Lymph Originates In Blood Capillaries That Pick Up Tissue Fluid
Question: Lymph originates in blood capillaries that pick up tissue fluid.True False
Answer: FALSE
Question: Red bone marrow is the point of origin of all immune cells of the lymphatic system.True False
Answer: TRUE
Question: Mucous membranes prevent most pathogens from entering the body because of the stickiness of the mucus and the presence of lysozymes.True False
Answer: TRUE
Question: Interferons are secreted in response to bacterial infections.True False
Answer: FALSE
Question: Pus is made of dead neutrophils, macrophages, and other tissue debris from a damaged tissue.True False
Answer: TRUE
Question: Pyrogens act by increasing the set point for body temperature in the thalamus.True False
Answer: FALSE
Question: The antigenicity of a molecule is due to specific regions of it called haptens.True False
Answer: FALSE
Question: Interleukins are chemical signals by which immune cells communicate with each other.True False
Answer: TRUE
Question: Helper T cells respond only to epitopes attached to MHC proteins.True False
Answer: TRUE
Question: Cytotoxic T cells respond only to antigens bound to MHC-I proteins.True False
Answer: TRUE
Question: Clonal selection of T cells happens in the thymus.True False
Answer: FALSE
Question: Naive T cells can synthesize antibodies.True False
Answer: FALSE
Question: Humoral immunity takes care of intracellular viruses, whereas cellular immunity takes care of extracellular viruses.True False
Answer: FALSE
Question: Memory B cells are found circulating mainly in the lymph.True False
Answer: FALSE
Question: Some antibodies against foreign antigens can react to similar self-antigens causing an autoimmune disease.True False
Answer: TRUE
Question: Lymphatic vessels recover about ______________ of the fluid filtered by capillaries.A. 5% B. 15%C. 25%D. 50% E. 85%
Answer: B. 15%
Question: Lymph is similar to blood plasma, but very low inA. protein. B. carbon dioxide. C. metabolic waste. D. electrolytes. E. sodium and potassium.
Answer: A. protein.
Question: Special lymphatic vessels called lacteals absorb dietary ______________ that are not absorbed by the blood capillaries.A. water B. glucose C. vitamins D. amino acids E. lipids
Answer: E. lipids
Question: The ______________ tonsils are the largest, and their surgical removal (tonsillectomy) used to be one of the most common surgical procedures performed in children.A. adenoid B. lingual C. palatine D. pharyngeal E. nasopharyngeal
Answer: C. palatine
Question: All these forces help lymph to flow exceptA. rhythmic contractions of lymphatic vessels. B. the thoracic pump. C. the skeletal muscle pump. D. the lymphatic node pump.E. arterial pulsations squeezing lymphatic vessels.
Answer: D. the lymphatic node pump.
Question: _____________ are the largest of the lymphatic vessels and they empty into the _______________.A. Lymphatic trunks; collecting ducts B. Lymphatic trunks; subclavian arteries C. Lymphatic trunks; subclavian veins D. Collecting ducts; subclavian veins E. Collecting ducts; subclavian arteries
Answer: D. Collecting ducts; subclavian veins
Question: Immune surveillance is a process in which ____________ nonspecifically detect and destroy foreign cells and diseased host cells.A. T lymphocytes (T cells) B. reticular cells C. dendritic cells D. macrophagesE. natural killer (NK) cells
Answer: E. natural killer (NK) cells
Question: This organ shows a remarkable degree of degeneration (involution) with age.A. lymph node B. thymus C. spleen D. pharyngeal tonsil E. appendix
Answer: B. thymus
Question: This is the only lymphatic organ with afferent lymphatic vessels.A. lymph node B. thymus C. spleen D. red bone marrow E. tonsils
Answer: A. lymph node
Question: Removal of the _________________ will be the most harmful of all for a one-year-old child.A. spleen B. lymph node C. thymus D. appendix E. palatine tonsil
Answer: C. thymus
Question: All these belong to the second line of defense exceptA. the macrophage system. B. natural killer cells. C. inflammation. D. the gastric juices.E. interferon and the complement system.
Answer: D. the gastric juices.
Question: ______________ are found especially in the mucous membrane, standing guard against parasites and allergens.A. Monocytes B. Lymphocytes C. Basophils D. Neutrophils E. Eosinophils
Answer: E. Eosinophils
Question: ___________ employ a "respiratory burst" to produce bactericidal chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hypochlorite (HClO).A. Neutrophils B. Basophils C. Cytotoxic T cells D. Natural killer cells E. Suppressor T cells
Answer: A. Neutrophils
Question: Complement fixation can lead to any of the following effects exceptA. enhanced inflammation. B. opsonization. C. endogenous pyrexia. D. bacterial phagocytosis. E. cytolysis.
Answer: C. endogenous pyrexia.
Question: ________________ are secreted by cells infected with viruses, alerting neighboring cells and protecting them from becoming infected.A. Complement system globulins B. Interferons C. Granzymes D. PyrogensE. Perforins
Answer: B. Interferons
Question: This figure showsA. the action of interferon. B. the action of the complement system. C. the action of a natural killer cell. D. immune clearance. E. opsonization.
Answer: C. the action of a natural killer cell.
Question: A pyrogen is a substance that causesA. inflammation. B. opsonization. C. complement fixation. D. cytolysis. E. fever.
Answer: E. fever.
Question: This is the first of a series of neutrophil behaviors in inflammation.A. chemotaxis B. margination C. diapedesis D. phagocytosis E. opsonization
Answer: B. margination
Question: _______________ is not a cardinal sign characteristic of inflammation.A. Impaired use B. Redness C. Pain D. HeatE. Swelling
Answer: A. Impaired use
Question: Basophils of the blood help to get defensive leukocytes to the site quickly by releasing an anticoagulant called _____ and a vasodilator called ____________.A. bradykinin; histamine B. selectin; prostaglandin C. histamine; heparin D. heparin; histamineE. prostaglandins; selectin
Answer: D. heparin; histamine
Question: All these cellular agents participate in inflammation exceptA. cytotoxic T cells. B. helper T cells. C. eosinophils. D. neutrophils.E. endothelial cells.
Answer: A. cytotoxic T cells.
Question: These are a group of proteolytic enzymes secreted by natural killer (NK) cells.A. selectins B. cytokines C. granzymes D. perforins E. interferons
Answer: C. granzymes
Question: Complement C3b protein coats bacteria and stimulates phagocytosis by ___________ in a process called _____________.A. lymphocytes and monocytes; opsonization B. neutrophils and macrophages; cytolysis C. mast cells and basophils; opsonization D. mast cells and basophils; cytolysisE. neutrophils and macrophages; opsonization
Answer: E. neutrophils and macrophages; opsonization
Question: _________________ are antimicrobial proteins.A. Bradykinins B. Interferons C. Cytokines D. KininsE. Prostaglandins
Answer: B. Interferons
Question: One characteristic of the immune response is specificity. This means thatA. immunity starts in defined organs in the body. B. immunity starts in specialized tissues in the body. C. immunity is carried on by a specific group of cells of the immune system. D. immunity is directed against a particular pathogen. E. immunity is carried on by a specific group of tissues of the immune system.
Answer: D. immunity is directed against a particular pathogen.
Question: Vaccination stimulatesA. natural active immunity. B. artificial active immunity. C. natural passive immunity. D. artificial passive immunity. E. artificial specific immunity.
Answer: B. artificial active immunity.
Question: Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity is effective againstA. allergens. B. venoms. C. cancer cells. D. extracellular viruses. E. toxins.
Answer: C. cancer cells.
Question: A(n) ______________ is the region of the molecule that is recognized by antibodies.A. epitope B. antigen C. hapten D. major histocompatibility complex (MHC) E. antibody monomer
Answer: A. epitope
Question: T cells achieve immunocompetence inA. the bone marrow. B. the bloodstream. C. the spleen. D. the thymus.E. the liver.
Answer: D. the thymus.
Question: T cells undergo positive selection in the thymus, which meansA. they react against self antigens. B. they develop surface antigen receptors. C. they remain alive but unresponsive. D. self-reactive T cells die and macrophages phagocytize them. E. they multiply and form clones of identical T cells.
Answer: E. they multiply and form clones of identical T cells.
Question: The serum used for emergency treatment of snakebites stimulatesA. artificial passive immunity. B. artificial active immunity. C. natural passive immunity. D. natural active immunity. E. artificial specific immunity.
Answer: A. artificial passive immunity.
Question: The majority of T cells of the naive lymphocyte pool wait for the encounter with foreign antigens inA. the plasma. B. the thymus. C. the lymphatic tissues. D. the lymph. E. most body fluids.
Answer: C. the lymphatic tissues.
Question: All of the following can act as antigen-presenting cells exceptA. reticular cells. B. dendritic cells. C. macrophages. D. B cells.E. T cells.
Answer: E. T cells.
Question: Helper T (TH) cells recognize antigens when they are bound to a(n)A. hapten. B. immunoglobulin. C. natural killer cell. D. major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein. E. basophil.
Answer: D. major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein.
Question: Antigen-presenting cells usually display processed antigens to T cells inA. plasma. B. lymph nodes. C. thymus. D. red bone marrow. E. liver.
Answer: B. lymph nodes.
Question: Helper T (TH) cells do notA. secrete cytokines that stimulate clonal selection of B cells. B. secrete cytokines that stimulate clonal selection of cytotoxic T cells. C. secrete cytokines that stimulate macrophage activity. D. secrete inflammatory chemicals. E. secrete fever-producing chemicals.
Answer: E. secrete fever-producing chemicals.
Question: _____________________ participate in both nonspecific resistance and immune response.A. Memory T (TM) cells B. Regulatory T (TR) cells C. Natural killer (NK) cells D. Helper T (TH) cells E. Cytotoxic T (TC) cells
Answer: D. Helper T (TH) cells
Question: Cytotoxic T (TC) cells are like natural killer (NK) cells because they bothA. secrete interferons. B. secrete granzymes and perforin. C. participate in the immune response. D. participate in nonspecific resistance. E. secrete tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
Answer: B. secrete granzymes and perforin.
Question: Memory T cells can live up toA. weeks. B. days. C. decades. D. years.E. months.
Answer: C. decades.
Question: Antibodies do notA. link antigen molecules together. B. neutralize antigens by binding to regions of an antigen that can be pathogenic. C. bind to enemy cells, thus changing their shape so their complement-binding sites are exposed. D. differentiate into memory antibodies, which upon re-exposure to the same pathogen would mount a quicker attack. E. bind antigen molecules of two or more enemy cells and stick them together.
Answer: D. differentiate into memory antibodies, which upon reexposure to the same pathogen wouldmount a quicker attack.
Question: This is the correct sequence of events in the humoral immune response.A. antigen recognition → antigen presentation → differentiation → clonal selection → attack B. antigen recognition → antigen presentation → clonal selection → differentiation → attackC. antigen presentation → antigen recognition → clonal selection → differentiation → attack D. antigen presentation → antigen recognition → clonal selection → attack differentiationE. antigen recognition → differentiation → antigen presentation → clonal selection → attack
Answer: B. antigen recognition → antigen presentation → clonal selection → differentiation → attack
Question: Each immunoglobulin (Ig) has ______________ antigen-bonding site(s).A. two B. four C. six D. one E. three
Answer: A. two
Question: _________________ constitutes about 80% of circulating antibodies in plasma.A. IgD B. IgE C. IgA D. IgM E. IgG
Answer: E. IgG
Question: This is the class of immunoglobulin that provides passive immunity to the newborn.A. IgD B. IgE C. IgM D. IgA E. IgG
Answer: D. IgA
Question: Before B cells secrete antibodies they differentiate intoA. stem cells. B. antigen-presenting cells. C. plasma cells. D. T cells. E. macrophages.
Answer: C. plasma cells.
Question: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) targets mainlyA. helper T cells. B. B cells. C. plasma cells. D. cytotoxic T cells. E. natural killer cells.
Answer: A. helper T cells.
Question: Most common allergies are the result ofA. autoimmune diseases. B. type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity. C. type III (immune complex) hypersensitivity. D. type II (antibody-dependent cytotoxic) hypersensitivity. E. type I (acute) hypersensitivity.
Answer: E. type I (acute) hypersensitivity.
Question: Beta cell destruction that causes type 1 diabetes mellitus is a(n)A. anaphylactic hypersensitivity. B. type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity. C. type III (immune complex) hypersensitivity.D. type II (antibody-dependent cytotoxic) hypersensitivity. E. type I (acute) hypersensitivity.
Answer: B. type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity.
Question: A person who is HIV-positive and has a helper T (TH) cells count lower than ____________ has AIDS.A. 20,000 cells/μL B. 5,000 cells/μL C. 1,000 cells/μL D. 200 cells/μLE. 50 cells/μL
Answer: D. 200 cells/μL
Question: Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which the immune system fails to distinguish____________ from foreign ones.A. self-immunoglobulins B. self-antibodies C. self-antigens D. self-interleukinsE. self-complement proteins
Answer: C. self-antigens