1.11 Unit Test Gene Expression

Question: Which of the following best describes the term transcription?

Answer: The transfer of information to a new format but in the same language

Question: Which is the complementary mRNA strand that would be created during transcription for the following DNA sequence:

TAG CAG TTC

Answer: AUC GUC AAG

Question: Which of the following best describes the term translation?

Answer: Transferring information from one source to another in a different language.

Question: Using the codon chart below, identify the correct amino acid sequence created during translation for the following mRNA:

AUG CAC UUA UAA

Answer: Met-His-Leu-Stop

Question: What is the end product of translation?

Answer: Protein

Question: The following best describes which process:

DNA serves as a template to create an mRNA strand in the nucleus of a cell.

Answer: Transcription

Question: Could two humans have some differences in their DNA sequences for insulin, yet still make the exact same insulin proteins?

Answer: Yes, different codons can code for the same amino acid.

Question: A mutation in a person changed the insulin gene to read TCT instead of the normal TGA. Using your codon chart, look up the amino acid that is coded for by both the normal and the mutant DNA. Will this person be diabetic, assuming this is the only mutation in the gene?

Answer: Yes, they will be diabetic. Insulin won’t be produced because the codons are different

Question: How can the structure of DNA affect the structure of proteins?

Answer: A change in DNA will change the mRNA, which affects the amino acid sequence, which can alter the protein’s function.

Question: In proteins, the initial blueprint for the amino acid order is determined by:

Answer: Nitrogenous bases in DNA