Question: .backward(d)

Answer: Moves the turtle backward from the direction it is facing for a distance of d pixels.

Question: .begin_fill()

Answer: To be called just before drawing with shape or circle and followed with a call to end_fill().

Question: .circle(r)

Answer: Draws a circle with radius r. Variations:.circle(r, a) draw an arc of angle a degrees..circle(r, a, s) draws a circle or arc in s straight-line steps, resulting in a polygon.

Question: .dot(s)

Answer: Draws a circular dot with diameter s.

Question: .end_fill()

Answer: Fill the shape or circle drawn after the last call to begin_fill().

Question: .fillcolor(c)

Answer: Specifies the name of the color to fill the inside of a shape. c is a string value such as “red”, “blue”, etc.

Question: arithmetic operations

Answer: Mathematical processes that are part of most programming languages. They include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and modulus operators.

Question: Nested While Loops

Answer: A loop within another loop

Question: Zero-Iteration Conditions

Answer: Loops that never starts

Question: Infinite Loops

Answer: Loops that never end