1 Schizophrenia is most closely linked with excess receptor activity for the neurotransmitter

A) dopamine. B) epinephrine. C) acetylcholine. D) serotonin.

Answer: A) dopamine

2. The nineteenth-century theory that bumps on the skull reveal a person’s abilities and traits is called

evolutionary psychology

behavior genetics

molecular biology

biological psychology

Phrenology

Answer:Phrenology

3. Dendrites are branching extensions of

neurotransmitters

endorphins

neurons

myelin

endocrine glands

Answer:neurons

4. The function of dendrites is to

receive incoming signals from other neurons

release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons

coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

control pain through the release of opiate-like chemicals into the brain

transmit signals to other neurons

Answer:receive incoming signals from other neurons

5. An axon is

a cell that serves as the basic building block of the nervous system

a layer of fatty tissue that encases the fibers of many neurons

an antagonist that blocks neurotransmitter receptor sites

the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body

a junction between a sending and receiving neuron

Answer: the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body

6. The longest part of a neuron is likely to be the

dendrite

axon

cell body

synapse

myelin sheath

Answer:axon

7. In transmitting sensory information to the brain, an electrical signal travels from the _______ of a single neuron.

cell body to the axon to the dendrites

dendrites to the axon to the cell body

axon to the cell body to the dendrites

dendrites to the cell body to the axon

axon to the dendrites to the cell body

Answer: dendrites to the cell body to the axon

8. The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a

sympathetic nerve

myelin sheath

endocrine gland

pituitary gland

sympathetic vesicle

Answer: myelin sheath

9. The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of

thresholds

dendrites

endocrine gland

myelin sheath

pituitary gland

Answer:myelin sheath

10. The axon of a resting neuron has gates that do not allow positive sodium ions to pass through the cell membrane. What is this characteristic called?

myelin sheath

threshold

selective permeability

action potential

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer: selective permeability

11. The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the

reflex

threshold

synapse

action potential

refractory period

Answer: threshold

12. The spatial junctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called

neurotransmitters

neural networks

synapses

axons

Thresholds

Answer: synapses

13. The chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are called

hormones

neurotransmitters

synapses

sensory neurons

motor neurons

Answer: neurotransmitters

14. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the

cell body

synaptic gap

axon

myelin sheath

Threshold

Answer: synaptic gap

15. Reuptake refers to the

movement of neurotransmitter molecules across a synaptic gap

release of hormones into the bloodstream

inflow of positively charged ions through an axon membrane

reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron

the ending of the refractory period

Answer: reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron

16. When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is

depression

muscular paralysis

aggression

schizophrenia

Euphoria

Answer: muscular paralysis

17. Transferring messages from a motor neuron to a leg muscle requires the neurotransmitter known as

dopamine

epinephrine

acetylcholine

insulin

Endorphin

Answer:

18.  José has just played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. His lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of

glutamate

dopamine

acetylcholine

endorphins

Insulin

Answer: acetylcholine

19. Alzheimer’s disease is most closely linked to the deterioration of neurons that produce

dopamine

acetylcholine

epinephrine

endorphins

Glutamate

Answer: endorphins

20. An undersupply of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter known as ____ is linked to seizures

glutamate

GABA

serotonin

ACh

Dopamine

Answer: acetylcholine

21. Migraine headaches are most closely linked with an

oversupply of GABA

undersupply of serotonin

oversupply of glutamate

undersupply of acetylcholine

oversupply of norepinepherine

Answer: oversupply of glutamate

22. Psychoactive drugs interfere with normal neural transmission. Where does this interference take place?

axon

cell body

myelin sheath

synapse

Hormones

Answer: synapse

23. What are the molecules that are similar enough to a neurotransmitter to bind to its receptor sites on a dendrite and mimic that neurotransmitter’s effects called?

agonists

antagonists

endorphins

endocrines

action potential

Answer: agonists

24. Which of the following are located exclusively within the brain and spinal cord?

sensory neurons

motor neurons

myelin sheath

interneurons

Axons

Answer: interneurons

25. The body’s speedy, electrochemical information system is called the

circulatory system

threshold

action potential

nervous system

endocrine system

Answer: nervous system

26. The somatic nervous system is a component of the ______ nervous system

peripheral

autonomic

central

sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Answer:peripheral

27. While you are hiking in the mountains, a rattlesnake slithers across your trail. Which of the following triggers the “fight or flight” response, increasing your heart rate and blood pressure, as you run away?

somatic nervous system

sympathetic nervous system

motor cortex

limbic system

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer: sympathetic nervous system

28. A simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus is called a

neural network

action potential

neurotransmitter

reflex

Threshold

Answer: reflex

29. A football quarterback can simultaneously make calculations of receiver distances, player movements, and gravitational forces. This best illustrates the activity of multiple

endocrine glands

endorphin agonists

neural networks

endorphin antagonists

Thresholds

Answer: neural networks

30. The master gland of the endocrine system is the

thyroid gland

adrenal gland

pituitary gland

pancreas

Hypothalamus

Answer: pituitary gland

31. To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of an

fMRI

hemispherectomy

ACh agonist

brain lesion

MRI

Answer: fMRI

32. Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the

amygdala

hippocampus

angular gyrus

corpus callosum

Medulla

Answer:medulla

33. Which of the following structures in the brainstem help coordinate movements and lies above the medulla?

reticular formation

hippocampus

pons

thalamus

Hypothalamus

Answer: pons

34. The medulla is to the control of ____ as the cerebellum is to the control of _____.

eating; sleeping

breathing; walking

emotion; motivation

memory; attention

hearing; seeing

Answer:breathing; walking

35. The reticular formation is located in the

brainstem

limbic system

sensory cortex

motor cortex

Cerebellum

Answer:brainstem

36. Your ability to experience physical sensations is most likely to be disrupted by damage to your

corpus callosum

angular gyrus

hippocampus

amygdala

Thalamus

Answer:thalamus

37. Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the

thalamus

cerebellum

reticular formation

nucleus accumbens

angular gyrus

Answer:nucleus accumbens

38. Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel someone scratching your back?

parietal

temporal

occipital

frontal

Cerebral

Answer:parietal

39. An area at the rear of the frontal lobes tat controls voluntary movements is called the

angular gyrus

hypothalamus

motor cortex

reticular formation

frontal association area

Answer:motor cortex

40. To trigger a person’s hand to make a fist, José Delgado stimulated the individual’s

motor cortex

hypothalamus

sensory cortex

reticular formation

limbic system

Answer:sensory cortex

41. The association areas are located in the

spinal cord

brainstem

thalamus

limbic system

cerebral cortex

Answer: cerebral cortex

42. The process of anticipating that you will be punished for misbehaving takes place within the

limbic system

sensory cortex

reticular formation

association areas

sympathetic nervous system

Answer : association areas

43. In 1861, Paul Broca studied a stroke patient he called “Tan.” He was called this because as a result of brain damage, it was the only word he could pronounce. Based on Broca’s early work, which of the following brain regions is involved in speech production?

angular gyrus

left temporal lobe

sensory cortex

left frontal lobe

auditory cortex

Answer:left frontal lobe

44. Which brain area is primarily involved with controlling speech?

sensory cortex

angular gyrus

association areas

Broca’s area

Hypothalamus

Answer: Broca’s area

45. Which brain area is primarily involved with understanding and producing meaningful speech?

sensory cortex

angular gyrus

association areas

Wernicke’s area

Hypothalamus

Answer:Wernicke’s area

46. Physical exercise and exposure to stimulating environments are most likely to promote

phrenology

neurogenesis

hemispherectomy

reward deficiency syndrome

Plasticity

Answer: neurogenesis

47. Psychologist Michael Gazzaniga asked split-brain patients to stare at a dot as he flashed HE·ART on a screen. HE appeared in the left visual field, ART in the right. When asked, patients said they saw

HE

ART

HEART

EA

nothing. They were unable to complete the task.

Answer: ART