Question: What are the 4 Supergroups

Answer: 1. Excavata

2. SAR clade

3. Archaeplastida clade

4. Unikonta

Question: Shared ancestral traits of Excavata

Answer: -all single celled

-genetic similarities

-some members have a feeding groove

Question: Excavata: derived traits

Answer: mitochondria type differ in each subgroup

Question: Sub groups in Excavata

Answer: 1. Diplomonads

2. Parabasalids

3. Euglenozoans

Question: Diplomonads

Answer: -mitosomes

-ETC non-functional

-no O2

2 equal sized nuclei

EX: Giardia Intestinalis

-parasitic

-major cause of diarrhea throughout the world

Question: Parabasalids

Answer: -hydrogenosomes

-modified mitochondria

-anaerobic

-relative H2

-no plastids

EX: Trichomonas Vaginalis

• sexually transmitted parasite

• - causes STD

• Question: Euglenozoans

• Answer: -normal mitochondria

• -spiral or crystalline rod inside flagella

• 2 EX:

• 1. Kinetoplastids

• - free living or parasites; african sleeping sickness

• 2. Euglenids

• - mixotrophs- can get energy/carbon from any reaction

• Question: SAR clade Supergroup: What are the subgroups

• Answer: Stramenopiles

• Alveolates

• Rhizarians

• Question: About SAR clade

• Answer: -monophyletic- one common ancestor

• -shared ancestral traits: share some genetic characteristics

• Question: Stramenopiles

• Answer: - “hairy” flagellum usually paired with a shorter “smooth” flagellum

• EX: diatoms

• - photosynthetic algae (chloroplast)

• - cell wall like glass