______ defines who and what we are in relation to others.

Status

Which of the following is an ascribed status?

being a daughter

Both statuses and roles

vary from one culture to another.

Difficulty managing the demands of being a parent and being a student illustrates

role conflict

What term refers to the process by which people creatively shape their world as they interact?

social construction of reality

Nonverbal communication refers to:

body movements, gestures, and facial expressions.

The English language often treats as ______ whatever has greater value, force, or significance.

masculine

In general, an important foundation of humor is:

contradiction or ambiguity found in differing definitions of the same situation.

What does the case of Harold and Sybil show?

Men and women often have disagreements because they fail to understand their different points of view.

The process by which people act and react in relation to others is called:

status interaction.

Member of all societies rely on ______ to make sense out of daily situations.

social structure

What is the term for a social position that a person holds?

status

At any given time, you occupy a number of statuses. These are your:

status set.

What is the term for a social position a person receives at birth or takes on involuntarily later in life?

ascribed status

A person who becomes a senior citizen acquires a/an:

ascribed status.

What is the term for a social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal ability and effort?

achieved status

The status of "drug dealer" is a/an:

achieved status.

What is the term for a status that has special importance for social identify, often shaping a person's entire life?

master status

When a person introduces themselves by stating their occupation along with their name, it is an indication that their occupation functions as a/n:

master status.

What is the term for behaviour expected of someone who holds a particular status?

role

Students are expected to attend classes and complete assignments. These activities make up a student's:

role.

The enactment of a role, or ______, varies according to an individual's unique personality.

role performance

A "role set" refers to:

a number of roles attached to a single status.

What is the term for the incompatibility among roles corresponding to two or more statuses?

role conflict

What is the term for the tension among roles connected to a single status?

role strain

Deciding to "leave the job at work" before heading home to the family can be an effective strategy for minimizing:

role conflict.

What is the term for the process by which people disengage from important social roles?

role exit

What is the process by which people creatively shape reality through social interaction?

social construction of reality

The study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance is referred to as:

dramaturgical analysis.

Which sociologist used "dramaturgical analysis" in his approach to sociology?

Erving Goffman

What is Goffman's term for individuals' efforts to create specific impressions in the minds of others?

presentation of self

According to dramaturgical analysis, a ______ is like a part in a play.

status

A dramaturgical analysis of a typical physician's office would show which of the following messages?

"I will help you, but you must allow me to take charge."

What is the term for communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech?

nonverbal communication

Which of the following is NOT an example of body language?

saying "I like you" to someone

What is a "demeanour"?

the way we act and carry ourselves

What is personal space?

the surrounding area over which a person makes some claim to privacy

Two men and two women, all of equal size, are sitting on a park bench. Personal space patterns in Canada would typically show:

the two men use more space than the two women.

Which of the following is TRUE about staring, smiling, and touching?

Women sustain more eye contact than men.

Smiling and making polite remarks to people we do not like is an example of:

idealization.

Helping another person to "save face," or avoid embarrassment, is called:

tact.

Why is tact a common response in potentially embarrassing situation?

Because embarrassment provokes discomfort for everyone.

An airline flight attendant that offers passengers a beverage and a smile illustrates

emotion management.

______ is/are the thread that connects members of a society in the symbolic web we call culture.

Language

In what two ways does language function to define males and females differently?

control and value

A young man refers to his motorcycle, asking, "Isn't she a beauty?" What language function defining the two sexes differently does this demonstrate?

control

Which of the following scenarios provides the best potential for a "well-told" joke?

There is a very sharp contrast between the conventional and unconventional definitions of reality.

Problems in communication between the genders often arise because:

what one partner intends by a comment is not always what the other hears in words.

The significance of "getting" the humour in any joke is a matter of which of the following?

understanding the two realities involved well enough to appreciate their difference

Which of the following is NOT a function of humour?

Humour limits racism and sexism.

Define social interaction.

social interaction: the process by which people act and react in relation to others.

What is the difference between status and status set?

Status: recognized social position that an individual occupies.
Status set: consists of all the statuses a person holds at a given time.

What is the difference between ascribed status and achieved status?

Ascribed status: a social position that someone receives at birth or involuntary assumes later in life.
Achieved status: social position that someone assumes voluntarily and that reflects personal ability and effort.

What is the difference between role and status?

Role: consists of behaviours expected of someone who holds a particular status. Example would be Rosa parks defied her role to give up her seat to a white male in 1955.
Status: recognized social position that an individual occupies. For example, merchant.

What is master status and give an example?

Master status: a status that has exceptional importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life. An example of this would be having a handicap.

What is the difference between role conflict and role strain?

Role conflict: conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses
Role strain: tension among the roles connected to a single status

Explain the various ways that language is used in everyday life and how it shapes our reality.

Language and power:language can help men establish control over their surroundings. Female pronouns are use on certain objects (like boats) thus establishing ownership. Can be shaped by social context.
Language and Value: the language treated as masculine is usually given greater value, force, or significance.
Humour: language can be use to create jokes that plays with words or ideas in contrast with the reality of society, for example "Police begin campaign to run down jaywalkers".