1. A sociological understanding of homelessness would include all of the following except?

Individuals personal failures at locating work

Before Leann starts interviewing her research participants, she informs them of risks and benefits of the study?

informed consent

Which of the following is not one of the problems researchers face when conducting social research using human participants?

data provides more valid results

The U.S. has high rates of infant mortality compared to other industrialized nations. What would account for this?

Does not value social programs

12. Why are the issues of abortions and gay marriage so intense in the United States compares to other industrialized nations?

high level of religiosity

13. Which statement about norms is false?

norms are ridged

14. Iman believes that all people should have equal opportunities and be treated equally. However, as she has gotten to know a wide variety of people and circumstances she has come to realize that, in reality, in our society people do not always have equal opportunities and are often not treated fairly. What would her beliefs be classified as?

ideal cultural

15. Which of the following statements would be considered a dominant ideology in the US?

should be able to practice whatever religion

16. How does a social institution relate to the concept of social structure?

which governs major areas of social life

17. How are action and structure related?

action is when individuals act in ways that are not expected or even conflict with their structural positions

18. Which of the following is not true about social structure?

social structures are static across cultures

19. Why are gender expectations an example of social structure?

Gender expectations guide men and women behave

20. Which of the following is not an assumption of the functionalist party?

Society is held together by the domination of the poor by the rich

21. A system in which women play a secondary role to men and have less than equal access to resources and position of power is known as...?

patriarchy

22. The ability to control and allocate resources defines which type of power...?

economic power

What does it mean to say a category is "socially constructed"?

All the answers are correct

A system of inequality is not viable without...?

justifying ideology

25. The major source of presidential campaign contributions is...?

corporations

Which group is usually the most important socializing agent when we are children?

family

27. What agent of socialization has become the most influential agent in contemporary society?

the media

28. Kids often play dress-up or play school as a form of...?

anticipatory socialization

Which position sometimes attributes the social class differences that can be found in society to innate, biological differences?

biological determinism

How do genes and the social environment relate to one another?

Genes may exist for a certain trait but how that trait is expressed depends on

31. According to sociologists, which of the following allows people to communicate?

shared symbols and meanings

32. What are stereotypes?

distorted and untrue generalizations about groups which overlook individual variation

33. A president of a company hold more power and has greater access to resources than a mailroom employee. This illustrates which concept?

status hierarchy

34. When the responsibilities or expectations of a single status compete with one another, which of the following occur?

role strain

35. How do we relate to a reference group?

it is the group we choose to judge ourselves against

36. Which of these helps define the boundary between normal and deviant?

nonconformity

37. One becomes considered a deviant when publically marked with such a designation, and typically acknowledges this definition as part of his or her identity. This is a definition of what theory?

labeling theory

38. From the functionalist perspective, a society without deviance would be excessively conformist. Such a society would...?

...

39. If a person is socialized into the subculture of a deviant group, their deviant behavior can be eliminated or reduced by?

limiting social connection with deviant group

40. Strain theory proposes that when _____, people resort to deviant means to accomplish socially defined goals.

conventional opportunities are blocked

41. Monetary assets that an individual holds, such as stocks, homes, and savings accounts are?

wealth

42. Which term represents money earned from wage employment and interest on investments?

income

43. Approximately what % of American household income does the Top 20 make?

50%

44. Approximately what percentage of wealth do the top 20 American households own?

90%

45. Which type of tax policy has individuals who earn higher incomes pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes?

progressive

Upon what grounds did white Americans justify the racializtion for slavery?

all of these answers are correct

47. All of the following have contributed to undocumented workers in the United States except...?

the boarder was not well patrolled and so many workers were able to cross over

48. Government and private-sector policies that discriminated

racialization of the state

49. What did Banaji and her people discover when testing respondents using implicit association tests?

most people have unconscious preferences for people like themselves

50. What is the likely outcome of colorblind racism?

a continuation of existing racial and ethnic inequality

51. The assumption that women can wear makeup but men are discouraged from doing so is based on _____ expectations.

gender

52. Popular culture often suggests that men are physically stronger than women. How would a sociologist determine it?

Men are encouraged to engage in activities that encourage muscle development whereas women are not encouraged to build muscle

53. Individuals who have a gender identity that does not math their biological sex are...?

transgender people

54. The sociological study of masculinities demonstrates that...?

there are multiple ways for males to be masculine

55. An individual's masculinity is shaped by...?

all of these answers

56. What are gender roles?

the social rules for the attitudes and behaviors

57. Concept of "doing gender" argues that gender is created through..?

social interactions

58. In the U.S. today, how do women earnings compare to men's?

Women earn about 80 percent what men do

59. What concept describes the difficulty women have advancing in their careers?

glass ceiling

60. Feminism is an ideology that...?

seeks cultural and economic equality for men and women

61. How has the structure of the media evolved over the past couple decades?

Media companies have grown in size because of mergers

62. What is the consequence of the concentration of the media ownership?

Cable prices go up but the quality of programming goes down

63. What influences how active audiences interpret media images?

race/ ethnicity

64. Which of the following is not a function of media?

All of these are functions of the media

65. From the sociological perspective, what is consumption?

Choosing, purchasing, and using goods

66. Which of the following reflects how the nature of identity formation has changed?

increasingly, people buy and use things to affirm their sense

67. Emotional obsolescence is when advertisers...?

Constantly cycle new products into the marketplace, keeping customers dissatisfied with what they have

____ is the creation of covert advertising practices where ads become part of real life situations.

Stealth advertising

69. How are media and consumer culture related?

The media promotes customer culture through advertisements

70. What is planned obsolescence?

Intentional design of goods to ensure a loss of utility of a product in a short period of time

71. What factor is responsible for the emergence and growth of economic inequality in agrarian societies?

Accumaltion of material surplus

72. According the Durkheim urban societies are based on an interdependent network of specialized social roles. This type of social cohesion is called _____ solidarity?

organic

73. Gentrification raised property values and the overall attractiveness of the community. This is both positive and negative. Which of the following is a major problem with gentrification?

...

74. Race-based discrimination in real estate practices is called...?

Redlining

Which combination best reflects the main problems cause by today's suburban sprawl?

Destruction of agricultural land and traffic congestion

76. According to Dunlap and Marshall, what causes environmental problems?

human social behavior

77. The balance between the availability and protection of natural resources and their continued consumption is?

sustainability

78. Who is affected by environmental degradation?

the poor much more than the rich

Even in the face of overwhelming evidence, and a broad consensus by the world scientific community, some influential people still insist on denying climate change and have attracted a considerable following. This example illustrates that?

all problems are socially constructed

80. An effort to prevent illegal practice of exposing people of low status, resources, and political voice to undue environmental hazards is called...?

environmental justice

81. How do people come to have gender?

they are socialized to be a boy or girl based on sex

82. What is the second shift?

when working women take responsibility for housework and childcare

83. Which of the following does not provide evidence that sexuality is socially constructed?

Individuals are born with an innate drive to procreate

84. Which of the following is an example of an ideology message promoted by the media?

a progman? (idk) Of finance assumes free markets and capitalism are in everyone's best interests

85. Which of the following terms refers to environmental justice at the global level relating to anthropogenic climate change?

climate justice

Which of the following statement best summarizes the relationship between individuals and social structure?

work together to shape individual

Which of the following is not an element of social research?

learning the truth about human nature

The target group a researcher is interested in studying?

Population

What does it mean for researchers to generalize their findings?

to understand patterns of large groups