Question: TRUE

Answer: T/F?Respiration is one of the functions of the integumentary system.

Question: Epidermis, Dermis, Hypodermis

Answer: List the layers of the outer covering of the body.

Question: FALSE

Answer: T/F?The epidermis is highly vascularized.

Question: Stratified squamous

Answer: What cell type is found in epidermis?

Question: Dermis

Answer: This is the loose CT of skin, that is highly vascularized and innervated.

Question: Epidermis and dermis

Answer: The "skin" includes what layers?

Question: Keratinocytes

Answer: Another name for cells of the epidermis

Question: Stratum basale

Answer: This is the layer of cuboidal cells that rest on the basement membrane. These cells show most of the mitotic activity and renew epidermis.

Question: Hemidesmosomes

Answer: Stratum basale cells use this to anchor to the basement membrane.

Question: Stratum spinosum

Answer: This cell layer is roughly cuboidal in shape and contains "Prickle cells" that have spine like processes.

Question: Desmosomes

Answer: Stratum spinosum uses this to anchor between cells

Question: Tonofibrils

Answer: These are aggregates of cytokeratin that are visible in keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum.

Question: Stratum granulosum

Answer: A flattened layer of cells that contain keratohyaline granules.

Question: Keratohyaline granule

Answer: These are rich in cysteine and are formed by matrix bodies mixed with IF's

Question: Lamellar bodies

Answer: These are composed of glycophospholipid and are responsible for the non-wetting nature of stratum granulosum.

Question: Stratum lucidum

Answer: Thin layer of eosinophilic cells with flattened cytoplasm. Not always visible.

Question: Stratum corneum

Answer: The outer layer of cells that is very thick on soles of feet and filled with keratin.

Question: Hard keratin

Answer: This is present in nail and cortex of hair.

Question: Clear cells

Answer: This cell type may consist of Langerhans' cells, Merkel cells, and melanocytes.

Question: Langerhans' cell

Answer: This cell is derived from circulating monocytes and takes residence in the dermis.

Question: Birbeck granules

Answer: These are rod shaped granules found within Langerhans' cells

Question: Merkel cells

Answer: These are sensory cells in the basal layer of epidermis that contain catecholamine-like granules

Question: Merkel cells and melanocyte

Answer: These dermal cells are derivatives of neural crest.

Question: Melanocytes

Answer: These cells are located in the basal layer and secrete melanin granules.

Question: Cytocrine secretion

Answer: The process where melanocytes transfer melanin granules to keratinocytes

Question: FALSE

Answer: T/F?The color of skin is influenced by the number of melanocytes an individual has.

Question: Hyperpigmentation

Answer: Freckles are a result of increased localized melanocyte activity termed...

Question: Hypopigmentation

Answer: Vitiligo and albinism are examples of...

Question: Papillary layer

Answer: What layer of the dermis is vascular loose CT directly beneath the epidermis. Also commonly the site of inflammatory response.

Question: Papillary layer

Answer: The epidermis recieves nutrients from this layer via capillary diffusion

Question: Reticular layer

Answer: This layer of the dermis is dense irregular CT, composed of collagen in feltwork arrangement

Question: Langers lines

Answer: Parallel lines of connective tissue fibers that correspond to lines of stress in dermis.

Question: Eccrine sweat gland

Answer: A simple coiled tubular gland that secretes a hypoosmotic solution in response to heat via merocrine secretion.

Question: Merocrine secretion

Answer: Secretion via exocytosis into an epithelial lined duct onto the outer body surface

Question: Hypodermis

Answer: The secretory portion of an eccrine sweat gland is located in the...

Question: Simple cuboidal epithelium

Answer: The secretory portion of and eccrine sweat gland is lined with...

Question: Myoepithelial cell

Answer: A specialized smooth muscle-like cell that has eosinophilic cytoplasm

Question: Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer: The excretory portion of an eccrine sweat gland is lined with...

Question: Apocrine sweat gland

Answer: This gland secretes a smelly, milky secretion product. Found in armpits and external genetalia.

Question: Apocrine secretion

Answer: Secretion where part of the cell membrane is lost in the exocytosis process.

Question: Sebaceous gland

Answer: A holocrine gland that secretes an oily product onto hairs.

Question: TRUE

Answer: T/F?Cuboidal cells of the secretory portion of a sebaceous gland are continuous with basal cells of the epidermis.

Question: Black head

Answer: The opening of a sebaceous gland that goes directly onto the surface of the skin

Question: Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Answer: The epithelium of the secretory portion of a sebaceous gland.

Question: Nail plate

Answer: A semi-translucent keratin covering of the nail bed

Question: Eponychium

Answer: The technial term for the cuticle which overlaps the proximal nail plate

Question: Geminal matrix

Answer: Proliferating cells that keratinize to elongate the fingernail reside here

Question: Lunula

Answer: The pale half-moon shaped area at the base of the nail

Question: Perionychium

Answer: The softer skin on the sides of the nails

Question: Pilosebaceous unit

Answer: Hair and hair follicle grouped with a sebaceous gland

Question: Dermal papilla

Answer: This contains a blood supply for the hair follicle

Question: FALSE

Answer: T/F?Hair matrix growth proceeds continuously until the hair dies or falls out.

Question: Anagen

Answer: Growth phase of hair that involves expansion of the matrix and elongation of the hair.

Question: Catagen

Answer: Hair growth phase that that involves a decrease in matrix proliferation

Question: Telogen

Answer: Quiescent phase of hair growth

Question: Estrogen

Answer: What androgen can be used to treat hirsuitism in preadolescent males and females?