Question: North American Free Trade Agreement

Answer: Agreement entered into by Canada, Mexico and the United States in December, 1992 and which took effect on January 1, 1994 to eliminate the barriers to trade in, and facilitate the cross border movement of goods and services between the countries

Question: Informal Economy

Answer: Economic activity that is niether tazed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that governments Gross NAtional Product; as opposed to a formal economy

Question: Gross National Product

Answer: The total value of all goods and services produced by a country's economy in a given year. It inclueds all goods and services produced by corporations and individuals of a country, whether or not they are located within the country

Question: Developing

Answer: With respect to a country, making progress in technonlogy, production, and socioeconomic welfare

Question: Commodity Chain

Answer: Series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the worlds market

Question: Formal Economy

Answer: The legal economy that is taxed and monitored by a government and is included in a governments gross national product; as opposed to an informal economy

Question: Per Capita GNI

Answer: The gross national product (GNP) of a given country divided by its population

Question: World Systems Theory

Answer: Theory originated by Immanuel Wallerstein and illuminated by his three-tier structure, proposing that social change in the developing world in inextricably linked to the economic activites of the developed world

Question: Gross National Income

Answer: The total value of all goods and services produced by a country's economy in a given year. It includes all goods and services produced by corporations and individuals of a country, whether or not they are located within the country

Question: Gross Domestic Product

Answer: The toal value of all goods and services produced within a country during a given year

Question: Structuralist Theory

Answer: A general term for a model of economic development that treats economic disparities among countries or regions as the result of historically derived power relations within the global economic system

Question: Neo-Colonialism

Answer: The entrenchment of the colonial order, such as trade and investment, under a new guise

Question: Context

Answer: The geographical situation in which something occurs; the combination of what is happening at a variety of scales concurrently

Question: Modernization Model

Answer: A model of economic development most closely associated with the work of economist Walter Rostow. The _______ maintains that all countries go through five interrelated stages of developing, which culminate in an economic state of self-sustained economic growth and high levels of mass consumption

Question: Dependency Theory

Answer: A structuralist theory that offers a critique of the modernization model of development. Based on the idea that certain types of political and economic relations (especially colonialism) between countries and regions of the world have created arrangements that both control and limit the extent to which regions can develop

Question: Microcredit Program

Answer: Program that provides small loans to poor people, especially women, to encourage development of small businesses

Question: Nongovernmental Organizations

Answer: International organization that operates outside of the formal political arena but that are nevertheless influential in spear international initiatives on social, economic, and environmental issues

Question: Island of Development

Answer: Place built by a government or sorporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infastructure

Question: Desertification

Answer: The encroachment of desert conditions on moister zones along the desert margins, where plant cover and soils are threatened by desiccation - though overuse, in part by humans and their domestic animals, and, possibly, in part because of inexorable shirfts in the Earth's environmental zones

Question: Dollarization

Answer: When a poorer country ties the value of its currency to that of a wealthier country, or when it abandons its currency and adopts the wealthier country's currency as its own

Question: Trafficking

Answer: When a family sends a child or an adult to a labor recruiter in hopes that the labor recruiter will send money, and the family member will earn money to send home

Question: Special Economic Zones

Answer: Specific area within a country in which tax incentives and less stringent environmental regulations are implemented to attract foreign business and investment

Question: Malaria

Answer: Vectored disease spread by mosquitoes that carry the malaria in the salavia and which kills approximately 150,000 children in the global periphery each month

Question: Export Processing Zones

Answer: zones established by many countries in the periphery and semi-periphery where they offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade and investment

Question: Maquiladoras

Answer: The term given to zones in northern Mexico with factories supplying manufactured goods to the U.S. market. The low-wage workers in the primarily forgeign owned factories assemble imported components and/or raw materials and then export finished goods

Question: Three Tier Structure

Answer: With reference to Immanuel Wallersteins world-systems theory, the division of the world into core, the periphery, and the sem-periphery as a means to help explain the interconnections between places in the global economy

Question: Vectored Diseases

Answer: A disease carries from one host to another by an intermediate host

Question: Structural Adjustment Loans

Answer: Loans granted by international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary fund to countries in the periphery and the semi-periphery in exchange for economic and governmental reforms in that country