A Reinforcement Is Any Event That
Question: A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience is the definition of
Answer: learning
Question: A reinforcement is any event that
Answer: increases the probability that a particular response will occur
Question: Events that occur just before a response are called
Answer: antecedents
Question: Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are two types of ______________ learning
Answer: associative
Question: Operant conditioning is based on
Answer: the consequences of making a response
Question: Ivan Pavlov has been credited with the initial discovery of
Answer: classical conditioning
Question: In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the conditioned stimulus was the
Answer: bell
Question: Advertisers often try to use higher order conditioning by
Answer: pairing images which evoke good feelings with pictures of their products
Question: A phobia is best interpreted as a
Answer: conditioned emotional response
Question: The gradual molding of responses to a desired pattern is known as
Answer: shaping
Question: The brief return of an operant response after its apparent extinction is known as
Answer: a spontaneous recovery
Question: Ms. Campbell gives her students a star for every completed homework assignment. The star serves as a
Answer: positive reinforcement
Question: What do positive and negative reinforcement have in common?
Answer: They both lead to an increase in response frequencies.
Question: If spanking a child decreases the child's misbehavior, the parent has used
Answer: aversive punishment
Question: Nonlearned reinforcers that usually satisfy physiological needs are known as
Answer: primary reinforcers
Question: Which of the following might serve as a secondary reinforcer?
Answer: Grades
Question: When it is frequent, immediate, and detailed, which of the following is more likely to be effective?
Answer: Feedback
Question: By a continuous reinforcement schedule, we mean that
Answer: each correct response is reinforced
Question: A gambler playing a slot machine is being reinforced on which schedule of reinforcement?
Answer: variable ratio
Question: A pigeon learns to peck at a circle for food. The fact that it also pecks at an oval describes
Answer: operant stimulus generalization
Question: A problem with the use of punishment is that
Answer: it causes fear, frustration, anxiety, and encourages aggression.
Question: If you want a child to behave,
Answer: use all of these in combination
Question: Memory, thinking, problem-solving, and the use of concepts and language are all involved in
Answer: cognitive thinking
Question: Learning that occurs without obvious reinforcement and reminds hidden until reinforcement is provided is known as
Answer: latent learning
Question: If kids are watching a show then can use the same equipment, what are they going to do with it?
Answer: Imitate the behaviors that they see