Aaron T. Beck would most likely

focus on a client's catastrophic thinking patterns

Albert Ellis' view of psychological problems was that they

are due to irrational thinking

Rational-emotive behavior therapy assumes that abnormal functioning results from which of the following?

Unreasonable beliefs or assumptions

Behavior therapists emphasize which of the following in their treatment of clients?

Responses that have been reinforced in the past

Which of the following behavior-therapy techniques is typically used to reduce fear of heights?

Systematic desensitization

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a behavioral approach to therapy?

Finn has been acting out at school, so his therapist employs a token economy to reward Finn when he behaves well.

Behaviorally oriented therapists seek to modify a client's behavior by

changing the contingencies of reinforcement for the client

How would a clinical psychology researcher know whether client-centered therapy is effective in treating anxiety?

Clients randomly assigned to be spoken to with unconditional positive regard have lower cortisol levels than those in a control group.

Anthony thinks he will fail his math test because he believes he is terrible at math, even though he has passed his previous math tests. Which of the following explanations would the cognitive approach use to explain Anthony's behavior?

His irrational thoughts are causing him to doubt his abilities, even though he has evidence to show otherwise.

The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from

maladaptive interpretations of life events

In treating a patient for depression, Dr. Pratt focuses on changing the ways in which the patient interprets events. Which type of therapy is Dr. Pratt using?

Cognitive

Electroconvulsive therapy has been most successful in the treatment of

clinical depression

The goal of rational-emotive therapy is to help clients

Correct self-defeating thoughts about their lives

An advantage of group therapy over individual therapy is that group therapy

enables clients to realize that their problems are not unique

Which therapist best illustrates the humanistic orientation to therapy?

Gil's therapist, who engages in active listening during their sessions

Using psychological techniques such as free association to explore a client's early relationships is characteristic of what type of treatment?

Psychoanalysis

In rational-emotive therapy, the therapist helps clients by

confronting clients with their faulty logic

Lithium carbonate has been useful in some instances in the treatment of

bipolar disorder

Persistent repetitive thoughts that cannot be controlled are known as

obsessions

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a therapist using rational-emotive behavior therapy?

Stanley thinks he is never going to get a job, so his therapist says that would be the worst thing that could ever happen to Stanley.

According to Carl Rogers, the role of the therapist in person-centered psychotherapy is to

accept the client unconditionally so that the client's own desire for mental health and positive growth will flourish

The phenomenon of transference is a recognized component of which of the following therapeutic treatments?

Psychoanalysis

Which of the following therapeutic approaches is most likely to be criticized because it does not treat the underlying cause of the disorder?

Behavioral

Which of the following statements best illustrates a social-cognitive explanation for the development of depression?

Yolanda ruminates about her failures, so she is more likely to develop depression.

Which of the following is the term associated with psychologists not sharing their clients' personal information with others?

Confidentiality

Community psychologists intervene at the primary level when they

design prevention programs for potential problems before the problems actually occur

Training in the construction of an anxiety hierarchy and in relaxation techniques is likely to be part of the treatment for which of the following?

Specific phobia

Bipolar disorders are most effectively treated with a combination of tricyclic antidepressants and

lithium carbonate

A clinical psychologist believes that Caroline's problems stem from the lack of consistency between her self-concept and reality. According to the psychologist, this discrepancy makes Caroline feel anxious and threatened. Caroline's psychologist most likely adheres to which of the following orientations?

Client-centered

Dr. Antonio conducted a study on a patient who was experiencing extreme depression and was suicidal. Dr. Antonio recorded the patient's thoughts and actions in an attempt to determine what thoughts most likely led to the suicidal ideation. What type of study is Dr. Antonio conducting, and what conclusion can he make?

Dr. Antonio is conducting a case study, and he can conclude that for this patient certain thoughts are related to suicidal ideati