The sulcus that separates the atria from the ventricles is the ____________ sulcus.

atrioventricular

In the right atrium, the auricle and anterior wall exhibit obvious muscular ridges called

pectinate muscles.

Label the internal anatomy of the heart.

What are the primary blood vessel types and their functions? Check all that apply.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

Veins carry blood back to the heart.

Capillaries are the sites of exchange between the blood and the lungs or body cells.

Place the heart wall structures in the order you would find them, beginning with the most superficial one first.

Fibrous layer of the pericardial sac

Serous layer of the pericardial sac

Pericardial cavity

Epicardium

Myocardium

Endocardium

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct.

The SA node spontaneously fires at regular intervals.

This is because the cells of the SA node do not have a stable restingmembrane potential like skeletal muscles or neurons.

Their membrane potential starts at about -60 mV and drifts upward.

This upward drift towards a gradual depolarization is called the pacemaker potential.

This results from a slow inflow of Na+ without a compensating outflow of K+.

Drag each statement to the appropriate position to identify the valve being described.

Which of the following is not true for ventricular systole?

The ventricles relax.

The ventricles begin to fill during ventricular diastole.

True

The semilunar valves close during

ventricular diastole.

The atrioventricular valves open during

ventricular diastole.

Atrial contraction accounts for most of the ventricular filling.

False

Correctly label the following external anatomy of the posterior heart.

Drag each label into the appropriate position to characterize the events of a single heart cycle as seen on an EKG tracing.

Correctly label the pathway of blood flow through the heart, beginning with the right atrium.

Oxygen-poor blood enters which chamber of the heart?

Right atrium

The right atrioventricular valve is also called the

tricuspid valve.

The only arteries in the body that carry oxygen-poor blood are the coronary arteries.

False

Left ventricular contraction propels blood through which valve?

Aortic valve

How many pulmonary veins are there?

Four

Label the structures of the pericardium in the figure.

Check all of the ways in which the heart chambers are involved in pulmonary circulation.

Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium.

Deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation enters the right atrium.

Once in the heart, deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

Put the pattern of circulation into the correct order, beginning with the pulmonary circulation.

Blood leaves the right side of the heart.

Blood enters the pulmonary arteries and travels to the lungs.

Blood enters the pulmonary veins.

Blood enters the left side of the heart.

Blood enters the systemic arteries.

Blood delivers oxygen to the tissues, and then enters systemic veins.

Correctly label the following external anatomy of the anterior heart.

Match the specific area of the heart on the left side supplied by the coronary artery branch on the right.
1. Right border of the heart
2. Posterior surface of both ventricles
3. Anterior surface of both ventricles
4. Left atrium and ventricle

Marginal

Posterior interventricular

Anterior interventricular

Circumflex

Check all that are a function of the pericardium.

Prevent the heart from bouncing in the thoracic cavity

Prevent the heart from overfilling with blood

Create a near-frictionless environment through the production of serous fluid

Check all that are characteristics of cardiac muscle.

Cells are short and branching.

Cells have one or two nuclei in the center of the cell.

They are composed of thick and thin filaments.

The functional contractile unit is the sarcomere.

Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct.

When atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure, the AV valves open.

When ventricular pressure rises above atrial pressure, the blood in the ventricle pushes the AV valves closed.

In the SL valves, when the pressure in the ventricles is greater than the pressure in the arteries, the SL valves are forced open.

When ventricular pressure is lower than arterial pressure, arterial blood holds the SL valves closed.

Correctly label the pathway for the cardiac conduction system.

Indicate whether each structure is part of the systemic or pulmonary circuit.

Correctly label the following external anatomy of the anterior heart.

Match the component of the electrocardiogram to the correct definition.

1. P wave Atrial depolarization correct

2. QRS complex Ventricular depolarization correct

3. T wave Ventricular repolarization correct

4. PQ segment Atrial contraction or atrial systole correct

5. ST segment Ventricular contraction or ventricular systole

During which event of the cardiac cycle does aortic pressure reach its maximum?

Ventricular ejection

During which event of the cardiac cycle do the atria both relax and contract?

Ventricular filling

During which event of the cardiac cycle do both the atria and ventricles relax?

Isovolumetric relaxation

The audible heart sounds are caused by the contraction of the atria and ventricles.

False

The P wave of the ECG coincides with ventricular filling.

True

Check all that occur during ventricular systole.

The semilunar valves open to allow blood to flow into the large arteries.

The AV valves close to prevent backflow of blood into the atria.

The wall of the __________ is much thicker than any other chamber in the heart which allows for stronger contractions to pump blood through the systemic circulation.

left ventricle

Match the heart valve with its description.
1. Between left ventricle and ascending aorta
2. Between left atrium and left ventricle
3. Between right atrium and right ventricle
4. Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Aortic semilunar valve

Bicuspid valve

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Tricuspid valve

Indicate the heart chamber responsible for the given function.

Put the steps of the cardiac cycle into the correct order, starting with the beginning of the cardiac cycle.

Atrial contraction and ventricular filling

Isovolumetric contraction

Ventricular ejection

Isovolumetric relaxation

Atrial relaxation and ventricular filling

Correctly label the following external anatomy of the posterior heart.

Classify the following images into the phase of the cardiac cycle they represent.

Place the locations of the heart's conducting system in order, beginning with the location where the heartbeat is initiated.

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Atrioventricular (AV) bundle

Left and right bundle branches

Purkinje fibers

Which of the following is the region of the thoracic cavity where the heart is located?

Mediastinum

Action potentials are carried by the Purkinje fibers from the bundle branches to the ventricular walls.

True

The action potential travels along the interventricular septum to the apex of the heart, where it then spreads superiorly along the ventricular walls.

True

The sequence of travel by an action potential through the heart is

sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers.

In the heart, an action potential originates in the

sinoatrial node.

Which of the following is true concerning the heart conduction system?

Action potentials pass slowly through the atrioventricular node.

Match the vessel with its associated chamber.

1. Inferior and superior vena cava Right atrium

2. Pulmonary trunk Right ventricle

3. Pulmonary veins Left atrium

4. Aorta Left ventricle

Complete each sentence by dragging the labels to the appropriate blanks. Then place each sentence in a logical order beginning with blood entering the right side of the heart.

The contraction of the heart begins with autorhythmic depolarization of the sinoatrial node located in the superior portion of the posterior atrial wall.

From the pacemaker , the wave of depolarization disperses through the myocardium of the atria.

Depolarization then arrives at the atrioventricularnode located in the inferior interatrial septum.

The AV node fires causing the signal to travel into the AV bundle branches as it passes through the interventricular septum.

Making a U-turn at the apex of the heart, the signals are then carried by the Purkinje fibers through the exterior walls of the ventricles.

Unidirectional flow in the heart is ensured because the heart contains __________ that prevent backflow.

valves

Label the coronary arteries in an anterior view of the heart.

The specific valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle when the ventricles relax is the ______________ valve.

pulmonary