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ANS And Endocrine System Chapter 15-17 Answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is illustrated by the purple neurons?

ANSWER : parasympathetic


Which type of nerve fibers make up the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

ANSWER : sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers


Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse?

ANSWER : sympathetic trunk and collateral ganglia


Where are cell bodies of somatic motor neurons located?

ANSWER : ventral horn and spinal cord


Which region of the spinal cord does NOT contain any autonomic neurons?

ANSWER : cervical


The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is characterized by __________.

ANSWER : localized effects on specific organs and short postganglionic axons near organ of innervation


Which of these statements accurately describes how the general visceral motor system of the autonomic 

nervous system (ANS) differs from the general somatic motor system?

ANSWER : C. Motor units in the ANS include a chain of two motor neurons.


Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between the sympathetic and 

parasympathetic divisions of the ANS ?

ANSWER : D. They innervate many of the same visceral organs


The ANS is the system of __________ neurons that regulates such functions as __________.

ANSWER : motor / heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure


Postganglionic sympathetic fibers to sweat glands and peripheral blood vessels secrete _________.

ANSWER : acetylcholine


The general visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system describes the _________________.

ANSWER : autonomic nervous system


Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies outside the CNS.

ANSWER : post-ganglionic neuron


Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies within the CNS.

ANSWER : pre-ganglionic neuron


Division that is dominant during exercise, excitement, or emergencies.

ANSWER : sympathetic


Which of these is not innervated by the ANS?

ANSWER : A. skeletal muscle


Another name for the ANS is the _____________.

ANSWER : general visceral motor system.


Which of these descriptions is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

ANSWER : B. production of goose bumps


The trunk ganglia contain what kind of cell bodies?

ANSWER : postganglionic sympathetic


Cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the _____________.

ANSWER : lateral gray horns of the spinal cord


Which autonomic division increases heart rate?

ANSWER : sympathetic


Which of these organs/tissues are NOT innervated by parasympathetic fibers, or do not exhibit 

parasympathetic effects?

ANSWER : D. sweat glands, arrestor pili muscles, and adipose tissue


Division of the ANS responsible for the fight-or-flight response describes the ___________.

ANSWER : sympathetic division


Division of the ANS most active during vigorous exercise describes the __________.

ANSWER : sympathetic division


Division of the ANS most active when the body is at rest describes the _______________.

ANSWER : parasympathetic division


This division can also be called the craniosacral division.

ANSWER : parasympathetic division


Division that is dominant during rest, digestion, and excretion.

ANSWER : parasympathetic division



Which division of the autonomic nervous system has preganglionic fibers within the facial nerve?

ANSWER : parasympathetic division


All of the following have only sympathetic innervation except the____________.

ANSWER : C. salivary glands


Which of the following cranial nerves does not supply parasympathetic fibers to the head?

ANSWER : C. vagus


The parasympathetic nervous system is characterized by_______________________.

ANSWER : peripheral ganglia near the organs, and short postganglionic fibers.


The site of origin of the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system is the___________.

ANSWER : brain stem and the sacral region of the cord.


Cranial parasympathetic outflow is contained in all of the following cranial nerves except the

ANSWER : A. accessory


In which autonomic division do nerve cell bodies lie closest to the organs being innervated?

ANSWER : parasympathetic


Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers of the head travel within the_____________.

ANSWER : trigeminal nerve.


Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the________________.

ANSWER : thoracolumbar region, and the postganglionic fibers secrete norepinephrine.


Over 90% of all preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are in cranial nerve

ANSWER : Vagus nerve (CN X)


What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation of respiratory bronchioles in the lungs?

ANSWER : constriction


which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : sympathetic trunk ganglia


Which statement is true concerning the innervation of adrenal medulla?

ANSWER : C. Preganglionic sympathetic axons terminate in the adrenal medulla and stimulate the 

release of acetycholine


If you were very nervous about speaking in front of a group of people, which of the following would be 

likely to develop?


ANSWER : D. dry mouth, due to sympathetic inhibition of secretions from the salivary glands


What is the role of the gray rami communicantes?

ANSWER : They are the postganglionic sympathetic axons that direct impulses to intended peripheral 

organs.


The sympathetic pathways to the extremities, direct impulses to which of these structures/tissues?

ANSWER : C. arrestor pili muscles and sweat glands


Short nerve branches that connect the ventral rami of spinal nerves to the sympathetic ganglia.

ANSWER : rami communicantes


Ganglia of this structure are connected to the ventral rami of spinal nerves through the rami 

communicantes.

ANSWER : sympathetic trunk


Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the sweat glands in skin?

ANSWER : sympathetic


The gray and white rami communicantes attach to the_________.

ANSWER : ventral rami


What stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete its excitatory neurohormones?

ANSWER : preganglionic sympathetic neurons


Which of these statements concerning gray rami communicantes is incorrect?

ANSWER : D. They contain all the preganglionic fibers traveling to the sympathetic chain.


Cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the____________.

ANSWER : lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord.


Identify the pathway that correctly traces the movement of preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

ANSWER : ventral root to white ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion


The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of____________.

ANSWER : sympathetic stimulation.


Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion?

ANSWER : in the armpit


umbilical region / superior right thoracic region and superior right quadrant


ANSWER : umbilical region / superior right thoracic region and superior right quadrant


Control of temperature, of autonomic nervous reflexes, of hunger, and of sleep are functions associated 

with the_______________.

ANSWER : hypothalamus.


The part of the brain that exerts more control over autonomic functioning than any other part is 

the______________.

ANSWER : hypothalamus


The overall integrating center for the ANS.

ANSWER : hypothalamus


Stimulation of the vagus nerve in the baroreceptor reflex causes __________.

ANSWER : decreased heart rate


The enteric nervous system functions __________.

ANSWER : entirely within the wall of the digestive tube


What influence does the cerebral cortex have on the ANS?

ANSWER : Voluntary sympathetic activation occurs when the cerebral cortex acts on the amygdala when 

one remembers a scary event.


The major stimulus for the release of thyroid hormone is______________.

ANSWER : hormonal


Compared to most other organs in the body, endocrine organs are_________.

ANSWER : well vascularized.


Which of the purely endocrine organs contain modified neurons that produce and secrete 

neurohormones?

ANSWER : posterior lobe of the pituitary and adrenal medullae


The thyroid gland is located_______.

ANSWER : immediately inferior to the larynx.


Cells that manufacture and secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone are located in the______________.

ANSWER : pars distalis.


Cells that manufacture and secrete aldosterone are located in the________________.


ANSWER : zona glomerulosa.


Which of the following hormones is secreted by neurons?

ANSWER : B. oxytocin


The secretion of hormones by the anterior lobe of the pituitary is controlled by the__________.

ANSWER : hypothalamus.


The adrenal medulla secretes___________.

ANSWER : epinephrine and norepinephrine.


Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary?

ANSWER : A. ADH


Gland of the posterior diencephalon.

ANSWER : pineal gland


Which portion of the adrenal gland secretes hormones in response to “fight-or-flight” situations?

ANSWER : medulla


Blood levels of which substance are regulated by secretion from the illustrated glands?

ANSWER : calcium


What stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland?

ANSWER : TSH secreted by the anterior pituitary


Which organ is influenced by antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

ANSWER : kidney


The hormone produced by the heart______.

ANSWER : increases the excretion of sodium in the urine.


Erythropoietin is produced in the_______.

ANSWER : kidney


Vitamin D is synthesized and secreted by_______.

ANSWER : the epidermis


Which of the following hormones is not produced by the placenta?

ANSWER : B. testosterone


Which of the following hormones is secreted by cardiac muscle cells?


ANSWER : C. atrial natriuretic hormone


Diabetes insipidus can be caused by trauma to the________

ANSWER : posterior pituitary gland.


Individuals with type 2 diabetes______.

ANSWER : may often control their disease by diet and exercise


which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : tuber cinereum


which gland is highlighted?

ANSWER : pituitary gland


which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : pineal gland


which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : pancreas


which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : kidney


which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : adrenal gland


Which gland is highlighted?

ANSWER : thymus


Which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : pituitary gland


Which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : pineal gland


Which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : parathyroid glands


Which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : pancreas


Which hormone released by this organ stimulates red blood cell synthesis?

ANSWER : erythropoietin


which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : kidney


which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : hypothalamus


which structure is highlighted?

ANSWER : adrenal cortex


Effects caused by stimulation of the parasympathetic division include

ANSWER :   erection, contraction of smooth muscle of bladder wall, and increased motility of digestive organs


If you were very nervous about speaking in front of a group of people, which of the following would be 

likely to develop?

ANSWER :   dry mouth, due to sympathetic inhibition of secretions from the salivary glands


Which statement is true concerning the innervation of adrenal medulla?

ANSWER :   Preganglionic sympathetic axons terminate in the adrenal medulla and stimulate the release of  epinephrine and norepinephrine.


The functions of the vagus nerves include

ANSWER :   stimulation of glandular secretions from digestive and accessory digestive organs and increased motility 

of the digestive tract



__________disease is characterized by intermittent attacks of exaggerated sympathetic vasoconstriction 

of blood vessels of the hands and feet, followed by vasodilation.

ANSWER :   raynauds


The ANS is the system of __________ neurons that regulates such functions as __________.

ANSWER :   motor / heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure


Which of the following statements best describes the anatomical organization of the somatic and 

autonomic divisions of the peripheral nervous system?


ANSWER :   The somatic nervous system has one neuron from the central nervous system to the target tissue, while  the autonomic nervous system is set on a two-neuronal relay.


it uses acetylcholine as its only neurotransmitter

ANSWER :   somatic nervous system


it targets skeletal muscle

ANSWER :   somatic nervous system


one of its divisions is the sympathetic nervous system

ANSWER :   autonomic nervous system


it uses acetylcholine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine as neurotransmitters

ANSWER :   autonomic nervous system


it targets cardiac and smooth muscles

ANSWER :   autonomic nervous system


cell bodies are located in the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord

ANSWER :   sympathetic nervous system


some preganglionic fibers synapse with the adrenal gland

ANSWER :   sympathetic nervous system


the heart is a target

ANSWER :   both


cell bodies are located in the brainstem and sacral region of the spinal cord

ANSWER :   parasympathetic nervous system


postganglionic fibers are short

ANSWER :   parasympathetic nervous system


skeletal muscles are targets

ANSWER :   neither



Which of these statements about sympathetic trunk ganglia is accurate?

ANSWER : The sacral ganglia lie medial to the sacral foramina.


Which division of the autonomic nervous system is illustrated by the purple neurons?

ANSWER : parasympathetic division


Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between the sympathetic and 

parasympathetic divisions of the ANS ?

ANSWER : They innervate many of the same visceral organs.


In the pathway leading to the lacrimal and nasal glands, the preganglionic neurons synapse with 

ganglionic neurons in the__________

ANSWER : pterygopalatine ganglion


Which of these statements accurately describes how the general visceral motor system of the autonomic 

nervous system (ANS) differs from the general somatic motor system?

ANSWER : Motor units in the ANS include a chain of two motor neurons.


Which cranial nerve carries parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic and abdominal viscera?

ANSWER : CN X (Vagus)


Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse?

ANSWER : sympathetic trunk and collateral ganglia


The CNS structure that is the main integration center of the ANS is the__________.

ANSWER : hypothalamus


Which of these statements regarding the collateral ganglia of the sympathetic division is FALSE?

ANSWER : They are the same as the sympathetic trunk ganglia.


Activation of the sympathetic division of the ANS causes__________of bronchioles

ANSWER : Dilation


The adrenal medulla is different from the remainder of the sympathetic division because __________.

ANSWER : modified postganglionic neurons in the medulla secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine, which act as blood-borne neurohormones, rather than as neurotransmitters


The medial and anterior regions of the hypothalamus direct__________functions

ANSWER : parasympathetic