ANS And Endocrine System Chapter 15-17 Answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is illustrated by the purple neurons?

ANSWER : parasympathetic

Which type of nerve fibers make up the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

ANSWER : sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse?

ANSWER : sympathetic trunk and collateral ganglia

Where are cell bodies of somatic motor neurons located?

ANSWER : ventral horn and spinal cord

Which region of the spinal cord does NOT contain any autonomic neurons?

ANSWER : cervical

The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is characterized by __________.

ANSWER : localized effects on specific organs and short postganglionic axons near organ of innervation

Which of these statements accurately describes how the general visceral motor system of the autonomic 

nervous system (ANS) differs from the general somatic motor system?

ANSWER : C. Motor units in the ANS include a chain of two motor neurons.

Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between the sympathetic and 

parasympathetic divisions of the ANS ?

ANSWER : D. They innervate many of the same visceral organs

The ANS is the system of __________ neurons that regulates such functions as __________.

ANSWER : motor / heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure

Postganglionic sympathetic fibers to sweat glands and peripheral blood vessels secrete _________.

ANSWER : acetylcholine

The general visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system describes the _________________.

ANSWER : autonomic nervous system

Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies outside the CNS.

ANSWER : post-ganglionic neuron

Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies within the CNS.

ANSWER : pre-ganglionic neuron

Division that is dominant during exercise, excitement, or emergencies.

ANSWER : sympathetic

Which of these is not innervated by the ANS?

ANSWER : A. skeletal muscle

Another name for the ANS is the _____________.

ANSWER : general visceral motor system.

Which of these descriptions is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

ANSWER : B. production of goose bumps

The trunk ganglia contain what kind of cell bodies?

ANSWER : postganglionic sympathetic

Cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the _____________.

ANSWER : lateral gray horns of the spinal cord

Which autonomic division increases heart rate?

ANSWER : sympathetic

Which of these organs/tissues are NOT innervated by parasympathetic fibers, or do not exhibit 

parasympathetic effects?

ANSWER : D. sweat glands, arrestor pili muscles, and adipose tissue

Division of the ANS responsible for the fight-or-flight response describes the ___________.

ANSWER : sympathetic division

Division of the ANS most active during vigorous exercise describes the __________.

ANSWER : sympathetic division

Division of the ANS most active when the body is at rest describes the _______________.

ANSWER : parasympathetic division

This division can also be called the craniosacral division.

ANSWER : parasympathetic division

Division that is dominant during rest, digestion, and excretion.

ANSWER : parasympathetic division

Which division of the autonomic nervous system has preganglionic fibers within the facial nerve?

ANSWER : parasympathetic division

All of the following have only sympathetic innervation except the____________.

ANSWER : C. salivary glands

Which of the following cranial nerves does not supply parasympathetic fibers to the head?

ANSWER : C. vagus

The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by_______________________.

ANSWER : peripheral ganglia near the organs, and short postganglionic fibers.

The site of origin of the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system is the___________.

ANSWER : brain stem and the sacral region of the cord.

Cranial parasympathetic outflow is contained in all of the following cranial nerves except the

ANSWER : A. accessory

In which autonomic division do nerve cell bodies lie closest to the organs being innervated?

ANSWER : parasympathetic

Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers of the head travel within the_____________.

ANSWER : trigeminal nerve.

Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the________________.

ANSWER : thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.

Over 90% of all preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are in cranial nerve

ANSWER : Vagus nerve (CN X)

What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of respiratory bronchioles in the lungs?

ANSWER : constriction

which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : sympathetic trunk ganglia

Which statement is true concerning the innervation of adrenal medulla?

ANSWER : C. Preganglionic sympathetic axons terminate in the adrenal medulla and stimulate the 

release of acetycholine

If you were very nervous about speaking in front of a group of people, which of the following would be 

likely to develop?

ANSWER : D. dry mouth, due to sympathetic inhibition of secretions from the salivary glands

What is the role of the gray rami communicantes?

ANSWER : They are the postganglionic sympathetic axons that direct impulses to intended peripheral 

organs.

The sympathetic pathways to the extremities, direct impulses to which of these structures/tissues?

ANSWER : C. arrestor pili muscles and sweat glands

Short nerve branches that connect the ventral rami of spinal nerves to the sympathetic ganglia.

ANSWER : rami communicantes

Ganglia of this structure are connected to the ventral rami of spinal nerves through the rami 

communicantes.

ANSWER : sympathetic trunk

Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the sweat glands in skin?

ANSWER : sympathetic

The gray and white rami communicantes attach to the_________.

ANSWER : ventral rami

What stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete its excitatory neurohormones?

ANSWER : preganglionic sympathetic neurons

Which of these statements concerning gray rami communicantes is incorrect?

ANSWER : D. They contain all the preganglionic fibers traveling to the sympathetic chain.

Cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the____________.

ANSWER : lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord.

Identify the pathway that correctly traces the movement of preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

ANSWER : ventral root to white ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of____________.

ANSWER : sympathetic stimulation.

Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion?

ANSWER : in the armpit

umbilical region / superior right thoracic region and superior right quadrant

ANSWER : umbilical region / superior right thoracic region and superior right quadrant

Control of temperature, of autonomic nervous reflexes, of hunger, and of sleep are functions associated 

with the_______________.

ANSWER : hypothalamus.

The part of the brain that exerts more control over autonomic functioning than any other part is 

the______________.

ANSWER : hypothalamus

The overall integrating center for the ANS.

ANSWER : hypothalamus

Stimulation of the vagus nerve in the baroreceptor reflex causes __________.

ANSWER : decreased heart rate

The enteric nervous system functions __________.

ANSWER : entirely within the wall of the digestive tube

What influence does the cerebral cortex have on the ANS?

ANSWER : Voluntary sympathetic activation occurs when the cerebral cortex acts on the amygdala when 

one remembers a scary event.

The major stimulus for the release of thyroid hormone is______________.

ANSWER : hormonal

Compared to most other organs in the body, endocrine organs are_________.

ANSWER : well vascularized.

Which of the purely endocrine organs contain modified neurons that produce and secrete 

neurohormones?

ANSWER : posterior lobe of the pituitary and adrenal medullae

The thyroid gland is located_______.

ANSWER : immediately inferior to the larynx.

Cells that manufacture and secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone are located in the______________.

ANSWER : pars distalis.

Cells that manufacture and secrete aldosterone are located in the________________.

ANSWER : zona glomerulosa.

Which of the following hormones is secreted by neurons?

ANSWER : B. oxytocin

The secretion of hormones by the anterior lobe of the pituitary is controlled by the__________.

ANSWER : hypothalamus.

The adrenal medulla secretes___________.

ANSWER : epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

ANSWER : A. ADH

Gland of the posterior diencephalon.

ANSWER : pineal gland

Which portion of the adrenal gland secretes hormones in response to “fight-or-flight” situations?

ANSWER : medulla

Blood levels of which substance are regulated by secretion from the illustrated glands?

ANSWER : calcium

What stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland?

ANSWER : TSH secreted by the anterior pituitary

Which organ is influenced by antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

ANSWER : kidney

The hormone produced by the heart______.

ANSWER : increases the excretion of sodium in the urine.

Erythropoietin is produced in the_______.

ANSWER : kidney

Vitamin D is synthesized and secreted by_______.

ANSWER : the epidermis

Which of the following hormones is not produced by the placenta?

ANSWER : B. testosterone

Which of the following hormones is secreted by cardiac muscle cells?

ANSWER : C. atrial natriuretic hormone

Diabetes insipidus can be caused by trauma to the________

ANSWER : posterior pituitary gland.

Individuals with type 2 diabetes______.

ANSWER : may often control their disease by diet and exercise

which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : tuber cinereum

which gland is highlighted?

ANSWER : pituitary gland

which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : pineal gland

which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : pancreas

which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : kidney

which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : adrenal gland

Which gland is highlighted?

ANSWER : thymus

Which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : pituitary gland

Which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : pineal gland

Which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : parathyroid glands

Which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : pancreas

Which hormone released by this organ stimulates red blood cell synthesis?

ANSWER : erythropoietin

which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : kidney

which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : hypothalamus

which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : adrenal cortex

Effects caused by stimulation of the parasympathetic division include

ANSWER :   erection, contraction of smooth muscle of bladder wall, and increased motility of digestive organs

If you were very nervous about speaking in front of a group of people, which of the following would be 

likely to develop?

ANSWER :   dry mouth, due to sympathetic inhibition of secretions from the salivary glands

Which statement is true concerning the innervation of adrenal medulla?

ANSWER :   Preganglionic sympathetic axons terminate in the adrenal medulla and stimulate the release of  epinephrine and norepinephrine.

The functions of the vagus nerves include

ANSWER :   stimulation of glandular secretions from digestive and accessory digestive organs and increased motility 

of the digestive tract

__________disease is characterized by intermittent attacks of exaggerated sympathetic vasoconstriction 

of blood vessels of the hands and feet, followed by vasodilation.

ANSWER :   raynauds

The ANS is the system of __________ neurons that regulates such functions as __________.

ANSWER :   motor / heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure

Which of the following statements best describes the anatomical organization of the somatic and 

autonomic divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

ANSWER :   The somatic nervous system has one neuron from the central nervous system to the target tissue, while  the autonomic nervous system is set on a two-neuronal relay.

it uses acetylcholine as its only neurotransmitter

ANSWER :   somatic nervous system

it targets skeletal muscle

ANSWER :   somatic nervous system

one of its divisions is the sympathetic nervous system

ANSWER :   autonomic nervous system

it uses acetylcholine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters

ANSWER :   autonomic nervous system

it targets cardiac and smooth muscles

ANSWER :   autonomic nervous system

cell bodies are located in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord

ANSWER :   sympathetic nervous system

some preganglionic fibers synapse with the adrenal gland

ANSWER :   sympathetic nervous system

the heart is a target

ANSWER :   both

cell bodies are located in the brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord

ANSWER :   parasympathetic nervous system

postganglionic fibers are short

ANSWER :   parasympathetic nervous system

skeletal muscles are targets

ANSWER :   neither

Which of these statements about sympathetic trunk ganglia is accurate?

ANSWER : The sacral ganglia lie medial to the sacral foramina.

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is illustrated by the purple neurons?

ANSWER : parasympathetic division

Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between the sympathetic and 

parasympathetic divisions of the ANS ?

ANSWER : They innervate many of the same visceral organs.

In the pathway leading to the lacrimal and nasal glands, the preganglionic neurons synapse with 

ganglionic neurons in the__________

ANSWER : pterygopalatine ganglion

Which of these statements accurately describes how the general visceral motor system of the autonomic 

nervous system (ANS) differs from the general somatic motor system?

ANSWER : Motor units in the ANS include a chain of two motor neurons.

Which cranial nerve carries parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

ANSWER : CN X (Vagus)

Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse?

ANSWER : sympathetic trunk and collateral ganglia

The CNS structure that is the main integration center of the ANS is the__________.

ANSWER : hypothalamus

Which of these statements regarding the collateral ganglia of the sympathetic division is FALSE?

ANSWER : They are the same as the sympathetic trunk ganglia.

Activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS causes__________of bronchioles

ANSWER : Dilation

The adrenal medulla is different from the remainder of the sympathetic division because __________.

ANSWER : modified postganglionic neurons in the medulla secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, which act as blood-borne neurohormones, rather than as neurotransmitters

The medial and anterior regions of the hypothalamus direct__________functions

ANSWER : parasympathetic