____ years and as otherwise required by law.
Contingency
Answer: Refers to and if_____, then_____ relationship between a behavior and a consequence.
Treatment Plan Modifications
Answer: RBT’s assist BCBAs in making treatment plan modifications based on:
1. Record
2. Visual analysis of graphed data
3. Science
Parent requests are NOT a major factor in determining the current success of a plan or analyzing data to determine next steps.
1. Be honest
2. Follow through with obligations
3. Disclose your experience in specific areas.
Ways to show integrity?
Incidental Teaching
Answer: Involves creating an environment in which students’ interests are easily fostered and nurtured, and one in which students can be most successfully motivated. Also known as Natural
Environment Training
1. Vary stimulus conditions over time
2. Make conditions as natural as possible over time.
3. Modify reinforcers
3 General Techniques of Generalization
1. Have multiple teachers and styles / vary the stimuli & environment.
2. In the beginning conditions might be artificial, make conditions as natural as possible over time.
3. Use secondary/conditioned reinforcement. Thin the reinforcement schedule for primary reinforcers.
Drawbacks to Punishment
Answer: Mis-used or Over-used: May lead to negative reinforcement of the punisher.
Lack of generalization: May lead to decrease in behavior only in the presence of the punisher.
May increase or escalate the behavior (provoke aggression).
Not always effective in the long term.
Reactive Strategies
Answer: Strategies designed to manage the behavior at the time it occurs (in the moment).
These strategies are managed situationally to provide safety and prevent the escalation of the behaviors.
NOT meant to change behavior over time.
– Facilitative Strategies (help solve the problem)
– Redirect to a competing activity (give an instruction or a “help me” instruction
i.e. crisis intervention strategies
Proactive Strategies
Answer: Strategies designed to produce changes over time.
Strategies designed to provide a better mesh between client’s needs and the environments in which he/she behaves.
– Token economies (Focused Support Strategy)
– Differential reinforcement (Focused Support Strategy)
– Discrete trial training
You are working with an individual in a work placement at a grocery store and taking data on his target behaviors. What do you need to consider regarding data collection to maintain the individual’s right to confidentiality?
a. Do not use the individuals name when documenting notes or data
b. Keep all data sheets and documentation on you at all times and avoid leaving them ion a public area
c. Remove all identifying information from the data sheets, including name, diagnosis, of the name title discloses diagnostic information
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
If you are planning to count the number of times that John spits during group meeting, which item is not necessary to help you with the data collection?
a. Ruler
b. Data Sheet
c. Pen/Pencil or clicker
d. Calculator
Answer: a. ruler
You are working at a school with one of your clients, and you are collecting data on skill acquisition targets and challenging behaviors. Who are you allowed to share the data with?
a. The parents of the other students in the classroom
b. The other students in the classroom
c. Your program supervisor, the parent of the client, anyone the parents have given written consent to share the information with
d. Any of the school staff since the school is paying for your services
Answer: c. Your program supervisor, the parent of the client, anyone the parents have given written consent to share the information with
You work with a client and his parent’s private health insurance pays for his treatment. The school district has contacted you to ask about the client’s behaviors at home. What do you need to be sure you have before you speak to them?
a. The ability to bill for the time to talk to the district
b. The phone number to call them back
c. The appropriate authorization to talk to the district (i.e. HIPAA Forms) and authorization from your program supervisor
d. Nothing, you can speak to them because they also work with your client.
Answer: c. The appropriate authorization to talk to the district (i.e. HIPAA Forms) and authorization from your program supervisor
The data you have taken to track a client’s dressing skills is being reviewed at the meeting you are having with the BCBA. The BCBA states that this is not the data she is looking for and informs you of how she would like the data taken. You should ____?
a. Talk to the other therapists and tell them that you were reprimanded by the BCBA and they should do it the way you are since it is more effective
b. Do not change how you take the data, since you have always taken data in that way and it is how you were trained
c. Follow the way the BCBA is currently showing you and if you have additional questions ask the BCBA
d. Speak to the other therapists to see how they are taking the data and do as they do.
Answer: c. Follow the way the BCBA is currently showing you and if you have additional questions ask the BCBA
You are instructed to observe a client for 60 minutes, using partial interval recording on nail biting in 5-minute intervals. How would you take this data?
a. Mark it if the nail biting occurred anytime within each 5-minute interval
b. Mark it only if nail biting occurred for the entire 5-minute interval
c. Mark it only if the behavior occurred at the end of each 5-minute interval
d. Mark it only if the behavior did not occur at all during each 5-minute interval
Answer:a. Mark it if the nail biting occurred anytime within each 5-minute interval
Here is the skill acquisition plan for teaching Hannah to pour juice from the pitcher to the cup. 1) gather all materials (juice cup, and napkin) 2) hold your hand over Hannah’s hand and prompt her to put it on the pitcher 3) Therapist holds the cup 4) Help Hannah pour the juice into the cup while the therapist holds the cup 5) Prompt Hannah to wipe up anything that spills with the napkin. What do you need in order to be prepared to teach this lesson
a. Flash cards
b. A pitcher of juice, a cup, a napkin, and a reinforcer
c. A clear spot in the kitchen
d. All of the above
Answer: b. A pitcher of juice, a cup, a napkin, and a reinforcer
Which of the following is an example of permanent product recording?
a. Taking a spelling test by vocally spelling the words
b. Taking a spelling test by giving a thumb up to indicate when a word is spelled correctly
c. Taking a spelling test by typing the words on a worksheet and printing it out
d. Taking a spelling test and having the student spell the words using sign language
Answer: c. Taking a spelling test by typing the words on a worksheet and printing it out
Monica, an RBT, is providing training to the parent of one of her clients. While training, the parent asks Monica if she could help him to introduce a new goal to his child. The parent wants to teach his child to start eating new types of food. This has not been discussed with the BCBA on the case yet. Monica should ____.
a. Agreed to work on this during training because it is important to the parents
b. Not agree to work on the goal since it has not been discussed first with the supervisor of the program, and instead mention the parents request to her supervisor
c. Not agree to work on the goal but provide some referrals get an evaluation from a feeding specialist
d. Agree to work on this during training because it is important for children to have a balanced diet and good nutrition
Answer: b. Not agree to work on the goal since it has not been discussed first with the supervisor of the program, and instead mention the parents request to her supervisor
Your client’s rate self-injurious behavior has increased. The previous rate was 1 time per hour and the rate for your last session was 27 times per hour. You should ____?
a. Contact BCBA immediately and inform her of the behavior change after the session is over
b. Contact the other therapists to see if they are documenting the behavior correctly
c. Wait and see if the behavior decreases over the next several days
d. Tell the parents to cancel sessions for the rest of the week, he is obviously not feeling well and needs a chance to rest.
Answer: a. Contact BCBA immediately and inform her of the behavior change after the session is over
Which behavior is the easiest to measure?
a. Linda’s frustration
b. Linda shouting “NO”.
c. Linda’s irritation with her chores
d. Linda’s Stomach ache
Answer: b. Linda shouting “NO”.
Which of the following is an example of a stimulus control transfer procedure?
a. Pairing the instructions, “Make a sandwich,” with a video model, then fading the video model until the client can make a sandwich when given the instructions only
b. Offering choices of a sandwich or salad for lunch
c. Giving praise for making a sandwich within a 5-minute interval
d. Having the client discriminate between making a sandwich and making popcorn when given the specific instructions
Answer:a. Pairing the instructions, “Make a sandwich,” with a video model, then fading the video model until the client can make a sandwich when given the instructions only
Niko’s spitting is maintained by escape from demands and tasks. An appropriate replacement behavior for Niko’s spitting would be_____
a. Teaching Niko to spit in a cup
b. Teaching Niko to say, “Can we talk?”
c. Teaching Niko to sit nicely
d. Teaching Niko to request for a break
Answer: d. Teaching Niko to request for a break
When preparing for a session, the RBT should______.
a. Review previous notes from other staff working with the client
b. Review the BCBA’s notes since your last session
c. Collect the stimuli needed to complete the skill acquisition plan
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
Which of the following is likely a conditioned reinforcer?
a. A movie
b. Warmth
c. A drink
d. Food
Answer: a. A movie
Skill repertoire building is when instructors modify antecedents and consequences to ____ learning of new skills. Behavior management is when instructors modify antecedents and consequences to ____ challenging behaviors.
a. Stop; start
b. Increase; decrease
c. Decrease; increase
d. Start; stop
Answer: b. Increase; decrease
Extinction is best described as _____.
a. Removing reinforcement from a learner upon the occurrence of a particular behavior
b. Ignoring the learner for a set period of time following the occurrence of a particular behavior
c. No longer providing reinforcement for a particular behavior when it occurs
d. None of the above
Answer: c. No longer providing reinforcement for a particular behavior when it occurs
When inputting a data point on a behavioral graph, it is important to ____.
a. Record the date of the observation
b. Connect the data to the previous point on the graph in the same condition with a straight line
c. Record the initials of the staff member/observer
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
At first, Joshua was not interested in earning stickers for engaging in appropriate play activities. However, after stickers were paired with the delivery of oher reinforcers such as pretzels and social praise, Joshua is now motivated to earn stickers. In this example, a sticker would be considered to be a/an ________.
a. Conditioned reinforcer
b. Unconditioned reinforcer
c. Conditioned punisher
d. Unconditioned punisher
Answer: a. Conditioned reinforcer
A BCBA needs to conduct a formal assessment on a client, but suspects the client will have difficulty with motivation and will engage in problem behavior during the process. The BCBA could ____.
a. Have the RBT conduct the assessment
b. Have an RBT attend the assessment to manage these areas
c. Talk with the client beforehand and tell the client not to engage in the problem behavior
d. Talk with the parents of the client and let them know if their child does not behave, the assessment cannot be completed
Answer: b. Have an RBT attend the assessment to manage these areas
Jessica, an RBT, notices marks on the back and legs of her student. The student tells her that the marks are from the other day when her step-father got mad. What should Jessica do?
a. Ask the other staff working with the child if they have noticed anything or think that the client is being abused
b. Immediately set up a phone call with the mother and step-father to investigate what happened
c. Call the local child protective services agency to report the information as soon as possible
d. Do nothing as the client has been known to exaggerate and make up stories in the past
Answer: c. Call the local child protective services agency to report the information as soon as possible
Which is the most complete definition of behavior?
a. When a person engages in a destructive action
b. Anything a person says or does
c. Any socially inappropriate action a person engages in
d. Any socially appropriate action a person engages in
Answer: b. Anything a person says or does
As an RBT you can assist the BCBA in training other people that are important to the client’s program. Which of the following is NOT an appropriate way to assist the BCBA in training others?
a. Collecting data on caregiver performance
b. Demonstrating skills for other people to learn from
c. Creating new lessons to meeting the training goals
d. Allowing the other professional to observe your sessions
Answer: c. Creating new lessons to meeting the training goals
After school, the parents of one of your students asks how her child behaved at school that day. You are the child’s 1:1 aide in the classroom. Today the child demonstrated high rates of hitting and tantrum behaviors. What are you allowed to tell the parent?
a. Nothing. You are not the teacher and should not discuss anything with the parent
b. Only positive information about the day, so to not upset
c. A mixture of positive feedback, as well, as an accurate summary of the challenge the child encountered that day, since it is important to be honest yet positive and tactful when giving information to parents and caregivers
d. Tell parent about the hitting and tantrum behavior and that you think the child’s behavior intervention plan is not working.
Answer: c. A mixture of positive feedback, as well, as an accurate summary of the challenge the child encountered that day, since it is important to be honest yet positive and tactful when giving information to parents and caregivers
Intermittent reinforcement should occur
a. When moving from primary to secondary reinforcement
b. When teaching new behaviors or behaviors that are on acquisition
c. When maintaining behaviors that are already learned
d. When a learner does not respond well to continuous reinforcement
Answer: c. When maintaining behaviors that are already learned
Robert is implementing a 5-minute DRO (differential reinforcement of other behaviors) produced with his client to reduce his pinching behavior. In order to implement DRO Correctly, after every 5-minuets that his client does not engage in pinching, Robert should___?
a. Give his client a reinforcer
b. Rest the time interval for the next 5-minuets
c. Record that no pinching occurred during the interval onto the data sheet
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
Which of the following situation(s) would be reportable as instances of suspected abuse or neglect?
a. Causing an intentional physical injury
b. Making terrorizing or threatening statements
c. Withholding nourishment and water as a form of punishment
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
Data collection is a critical component of behavior analysis because ___?
a. It allows for data based decisions
b. It allows for monitoring progress and identifying skill deficits
c. It helps determine skill mastery
d. All of the above
Answer:d. All of the above
If an instructor is teaching naturalistically, he should___.
a. Speak in a natural voice
b. Only work at a teaching table
c. Always use teaching cards
d. Speak in a louder more authoritative voice
Answer:a. Speak in a natural voice
It is always important to start with function-based behavior intervention plans. Which most accurate describes some of the most commonly found functions of behavior in research?
a. Maladaptive behavior, antecedent behavior, and consequences
b. Anger, frustration, emotional self-control and protesting
c. Social positive reinforcement (attention and access to tangible), social negative reinforcement (escape), and automatic reinforcement.
d. All of the above
Answer:c. Social positive reinforcement (attention and access to tangible), social negative reinforcement (escape), and automatic reinforcement.
Claire’s therapy team taught her to wash her hands. Three months later, Claire can still wash her hands independently with no prompts, and she does so on her own at appropriate times. Claire’s hand washing behavior has been successfully___.
a. Maintained
b. Generalized
c. Prompted
d. Differentially reinforced
Answer:a. Maintained
When preparing to take data on a target behavior, it is important to first identify___.
a. The definition of the behavior
b. The type of data collection procedure
c. What items are needed to take data (i.e. pencil, clicker, stopwatch)
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
When updating a caregiver, parent or grandparent regarding how the client performed during a session, it is important to _____?
a. Balance out difficult feedback with positive feedback
b. Discuss in length the challenging behaviors of the client during the session so that the parent can adequately discipline the child afterwards
c. Only share positive information; they are dealing with difficult things outside of session and do not need to be further burden
d. Not share with the caregiver how the session was, as you are not the supervisor of the program
Answer: a. Balance out difficult feedback with positive feedback
Jordan is learning to read color words, such as brown, red and purple. His teacher wants to use a stimulus fading procedure to help him learn the targets. Which of the following is an example of a stimulus fading procedure?
a. Writing the word “red” in black ink with a thick red border, which is gradually faded to thinner border and eventually removed
b. Placing a red square underneath the word “red”, and gradually lightening the shade of the red square until it is completely
c. Having pictures of red items drawn next to the word, “red” on an index card and gradually removed from the card one at a time
d. All of the above
Answer:d. All of the above
The repeated presentation of the same discriminative stimulus is called ___.
a. Error correction procedure
b. Discrimination training
c. Mass trial/in isolation
d. Random rotation
Answer: c. Mass trial/ in isolation
All of these are methods for establishing chains of behavior except
a. Backward chaining
b. Total task presentation
c. Semi-task presentation
d. Forward chaining
Answer: c. Semi-task presentation
When working on a new morning routine, Giana engages in high levels of tantrum behavior. As a consequence, each time Giana engages in tantrum behavior you immediately place her in time-out for a brief period and then return back to the morning routine. This goes on for some time. What is a possible reason why time-out may not be reducing the tantrum behavior?
a. Giana does not find the time-out location to be reinforcing
b. The therapist is different throughout the week, but they each follow the behavior plan
c. Giana is getting to escape the routine and is not engaged in a reinforcing activity prior to the time-out procedure
d. All of the above
Answer: c. Giana is getting to escape the routine and is not engaged in a reinforcing activity prior to the time-out procedure
The program supervisor asks the RBT to sign a timesheet. The RBT notices that the timesheet is wrong because she has never worked with that particular learner. She tells the program supervisor that there must have been a mistake. The program supervisor tells the RBT, “That’s okay, you should just sign it anyway, that is the only way we will get paid.” The most ethical choice for the RBT is to ______.
a. Follow the instructions of her supervisor and sign the timesheet because her supervisor told her to
b. Sign the timesheet but do not use her full name
c. Not sign the timesheet
d. Not sign the timesheet and report her program supervisor because this is fraudulent
Answer: d. Not sign the timesheet and report her program supervisor because this is fraudulent
Tito engages in slapping behavior when presented with instructions during learning activities. The behavior has been determined to be maintained by escape from demands. The behavior intervention plan indicates that the therapists will teach Tito to sign the word “break” so that he can get what he needs without slapping. Extinction is to be used as an intervention when slapping occurs. You present the instruction for a learning activity and Tito slaps you. Which best explains how you would implement the intervention?
a. Block the slapping behavior with your hand, provide the instruction “hands down,” and continue the learning activity.
b. Provide Tito with a break since one is clearly needed
c. Reinforce Tito for not engaging in slapping for designated periods of time. When slapping does occur, ignore the behavior
d. Continue presenting the instruction and do not respond to the slapping behavior
Answer:d. Continue presenting the instruction and do not respond to the slapping behavior
When looking at the interaction between a behavior and the environment, which of the following would be considered part of the “environment?”
a. The physical location
b. The presence of loud music playing
c. The presence of a large group of students in the hallway
d. All of the above
Answer:d. All of the above
A stimulus control transfer procedure refers to ______.
a. A procedure where reinforcement is gradually thinned and faded away
b. A procedure where target responses are taught in their natural environment with naturally occurring reinforcement
c. A procedure where one stimulus which controls a certain behavior is paired with another stimulus until the new stimulus gains control over the behavior
d. A procedure where learned responses are generalized across different people and places
Answer: c. A procedure where one stimulus which controls a certain behavior is paired with another stimulus until the new stimulus gains control over the behavior
Prior to beginning your session, you read the general session notes from the previous RBT. The note says: “Alex had a fantastic session, great job big guy! He engaged in self-injurious behavior at a rate of 3/hr. He manded for his videos using full sentence responses, including the person’s name on his ACD. He mastered expressively identifying purple, imitating pointing and completing the puzzle of the truck.” Which part of the note should not be included?
a. He engaged in self-injurious behavior at a rate of 3/hr.
b. He manded for his videos using full sentence responses, including the person’s name on his ACD.
c. Alex had a fantastic session, great job big guy!
d. He mastered expressively identifying purple, imitating pointing and completing the puzzle of the truck.
Answer: c. Alex had a fantastic session, great job big guy!
Pablo is allowed by his teacher to escape a work sheet task due to his tantrum behavior. Pablo’s escape from the task is considered what type of consequence?
a. Socially mediated positive reinforcement
b. Socially mediated negative reinforcement
c. Automatic positive reinforcement
d. Automatic negative reinforcement
Answer: b. Socially mediated negative reinforcement
Select the answer which best describes ways to help protect the learner’s confidentiality.
a. Keep notes discretely when in public, do not discuss your clients with family or friends, and do not leave information regarding the agency you work for or the learner’s diagnosis in a voicemail message
b. Wear your work badge in community settings, use paperwork that lists the learner’s identity on it, discuss individual learners with all parents so they can compare and understand if their child is doing well
c. Discuss your learner’s difficulties with other providers to problem solve their issues, hang pictures of your learners in your office and post on social media the great things your learner does
d. Put your learner’s name in the subject area of an email so that the recipients know it is important, wear a shirt that says “I love people with (client’s diagnosis) when on a community outing with a learner and leave paperwork with client’s names on it in your car rather than bringing it into your house.
Answer: a. Keep notes discretely when in public, do not discuss your clients with family or friends, and do not leave information regarding the agency you work for or the learner’s diagnosis in a voicemail message
You have been asked to assist in a functional assessment procedure regarding Miguel’s hitting behavior. The functional assessment will help to identify ____.
a. What happens right before Miguel hits
b. What happens right after Miguel hits
c. During which activities and times of day does Miguel hit the most often
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
Typically, _____ reinforcement is used to strengthen a new behavior that is being acquired by a client, and ______ reinforcement is used to maintain a skill once it has been learned.
a. Effective / ineffective
b. Positive / negative
c. Continuous / intermittent
d. Natural / unnatural
Answer: c. Continuous / intermittent
Before you start your session, you ask your client if he wants to work for the opportunity to play a game or if he wants to work for video game time. Asking him what he wants to earn is called ______.
a. A preference assessment
b. Reinforcement
c. Discrimination training
d. Assessment indication
a. A preference assessment
When teaching a lesson that includes a behavior chain, a ____ data sheet may be used to record complete and accurate data.
a. A-B-C data sheet
b. Discrete trial
c. Scatter plot
d. Task analysis
Answer: d. Task analysis
A client has mastered following the instruction, “Hang up your coat,” when asked to do this by the RBT. In order to teach the client to respond to this instruction with the parent, the RBT and the parent pair themselves together while the RBT gives the instruction, and eventually the parent takes over giving the instruction with the RBT present. This is an example of _____.
a. Unconditioned reinforcement
b. Punishment
c. Token economy
d. Stimulus control transfer procedure
Answer: d. Stimulus control transfer procedure
If you are working with a client that is very physically active, moves quickly, and is aggressive towards himself and others, you should prepare for the session by wearing ____.
a. Your name bade and lanyard
b. Baggy clothing
c. Sneakers/ tennis shoes
d. Jewelry
Answer: c. Sneakers/ tennis shoes
Paul engages in eloping (running away) to escape when difficult or non-preferred tasks are given to him. His team has implemented antecedent changes by giving him frequent breaks throughout the day and mixing in easy task with difficult tasks. They have also adjusted the consequences by bringing him back to the area and not allowing him to escape the task by ending it. What else is needed in order for these interventions to be considered a COMPLETE behavior intervention plan?
a. Discrimination training
b. Chaining
c. A replacement behavior to give Paul a more appropriate way to access breaks or escape
d. None of the above
Answer: c. A replacement behavior to give Paul a more appropriate way to access breaks or escape
After your session, the caregivers of your client asks to talk to you. They ask you how much longer your client will need behavioral therapy. You should ____.
a. Tell them you will go home and research the answer to their question
b. Tell them you will have the BCBA contact you to discuss that question
c. Tell them that with your experience, you think two more years of intense therapy and the client will be done
d. Tell them that you think the client is done now and they should discontinue services
Answer:b. Tell them you will have the BCBA contact you to discuss that question
“Visual representations that displays a comparison of one or more sets of data over a period of time,” best define _____.
a. Discrimination
b. Graphs
c. Visual prompting strategies
d. Discriminative stimulus
Answer: b. Graphs
Sergio is an RBT working with several clients in a clinic setting. The families of two of his clients, Henry and Sam, know each other and often spend time together socially. One day Sergio is working in a social skills group at the clinic with both of the clients. Afterward, Henry’s mother approaches Sergio and asks how the session went, for both Henry and Sam. What is Sergio allowed to discuss with Henry’s mother?
a. Sergio can discuss both Henry and Sam since the families are connected socially
b. Sergio can only discuss matters concerning Henry, since it would be a violation of confidentiality to discuss Sam with another parent
c. Sergio should not discuss anything related to either Henry or Sam since he is not the teacher or supervisor
d. None of the above
Answer:b. Sergio can only discuss matters concerning Henry, since it would be a violation of confidentiality to discuss Sam with another parent
A behavior chain is best defined as _____.
a. The systematic reinforcement of successive approximations of a target behavior while no longer providing reinforcement for previous approximations
b. The repeated presentation of one stimulus over consecutive trials
c. Teaching discrimination between two or more stimuli
d. A sequence of discriminative stimuli and responses where each response in the sequence produces the discriminative stimulus for the next response
Answer:d. A sequence of discriminative stimuli and responses where each response in the sequence produces the discriminative stimulus for the next response
When writing general session notes, an RBT should _____.
a. Report objective information
b. Avoid subjective opinions
c. Use professional language
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
The procedure that teaches an individual to distinguish between two or more discriminative stimuli is called ______.
a. Error correction procedure
b. Discrimination training
c. Mass trial
d. Prompt hierarchy
Answer: b. Discrimination training
Justin engages in yelling during break time at his adult work placement. The yelling behavior is maintained by attention from his instructor and peers. After realizing the issue, the instructor starts to give Justin attention every 5 minutes throughout his day in the form of praise, pats on the back, and thumbs up, regardless of Justin’s behavior. Justin’s rate of yelling begins to decrease. This is an example of what antecedent intervention?
a. Non-contingent reinforcement (NCR)
b. Demand fading
c. Functional communication training
d. Behavior momentum
Answer:a. Non-contingent reinforcement (NCR)
Continuous reinforcement should be used for ____.
a. Items that have been mastered and are being generalized to the natural environment
b. Items that are mastered and are being maintained
c. Teaching new behaviors that are on acquisition
d. Items on acquisition and that are mastered
Answer:c. Teaching new behaviors that are on acquisition
Dual relationships between an RBT and a client include which of the following situations?
a. Babysitting or provided respite care for a client that you work with
b. Attending a social gathering at the invitation of a client or his mother
c. Providing treatment services to the son or daughter of a friend
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
If you were teaching a child to receptively identify colors and you were maximizing discrimination between the colors, in which order would you NOT teach the colors?
a. Red, blue, yellow, white
b. Blue, black, brown, purple
c. Purple, red, white, brown
d. Blue, red, white, green
Answer:b. Blue, black, brown, purple
Which of the following is a true statement regarding an RBT having a dual relationship with a client?
a. Dual relationships with clients are acceptable and result in good working relationships between professionals and clients
b. Dual relationships should be avoided at all times as they can impair the clinical judgement of the professionals to do what is right for the client
c. Dual relationships are impossible to avoid and typically do not have a detrimental effect on the client’s treatment
d. Only romantic or sexual relationships are considered dual relationships
Answer:b. Dual relationships should be avoided at all times as they can impair the clinical judgement of the professionals to do what is right for the client
A motivating operation (MO) is _____.
a. The outcome that immediately follows the learner’s response
b. An antecedent condition that momentarily affects the value of an item and affects the likelihood that behaviors which have produced that item in the past will occur
c. The procedure of providing consequences for a behavior that increases or maintains the strength of that behavior
d. The time between the end of one trial and the start of the next
Answer:b. An antecedent condition that momentarily affects the value of an item and affects the likelihood that behaviors which have produced that item in the past will occur
The skill acquisition plan for the lesson teaching toileting says that each of the staff should be sure to have a digital timer ready in the bathroom. The skill acquisition plan also mentions that Bob prefers wet wipes over actual toilet paper when having a bowel movement. What should you be prepared for when the toilet training lesson arises in your session with Bob?
a. Bob will likely not want to go to your bathroom
b. Make sure that no other family member is in the bathroom
c. Be prepared with wet wipes
d. Make sure you have a digital timer as well as wet wipes so you are prepared for this program
Answer:d. Make sure you have a digital timer as well as wet wipes so you are prepared for this program
A parent discloses to Stephanie, and RBT, that she wants to start giving her child sensory breaks when he tantrums, as recommended by another professional. She wants to do this in place of the current intervention that has been recommended by the BCBA supervisor. How should Stephanie respond?
a. Discuss the research with the parent and tell her that sensory approaches do not work
b. Tell the parent that she should discuss this with the BCBA supervisor, and communicate this with her supervisor after her session
c. Agree to the parent’s request and start implementing sensory breaks instead of the existing intervention, since it is what the parents want
d. Contact the other professional and discuss the new approach directly with him
Answer: b. Tell the parent that she should discuss this with the BCBA supervisor, and communicate this with her supervisor after her session
A therapist is using duration recording to track how long Julio can stay in his seat during a 10 minute group lesson. Julio stayed in his seat for 7 minutes of the 10-minute activity. What does the therapist enter in the session notes to record the accurate duration?
a. 0.7
b. 7 minutes
c. 3 minutes
d. 0.3
Answer:b. 7 minutes
Duties that an RBT can perform during a formal assessment include ____.
a. Engaging with the client during breaks
b. Assisting with reinforcement and preference assessments
c. Redirecting challenging behaviors with the consent of the assessor
d. All of the above
Answer:d. All of the above
You are working with Rico and you are using a video game as a reinforcer. He stops responding and begins to push away the controller for the game. What should you do?
a. Take away a token
b. Conduct a preference assessment
c. Ignore his behavior and continue demands
d. Prompt him through the task
Answer:b. Conduct a preference assessment
When using whole interval data recording, it is important to know _____.
a. The definition of the target behavior
b. The duration of the intervals
c. How many intervals you will need to track and record the data
d. All of the above
Answer:d. All of the above
The essential components of a written behavior reduction plan include:
a. An operational definition of the behavior
b. Identified function of the behavior
c. Antecedent modifications, replacement behaviors, and consequence manipulations
d. All of the above
Answer: d. All of the above
When working with a client, it is important to maintain the client’s dignity. Which is an example of maintaining a client’s dignity?
a. Allowing the client to choose which leisure time activity he would like to do
b. Choose all of your client’s activities for the day, to make it easier on him
c. Leave the bathroom door open when conducting toilet training so that you have more room
d. Talk about your client’s problem behaviors in front of him to other staff
Answer:a. Allowing the client to choose which leisure time activity he would like to do
The instructor is following the learner’s lead in the treatment session, including choosing learning activities based on what the learner is interested in and using items that are naturally reinforcing to the learner. This might best be categorized as _____.
a. Natural environment training
b. Discrete trial teaching
c. Child development training
d. Natural discrete training
Answer:a. Natural environment training
Judah spent 3 minutes chewing, 1.5 minutes commenting, and 1 minute staring out the window during the snack break. What was the duration of time he spent commenting?
a. 3 minutes
b. 4.5 minutes
c. 1.5 minutes
d. 5.5 minutes
Answer:c. 1.5 minutes
You suspect your learner is being abused. It is Friday night and no one from your office will be working with the learner over the weekend. You have tried to call your supervisor and she is not answering her phone. You should ______.
a. Try to explain your concern to the learner’s family
b. Leave a message for your supervisor and discuss it with him when he calls you back
c. Call your local child protective services hotline and report your concern
d. Take the learner home with you to protect him
Answer:c. Call your local child protective services hotline and report your concern
Suset, a teenage client, has started her monthly female cycle. The staff have to assist with all personal care issues in this group home. In order to preserve her dignity the RBT should ____.
a. Write, “buy feminine products for Suset” on the kitchen wipe board to remind the other staff to get supplies for Suset
b. In the group meeting with the other teens make sure to ask Suset, “Hey, do you need any feminine products?”
c. Approach Suset when she is by herself and ask her if she needs any supplies this week for hygiene
d. Don’t talk to Suset about this because it is private
Answer:c. Approach Suset when she is by herself and ask her if she needs any supplies this week for hygiene