The Humanistic Perspective Fails To Appreciate
Question: b
Answer: Critics complain that the humanistic perspective fails to appreciate: a. self-acceptance.b. human capacity for evil.c. human capacity for good.d. individual needs.
Question: d
Answer: Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of: a. mental illness.b. personality.c. perception.d. learning.
Question: c
Answer: The field of _____ refers to the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in the workplace. a. personality psychologyb. developmental psychologyc. industrial-organizational (I/O) psychologyd. clinical psychology
Question: c
Answer: John B. Watson is to _____, as Carl Rogers is to _____. a. contemporary psychology; humanistic psychologyb. humanistic psychology; behaviorismc. behaviorism; humanistic psychologyd. humanistic psychology; psychoanalysis
Question: b
Answer: Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory includes ideas about: a. a characteristic pattern of behavior or disposition.b. an unconscious region of the mind, psychosexual stages, and defense mechanisms.c. trait dimensions (e.g., introverted-extraverted or stable-unstable).d. self-actualization and fulfilling one's potential.
Question: d
Answer: Carl Rogers said, "The only question which matters is, 'Am I living in a way that is deeply satisfying to me?'" Which statement is NOT how critics of Rogers would MOST likely object to Rogers' statement? a. It encourages too much individualism, which can lead to self-indulgence and selfishness.b. It encourages too much individualism, which can lead to an erosion of moral restraints.c. It fails to recognize that people who focus beyond themselves are more likely to experience life satisfaction.d. It encourages people to be "undeterred" by others' needs, which can lead to self-actualization.
Question: d
Answer: Bryce often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as: a. regression.b. projection.c. displacement.d. reaction formation
Question: c
Answer: Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of: a. empirically derived tests.b. reciprocal determinism.c. a positive self-concept.d. an external locus of control.
Question: b
Answer: Some psychologists believe self-actualization is the ultimate psychological need. It only arises after basic psychological and physiological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved. Self-actualization refers to: a. the need to belong.b. the motivation to fulfill one's potential.c. the need to achieve.d. not being attainable.
Question: b
Answer: Kanesha meets with a therapist because she wants to change her life. The doctor tells her to lie down on the couch, relax, and say whatever comes to mind. This psychoanalytic method is known as: a. defixation.b. free association.c. rational-emotive therapy.d. humanistic therapy.
Question: b
Answer: Sigmund Freud suggested that three interacting systems can explain the dynamics of the human mind. These three systems refer to: a. the oral, the anal, and the phallic.b. the id, the ego, and the superego.c. repression, identification, and fixation.d. the unconscious, the preconscious, and the collective unconscious.
Question: b
Answer: Most of Dakota's friends look at him with respect. He is self-aware, self-accepting, and open. He is spontaneous and caring, and does not worry about other people's opinions. According to Abraham Maslow, it is likely that Dakota is motivated by:a. the need to reinforce others.b. the need for self-actualization.c. operant conditioning.d. unconscious needs
Question: d
Answer: Sarah's optimism is both a contributor to and a product of her successful career accomplishments. This BEST illustrates: a. the self-reference phenomenon.b. unconditional positive regard.c. the spotlight effect.d. reciprocal determinism.
Question: c
Answer: According to Sigmund Freud, this part of the personality is largely conscious and is the mediator that operates on the reality principle. a. the phallicb. the idc. the egod. the superego
Question: d
Answer: Kate comes home with three "A's" and two "B's," to which her mother replies, "Is that the best you could do?" and walks away. Rogers refers to this attitude as the opposite of: a. companionate love.b. genuineness.c. confirmation bias.d. unconditional positive regard.
Question: c
Answer: The proper order of Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages is: a. oral, anal, phallic, genital, and latency.b. oral, anal, latency, phallic, and genital.c. oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.d. anal, oral, phallic, latency, and genital.
Question: d
Answer: According to Carl Rogers, three conditions are necessary to promote personality growth. These are: a. honesty, sincerity, and empathy.b. high self-esteem, honesty, and empathy.c. high self-esteem, genuineness, and acceptance.d. genuineness, acceptance, and empathy.
Question: d
Answer: According to Carl Jung, humans have a reservoir of images that are derived from our universal experiences. This is known as a person's: a. defense mechanisms.b. reaction formation.c. repressed memories.d. collective unconscious.
Question: a
Answer: Sigmund Freud suggested that adults with a passive and submissive personality, marked by a childlike dependence, demonstrate signs of: a. an oral fixation.b. an inferiority complex.c. a reaction formation.d. an Oedipus complex.
Question: c
Answer: Lately, Harold and Grant cannot get along. Harold often expects the worst of people, and yesterday he thought Grant was mad at him. As a result, Harold ignored Grant's phone calls and other attempts at conversation, angering Grant. However, in truth, Harold created the situation to which he was reacting. This is an example of: a. social loafing.b. linguistic determinism.c. reciprocal determinism.d. attributional style.
Question: d
Answer: In 1921, Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used _____ test. a. empirically derivedb. thematic apperceptionc. factor analyticd. projective
Question: c
Answer: The _____ perspective emphasizes the role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders. a. traitb. social-cognitivec. psychoanalyticd. humanistic
Question: d
Answer: A principal is looking for advice on how to improve his relationships with the teachers in his school. Carl Rogers might suggest which of these? a. Ask them if they have met all of their self-esteem and self-actualization needs.b. Look at the way their behavior is influenced by environmental factors.c. Compliment them often even if the compliments are insincere.d. Be genuine with them and show them unconditional positive regard.
Question: a
Answer: Genuineness, acceptance, and empathy are to _____ as water, sun, and nutrients are to _____. a. positive growth in humans; the growth of healthy treesb. therapy; benign therapistsc. self-love; excessive self-esteemd. fallacious self-concept; unconditional positive regard
Question: c
Answer: Bonnie is afraid to express anger toward her overbearing and irritating supervisor. Instead, she is critical of her children. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Bonnie's reaction to her children illustrates: a. identification.b. reaction formation.c. displacement.d. projection.
Question: b
Answer: An attitude of total acceptance toward another person is known as: a. empathy.b. unconditional positive regard.c. genuineness.d. altruism.
Question: a
Answer: According to Abraham Maslow, people are motivated by: a. a hierarchy of needs.b. inborn instincts.c. conditions of optimal arousal.d. drive reduction.
Question: a
Answer: Defensive self-esteem is to _____ as secure self-esteem is to _____. a. fragility; sturdinessb. moisture; drynessc. the Rorschach; the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)d. self-serving bias; learned helplessness
Question: b
Answer: A professor directs a child and adolescent to a clinic that specializes in shaping behavior through rewards and consequences. This clinic adheres to which perspective of psychology? a. psychoanalysisb. behaviorismc. functionalismd. humanistic psychology
Question: b
Answer: To examine the effect of hunger on taste sensitivity, groups of research participants are deprived of food for differing lengths of time before they engage in a taste-sensitivity test. This research is an example of: a. correlational research.b. an experiment.c. survey research.d. naturalistic observation.
Question: b
Answer: The humanistic perspective of personality: a. emphasizes the driving force of unconscious motivations in human personality.b. emphasizes the growth potential of "healthy" individuals.c. emphasizes the importance of human interaction with the environment in shaping personality.d. describes human personality in terms of scores on various personality scales.
Question: c
Answer: _____ emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development. a. Gordon Allportb. Albert Bandurac. Carl Rogersd. Karen Horney
Question: a
Answer: Sigmund Freud emphasized the importance of: a. unconscious processes.b. an external locus of control.c. factor analysis.d. reciprocal determinism.
Question: d
Answer: According to Sigmund Freud, this part of the personality represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirations. a. the phallicb. the idc. the egod. the superego
Question: b
Answer: Dr. Burns sees his own therapist in order for him to be at his emotional best for seeing patients. He is open with his feelings and self-disclosing in his own therapy. Rogers refers to this attitude as: a. companionate love.b. genuineness.c. confirmation bias.d. unconditional positive regard.
Question: d
Answer: There is evidence that behavior is the result of the interplay between external and internal influences; that behavior is the product of biology, social experience, and unconscious thought processes. This evidence suggests that personality should be studied from a: a. developmental approach.b. deterministic approach.c. psychoanalytic approach.d. biopsychosocial approach.
Question: a
Answer: One way to develop a complete picture of any given behavior or mental process is to incorporate an integrated viewpoint that examines biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors. This is known as: a. a biopsychosocial approach.b. social influence theory.c. psychodynamic theory.d. functionalism.
Question: a
Answer: One thinking error that is made by many people is to assume that a strong correlation _____. However, this is not true, regardless of how strong a relationship there is between two variables. a. proves causationb. is rarely negativec. is rarely positived. suggests a bias in sampling
Question: c
Answer: Wilhelm Wundt was both a _____ and _____. a. theologian; philosopherb. sociologist; psychiatristc. physiologist; philosopherd. psychoanalyst; psychiatrist
Question: b
Answer: Martin's family suffered through two weeks of pain and suffering after a horrific car accident that left him in a coma. Martin struggled for his life, and physicians predicted he would never wake up. On the 13th day, Martin did wake up. Martin's Aunt Marie proudly exclaimed, "I knew Martin would make it." This is called: a. overconfidence.b. hindsight bias.c. operational thinking.d. intuitive management.
Question: a
Answer: Compared with the structuralists, early behaviorists were much LESS likely to focus on the study of: a. thinking.b. fighting.c. screaming.d. smiling.
Question: c
Answer: Structuralists introduced which research method to identify basic elements of the human mind?a. spaced practiceb. behavior geneticsc. introspectiond. psychoanalysis
Question: c
Answer: Which research method is best suited to observing and recording behavior in various environments without trying to control the situation? a. the case studyb. the surveyc. naturalistic observationd. None of the answer choices are correct.
Question: b
Answer: Max just found out that the prom king and queen from his high school are splitting up. He thinks back to the last time he saw them together and has the feeling that he could have predicted their divorce. Which of these is the MOST likely cause for this feeling? a. astute observation powersb. hindsight biasc. critical thinkingd. inferential thinking
Question: c
Answer: two best friends are discussing fossil fuel usage, and one friend says that carbon emissions are up by 15 percent. The other friend asks "where did you pull that number from?" as he: a. wants to anger the friend.b. is engaging in overconfident thinking.c. is engaging in critical thinking.d. is engaging in hindsight bias.
Question: d
Answer: The factor that differentiates case studies and surveys is that case studies: a. include many people in the sample.b. use a representative sample.c. ascertain self-reported attitudes and behaviors.d. involve in-depth analyses of individuals.
Question: d
Answer: The director of research at a major pharmaceutical company presented the findings of a failed bipolar disorder research trial. Statistical analysis showed that all subjects took the medication as prescribed, that the drug levels were within range, and that all study procedures were followed per the protocol. Despite all of this, the experimental medication was no more effective than the control condition. Upon further investigation, it was determined that a number of researchers were conducting supportive psychotherapy with the subjects. This explains the: a. random effect.b. dependent effect.c. experimental effect.d. placebo effect.
Question: a
Answer: With surveys, the _____ can have a substantial impact on the results. a. wording of questionsb. type of font usedc. color of the paper on which the survey is printedd. day of the week the questionnaire is launched
Question: d
Answer: At the beginning of the school year, groups of college students were asked to predict a variety of their own social behaviors such as calling their parents or voting in an election. The students reported being 84 percent confident in their self-predictions. However, they correctly predicted their own behavior only 71 percent of the time. This human tendency is known as: a. "I-knew-it-all-along" phenomenon.b. instrumental learning.c. hindsight bias.d. overconfidence.
Question: b
Answer: In debating the origins of behavior, as was seen with Clarence, we often disagreed about the relative importance of: a. applied research.b. nature and nurture.c. behavior.d. structuralism and introspection.
Question: b
Answer: Dr. Hillburton has received approval for his research grant to study the effects of divorce on children aged 5-12 in terms of maturational milestones. Dr. Hillburton is MOST likely a _____ psychologist. a. socialb. developmentalc. clinicald. counseling
Question: b
Answer: Psychologists persistently ask two questions, "What do you mean?" and "How do you know?", because they approach the world of behavior with a curious: a. cynicism.b. skepticism.c. gullibility.d. overconfidence.
Question: b
Answer: When something extraordinary happens, such as when one person wins the lottery twice, a pattern emerges. Yet, in effect, the two winnings are: a. causally related.b. random events.c. an example of beating the statistical odds.d. a coincidence that cannot be explained statistically.
Question: c
Answer: A focus on how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures is MOST relevant to the _____ perspective. a. behavioralb. behavior geneticsc. social-culturald. cognitive
Question: a
Answer: A focus on how humans learn observable responses is MOST relevant to the _____ perspective. a. behavioralb. behavior geneticsc. psychodynamicd. cognitive
Question: b
Answer: A mother called her daughter to tell her that, in a single day, five different men she met on an over-50 Internet dating forum invited her out on dates. She can't believe it! Which statement can be used to explain the mother's great news? a. "The superego can overcome any obstacle placed in the way by the ego."b. "With a large enough sample, any outrageous thing is likely to happen."c. "Even sweet people can sell themselves through manipulation."d. "Birds of a feather stick together."
Question: d
Answer: A large pharmaceutical company begins to write a research protocol based on their belief that the new medication called Drug R may be useful in treating anxiety. They predict that Drug R should lower symptoms of anxiety. This prediction is a(n) a. theory.b. prediction.c. method.d. hypothesis.
Question: a
Answer: _____ is a psychoanalytic method for exploring the unconscious. With this method, patients are told to relax and say whatever comes to mind. a. Free associationb. Identificationc. Projective disassociationd. Regression
Question: d
Answer: A unified understanding of explanations provided by the neuroscience, cognitive, social-cultural, and other psychological perspectives is MOST clearly provided by: a. structuralism. b. behaviorism.c. a psychodynamic perspective.d. a biopsychosocial approach.
Question: a
Answer: This variable is the experimental factor that is manipulated, and these manipulations may affect the outcome factor. a. independentb. dependentc. controld. double-blind
Question: a
Answer: Who was the functionalist who authored the textbook, Principles of Psychology, for the emerging discipline of psychology? a. William Jamesb. Rosalie Raynerc. John B. Watsond. Mary Whiton Calkins
Question: a
Answer: Which perspective is MOST relevant to understanding links between hormone levels and sexual motivation? a. neuroscienceb. psychodynamicc. cognitived. behavioral
Question: d
Answer: Professor Bernstein conducts basic research on the progressive changes in infants' perceptual skills during the first year of life. Professor Bernstein is MOST likely a _____ psychologist. a. socialb. clinicalc. personalityd. developmental
Question: a
Answer: One strength of the case study method is that: a. it suggests hypotheses for future study.b. its findings can be easily generalized.c. it can easily be replicated.d. it is less vulnerable to bias than other methods.
Question: It recaptured the field's early interest in mental processes and made them legitimate topics for scientific study.
Answer: How did the cognitive revolution affect the field of psychology?
Question: 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory
Answer: What event defined the start of scientific psychology?
Question: People's self reports varied
Answer: Why did introspection fail as a method for understanding how the mind works?
Question: Structuralism; functionalism
Answer: _________ used introspection to define the mind's makeup; ________ focused on how mental processes enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Question: events often stem from the interaction of nature and nurture
Answer: What is contemporary psychology's position on the nature-nurture debate?
Question: Levels of analysis
Answer: Offer complementary outlooks
Question: biopsychosocial approach
Answer: integrates biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors
Question: neuroscience perspective
Answer: Someone working from a _____________ might study brain circuits that cause us to be "red in the face" and "hot under the collar."
Question: evolutionary perspective
Answer: Someone working from the __________ might analyze how anger facilitated the survival of our ancestors' genes.
Question: behavior genetics perspective
Answer: Someone working from the ____________ might study how heredity and experience influence our individual differences in temperament.
Question: psychodynamic perspective
Answer: Someone working from the ____________ might view an outburst as an outlet for unconscious hostility.
Question: behavioral perspective
Answer: Someone working from the ____________ might attempt to determine which external stimuli trigger angry responses or aggressive acts.
Question: cognitive perspective
Answer: Someone working from the ____________ might study how our interpretation of a situation affects our anger and how our anger affects our thinking.
Question: social-cultural perspective
Answer: Someone working from the _____________ might explore how expressions of anger vary across cultural contexts.
Question: provides a more complete view than any one perspective could offer
Answer: What advantage do we gain by using the biopsychosocial approach in studying psychological events?
Question: basic research
Answer: Some psychologists conduct __________ that builds psychology's knowledge base.
Question: applied research
Answer: These and other psychologists also may conduct ___________, tackling practical problems.
Question: Counseling psychologists
Answer: _________ help people to cope with challenges and crises (including academic, vocational, and marital issues) and to improve their personal and social functioning.
Question: Clinical psychologists
Answer: __________ assess and treat mental, emotional, and behavior disorders.
Question: psychiatrists
Answer: _________, who also may provide psychotherapy, are medical doctors licensed to prescribe drugs and otherwise treat physical causes of psychological disorders.
Question: positive psychology
Answer: _________ scientifically explores "positive emotions, positive character traits, and enabling institutions."
Question: hindsight bias
Answer: the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon
Question: critical thinking
Answer: Smart thinking, called ________, examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
Question: theory
Answer: explains with principles that organize observations and predict behaviors or events.
Question: hypotheses
Answer: A good theory produces testable predictions, called __________
Question: operational definitions
Answer: As a check on their biases, psychologists report their research with precise __________ of procedures and concepts.
Question: case study
Answer: _________ examines one individual in depth in the hope of revealing things true of us all.
Question: naturalistic observations
Answer: __________ range from watching chimpanzee societies in the jungle, to unobtrusively videotaping (and later systematically analyzing) parent-child interactions in different cultures, to recording racial differences in students' self-seating patterns in a school lunchroom.
Question: survey
Answer: A _____ looks at many cases in less depth.
Question: Wording
Answer: ______ can have a huge impact on surveys and their results
Question: random sample
Answer: _________, in which every person in the entire group has an equal chance of participating
Question: correlation coefficient
Answer: _________ indicates how closely two things vary together, and thus how well either one predicts the other.
Question: positive correlation
Answer: A _________ (between 0 and +1.00) indicates a direct relationship, meaning that two things increase together or decrease together.
Question: negative correlation
Answer: A ________ (between 0 and −1.00) indicates an inverse relationship: As one thing increases, the other decreases.
Question: Experiments
Answer: ________ enable researchers to isolate the effects of one or more factors by (1) manipulating the factors of interest and (2) holding constant (controlling) other factors.
Question: experimental group
Answer: in which people receive the treatment
Question: control group
Answer: members do not receive the treatment.
Question: double-blind procedure
Answer: If the study is using a ___________, neither the participants nor those who administer the drug or placebo and collect the data will know which group is receiving the treatment.
Question: Placebo Effect
Answer: Just thinking you are getting a treatment can boost your spirits, relax your body, and relieve your symptoms
Question: confounding variables
Answer: factors which could influence the experiment's results, are called __________
Question: Independent variable
Answer: Variable that is manipulated
Question: testing effect
Answer: describes the enhanced memory that results from repeated retrieval (as in self-testing) rather than from simple rereading of new information.
Question: Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, and Review
Answer: What does the acronym SQ3R stand for?
Question: gender
Answer: the socially constructed roles and characteristics by which your culture defines male and female
Question: sex
Answer: your biological status, defined by your chromosomes and anatomy
Question: X chromosomes
Answer: Makes you a girl
Question: Y chromosomes
Answer: Makes you a boy
Question: puberty
Answer: Pronounced physical differences emerge during adolescence, when boys and girls enter _____ and mature sexually
Question: gender roles
Answer: the social expectations that guide men's and women's behavior.
Question: Gender identity
Answer: _______ is a person's sense of being male or female
Question: Social learning theory
Answer: ___________ assumes that children acquire this identity by observing and imitating others' gender-linked behaviors and by being rewarded or punished for acting in certain ways themselves
Question: gender typing
Answer: the way some children seem more attuned than others to traditional male or female roles
Question: Schema
Answer: A mental container we build to hold our experiences
Question: Jean Piaget
Answer: ________ felt that kids in the sensorimotor stage did not think abstractly.
Question: Assimilate
Answer: We __________ new experiences
Question: Accomodate
Answer: As we experience new things, we ________ and incorporate the information from these new experiences
Question: Sensorimotor
Answer: Experiencing the world through senses and actions (looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, grasping); birth to about 2 years
Question: Preoperational
Answer: Representing things with words and images; using intuitive rather than logical thinking; about 2 to 6 or 7 years
Question: Concrete Operational
Answer: Thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations; about 7 to 11 years old
Question: Formal operational
Answer: Abstract reasoning; about 12 to adulthood
Question: Attachment
Answer: The _________ bond is a powerful survival impulse that keeps infants close to their caregivers.
Question: Secure attachment
Answer: In their mother's presence they play comfortably, happily exploring their new environment. When she leaves, they become distressed; when she returns, they seek contact with her.
Question: Insecure attachment
Answer: marked either by anxiety or avoidance of trusting relationships. They are less likely to explore their surroundings; they may even cling to their mother.
Question: Moral reasoning
Answer: the thinking that occurs as we consider right and wrong
Question: Preconventional morality
Answer: Self-interest; obey rules to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards; before age 9
Question: Conventional morality
Answer: Uphold laws and rules to gain social approval or maintain social order; early adolescence
Question: Postconventional morality
Answer: Actions reflect belief in basic rights and self-defined ethical principles
Question: Infancy
Answer: Trust vs. mistrust; to 1 year
Question: Toddlerhood
Answer: Autonomy vs. shame and doubt; 1 to 3 years
Question: Preschool
Answer: Initiative vs. guilt; 3 to 6 years
Question: Elementary School
Answer: Competence vs. inferiority; 6 years to puberty
Question: Adolescence
Answer: Identity vs. role confusion; teen years into 20s
Question: Young adulthood
Answer: Intimacy vs. isolation; 20s to early 40s
Question: Middle adulthood
Answer: Generativity vs. stagnation; 40s to 60s
Question: Late adulthood
Answer: Integrity vs despair; late 60s and up
Question: psychoanalysis
Answer: Freud's theory of personality and the associated techniques for treating psychological disorders.
Question: Free Association
Answer: in which he told the patient to relax and say whatever came to mind, no matter how embarrassing or trivial
Question: Id
Answer: unconscious energy
Question: Superego
Answer: internalized ideals
Question: Ego
Answer: Mostly conscious; makes peace between the id and the superego
Question: Oral
Answer: Pleasure centers on the mouth--sucking, biting, chewing; 0-18 months
Question: Anal
Answer: Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control; 18-36 months
Question: Phallic
Answer: Pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings; 3 to 6 years
Question: Latency
Answer: A phase of dormant sexual feelings; 6 to puberty
Question: Genital
Answer: Maturation of sexual interests; puberty on
Question: Regression
Answer: Retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stge, where some psychic energy remains fixated
Question: Reaction formation
Answer: Switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites
Question: Projection
Answer: Disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
Question: Rationalization
Answer: Offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one's actions
Question: Displacement
Answer: Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person
Question: Denial
Answer: Refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities
Question: Self actualized
Answer: Rich, productive, self-aware, self-accepting, spontaneous, etc. are all characteristics of __________ people
Question: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Answer: What does MMPI stand for?
Question: MMPI
Answer: Although it assesses "abnormal" personality tendencies rather than normal personality traits, the _____ illustrates a good way of developing a personality inventory.
Question: Conscientiousness; agreeableness; neuroticism; openness; extraversion
Answer: CANOE; the "big five"
Question: Conscientiousness
Answer: Organization, care, impulsive/disciplined
Question: Agreeableness
Answer: Ruthless/soft-hearted; suspicious/trusting; uncooperative/helpful
Question: Neuroticism
Answer: Calm/anxious; secure/insecure; self-satisfied/self-pitying
Question: Openness
Answer: Practical/imaginative; prefers routine/prefers variety; conforming/independent
Question: Extraversion
Answer: Retiring/sociable; sober/fun-loving; reserved/affectionate
Question: Reciprocal determinism
Answer: Person-environment interaction
Question: Internal locus of control
Answer: individuals believe they can control events that happen to them
Question: External locus of control
Answer: individuals believe they are powerless to control outside events.