What is the primary conclusion John B. Watson’s made after working with Little Albert?

ANSWER : Emotions can be a conditioned response.

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

ANSWER : operant conditioning

Which of the following is an example of a variable ratio reinforcement schedule?

ANSWER : Joyce playing scratch-off lottery tickets

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In Social Learning Theory, B. F. Skinner identified three types of models: live, verbal, and symbolic.

ANSWER : The name “B. F. Skinner” should be changed to “Albert Bandura.”

Which of the following statements about Ivan Pavlov is true?

ANSWER : He is known for establishing the principles of classical conditioning.

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle’s father is a ________.

ANSWER : model

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ________.

ANSWER : after seeing a television character receive a reward for taking violent action against another character

Which of the following is an example of latent learning?

ANSWER : remembering where the nearest gas station is when you unexpectedly run out of gas during your morning commute

What was the main point of Ivan Pavlov’s experiment with dogs?

ANSWER : Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Which statement about B. F. Skinner is correct?

ANSWER : He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated.

Which of the following is true about John B. Watson?

ANSWER : He is considered the founder of behaviorism.

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment?

ANSWER : Jeong observes Bronwyn getting spanked for spitting out her carrots. Because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his carrots.

Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?

ANSWER : rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily

Which statement about Edward C. Tolman is incorrect?

ANSWER : He found that emotions can be a conditioned response.

What is the main idea of operant conditioning?

ANSWER : Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments.

Which of the following experiments involves the use of social learning theory?

ANSWER : determining how long it takes a person to learn how to knit if she is only allowed to watch YouTube videos of people knitting

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

ANSWER : emotion can be a conditioned response

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In operant conditioning, organisms learn to associate events that repeatedly happen together.

ANSWER : The word “operant” should be changed to the word “classical.”

Identify the major flaw with John B. Watson’s Little Albert experiment.

ANSWER : It is unethical for a researcher to induce fear in a child, since it is harmful to induce fear.

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Spontaneous acquisition is the return of a previously extinguished conditioned response.

ANSWER : The word “acquisition” should be changed to the word “recovery.”

According to Albert Bandura, ________.

ANSWER : Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say.

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

ANSWER : Babs saw Martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. She is careful to complete her reading list because she saw Martin get a reward for doing it.

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

ANSWER : One can learn new behaviors by observing others.

Which of the following is an example of a fixed interval reinforcement schedule?

ANSWER : taking your dog to the park every afternoon at 4:00 p.m.