Question: genetically identical

Answer: mitosis = Yes, genetically identicalmeiosis = No, not genetically identical

Question: What kinds of cells go through mitosis?

Answer: Complex organisms usually descend from two parents and their genetic information is inherited from both. This inheritance is done by a process of cell division called meiosis. After meiosis, the fertilized egg will continue to grow and develop using mitosis.

Question: How are single celled organisms repaired different from multicellular organisms?

Answer: Multicellular eukaryotes use mitotic division for growth, repair, and replacement of worn-out cells. For a unicellular eukaryote, cellular division through mitosis results in a whole new organism.

Question: How are eukaryotic cells different from prokaryotic cells in terms of mitosis?

Answer: In eukaryotes, mitosis is part of the cell cycle. Only eukaryotes, organisms whose cells contain a nucleus, can undergo mitosis.

Question: How does the function of mitosis differ between unicellular and multicellular organisms?

Answer: In unicellular organisms, mitosis is the means by which the organism reproduces. In multicellular organisms, mitosis begins after meiotic reproduction in the fertilized egg. It allows growth, repair, and replacement of cells.

Question: Eukaryotes pass two checkpoints before entering mitosis. What advantage would a checkpoint be in multicellular replication?

Answer: Checkpoints serve to establish that conditions for profusion are correct, which makes mistakes in replication less likely. Checkpoints ensure that daughter cells receive genetically identical information from their parent cell.

Question: Why does reproduction take longer for an amoeba than for a bacterium?

Answer: An amoeba is a eukaryote, which reproduces through mitosis. Bacteria, such as prokaryotes, reproduce by binary fission. Eukaryotes, which have distinct nuclei and organelles, are more complex organisms than prokaryotes. Mitosis takes longer than fission because it contains more phases and checkpoints.

Question: What is meant when it is said that two daughter cells are genetically identical?

Answer: A daughter cell's chromosomes are exact copies of its parent cells so all of the genetic information it contains will also be identical to its parents. In a multicellular organism, however, a daughter cell's function may be very different from its parent's, depending on its gene expression.

Question: Mitosis requires more energy than binary fission. What advantages does mitosis give to a unicellular organism?

Answer: Mitotic checkpoints ensure that a cell's DNA is copied perfectly. That means that, when a cell replicates, it does so with few errors. Fewer errors mean the cell replication is more often successful, and this, in turn, means that cell replication does not need to be as fast to remain competitive. Slower replication allows for a longer growth cycle, which makes a larger, stronger organism.

Question: Why did cells developed the ability to replicate by mitosis?

Answer: Mitosis is a slower process of replication than the ones used by prokaryotes. Growth takes time. Since eukaryotic cells can grow much larger than prokaryotes, a long cell cycle gives them more time to reach their full size.

Question: Prometheoarchaeum's large size and slow growth are dependent on its symbiotic bacteria. What advantage would it give the archaeon to develop a cell nucleus?

Answer: The membrane around a cell's nucleus protects it from invasion or damage and keeps its genetic information safe. Based on the behavior of mitochondria, developing a nucleus with a membrane could protect both the archaeon's chromosomes and the DNA of its symbiont bacterium. Since the nuclear membrane dissolves only during prophase, the bacterium's DNA, like the archaeon's, could be more easily regulated.

Question: Prometheoarchaeum

Answer: A type of bacteria

Question: archaeon

Answer: member of a group of single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus but are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria

Question: mitosis

Answer: cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes

Question: Which stage of mitosis is characterized by microtubules pulling replicating chromosomes apart and separating them into sister chromatids?

Answer: anaphase

Question: Which phase of mitosis is characterized by each pair of sister chromatids moving to opposite sides of the cell?

Answer: telophase

Question: If a scientist is monitoring cytokinesis in a cell, then the scientist must be witnessing

Answer: anaphase.

Question: What is the name given to the process by which a parent cell becomes two identical daughter cells?

Answer: mitosis

Question: A scientist looks into a microscope and sees that chromosome pairs are in bipolar tension. Which mitotic phase is the scientist likely witnessing?

Answer: metaphase