Exercising power by breaking the rules of the game _________.

doesn't always work, since threats and bribes can fail

Sociologists define status as __________.

the prestige accorded to individuals and to important social or economic roles.

Which of the following statements is indicative of the third-dimensional view of power?

Conflict is not necessary for power to exist.

Why is the image of the "invisible hand" in Adam Smith's analysis of capitalism said to be misleading?

For markets to function properly, rules must be enforced by the state that violated

Social security, health and unemployment insurance, and welfare for poor families compromise the ____________.

welfare state

Medicare is health insurance for everyone ____________.

over 65

Loopholes in the progressive tax system mean the_______.

rich pay far less in taxes than the official tax rate suggests

Billionaire __________ famously highlighted the extent of tax loopholes for the wealthiest Americans when he reported paying less in federal taxes on his income, in terms of percentage, than his secretary.

Warren Buffett

Major corporations that earn tax credits can use them __________.

to lavish pay and other perks on their top managers

In cross-country comparisons, the country that does the least to reduce poverty is __________.

the United States

Which of the following statements exemplifies the "conservative egalitarian" label, which sociologists apply to American voters who do not consistently connect their beliefs about equality to support for government programs that might make our society more egalitarian?

Conservative egalitarian Americans want to help the poor but do not want to pay higher taxes.

Eloise is a network executive at XYZ News Media. She has been instructed to prevent XYZ journalists from covering a breaking scandal involving XYZ's chief financial officer. She has the staff prepare filler stories instead. XYZ, with Eloise's complicity, is engaging in __________.

agenda setting

In the 1970s, residents who lived in a neighborhood called Love Canal in New York discovered that their homes had been built on a dump for toxic wastes. There were high rates of birth defects, miscarriages, and other health complications in Love Canal. After an investigation was conducted, residents were compensated for their pain and suffering. This scenario represents the importance of __________.

regulatory policies

David Jones is a Green Party candidate for city council, which elects one candidate from each of five city districts. He garnered 25 percent of the vote in his district, but took no seat on the city's governing council. Why, do you theorize, this is so?

City council seats are not subject to proportional representation.

Which of the following statements best explains why it is difficult to bring about change in U.S. national politics?

Change in U.S. national politics is difficult because of the power of federal bureaucracies.

Identify a limitation of the premise made by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations.

Smith's analysis did not give enough power to the state's role in capitalism.

Which of the following statements explains why it is better to be a rich person in the United States than in any other part of the world?

The revised tax system has allowed wealthy people to retain most of their income.

Socialism is __________.

an economic system where the government owns property and controls production

According to sociologists, what does the rational-choice perspective of markets overlook?

concerns and considerations about social forces

Why do markets need social ties?

to maintain levels of trust necessary to carry out economic transactions

Insider trading is an example of a(n) __________.

formal market rule

Alpha Corporation, which has developed an impermeable shell that protects it from environmental demands, strongly resists change and thus is said to exhibit __________.

structural inertia

Of the following higher education institutions, which two are most likely to be in the same niche market?

Harvard University and Yale University

Growth of specialization in the kinds of jobs people hold __________.

has continued right up to the present

What is the chief characteristic of the assembly line system of production?

Every task workers perform is completely scripted for them.

In terms of job satisfaction, people tend to rate jobs as better when they __________.

feel trusted by their employer

In comparison with other countries with advanced economies, the United States has __________.

less workplace regulation and weaker labor unions

American workers are increasingly reliant on employers for __________, whereas workers in other rich countries are not.

retirement benefits

During a break at the company that employs them both, Liz and Phil discuss what they dislike about their jobs. Liz is eager to implement some innovative ideas, but her boss is neither enthusiastic about her suggestions nor hopeful that upper management would adopt them. Phil is new to the company, but is already bored with the tedious routine of his job. They both dream about a more exciting, innovative workplace. Liz and Phil's complaints are indicative of the negative aspects of __________.

a bureaucracy

Julie opened a bookstore in 1992 and was pleased that it soon became a favorite gathering spot for local college students. As technology rapidly advanced all around her, demanding major adaptations at all the larger bookstore chains in her area, Julie exhibited structural inertia. Which of the following decisions is confirmation of Julie's structurally inert bookstore business?

Julie resists selling e-books even though her customers have asked her to do so.

Enrique took pride in his ability to handcraft furniture, enjoying each step in the construction, assembly, and finishing of each piece. When his business failed, he began working at a furniture manufacturing plant, where he was responsible for nailing upholstery to sofa and chair frames. Enrique's experience is an example of __________.

deskilling

The __________ is a product of __________.

assembly line; scientific management

At the time of its uprising, the Industrial Revolution changed the nature of __________ in society.

the division of labor

A company named Worldwide Widget Distributors is conducting a job search for a new regional sales manager. Based on what researchers have documented about how power influences hiring decisions, which of the following applicants is most likely to get the job?

a young white male who recently graduated from a top-tier university

Our world is becoming __________.

increasingly urbanized

Before industrialization, daily life for the vast majority of people focused on __________.

immediate sustenance

Dallas/Fort Worth is an example of an urban form known as a __________.

conurb

Edge cities have developed as suburban counterparts to __________.

the traditional downtown areas of large central cities

Urban ecology, a sociological perspective on how neighborhoods form and change, famously borrows ideas from what other academic discipline?

biology

How does the perspective of the city as a growth machine counter the Burgess urban ecology model?

It recognizes the role of political and economic forces, whereas the Burgess model does not.

Sociologist Herbert Gans, in his study of community life, focused on __________.

demographic factors like age, race, occupation, and income

Which of the following forms of community would a New Urbanist favor?

a walkable urban community combining different types of housing, offices, retail, schools, and other components

Social capital refers to the resources available to individuals __________.

through their relationships and networks

One of the most influential theories of urban transformation that helped to explain the deterioration of black neighborhoods from vibrant metropolises to violent ghettos began by documenting __________.

the disappearance of manufacturing jobs from cities

The primary points of entry for the majority of immigrants coming to America from abroad are __________.

major cities

Service-sector jobs, which began to replace manufacturing jobs in the 1970s, refer to __________.

low-wage and high-wage work

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies one of the causes of the rise of urbanization in the United States during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Toby, the son of former slaves, hoped to find employment and tolerance in the North.

Which scenario typifies a federally subsidized exodus of whites from central cities?

Lisa was intimidated by nonwhite minorities who were moving in large numbers to her city, so she relocated to an ethnically homogenous white suburb.

Applying her understanding of cities as growth machines, what can Gabby logically conclude about how and why her city's population has increased so rapidly over the past decade?

Local builders, government officials, media moguls, and university officials used taxation, policy regulations, and civic engagement to develop strip malls, improve public transportation, and build sport and entertainment venues designed to increase population and economic activity.

Which of the following scenarios is an accurate reflection of the impact of technology on community life?

Lydia's social capital has improved since she started using social media to stay connected socially and professionally to friends and work contacts.