Select The Key Innovations In Animal Evolution.
Common characteristics of animals include:
- Multicellularity, heterotrophic, sexual reproduction, missing cell walls
Select the Key innovations in animal evolution
-Symmetry, Segmentation, Body Cavity, Tissues, Various Patterns or Embryonic Development
The only animals that lack any form of body symmetry are
- sponges
Choose the statement that most accurately describes the presence of tissues in animals
- specialized tissues are found in all animals except sponges
All animals descend from a common ancestor and are therefore
- monophyletic
The five key innovations in animal evolution include tissues, a body ____________, various patterns of embryonic development, segmentation, and ______________.
- cavity
- symmetry
Which of the following accurately describes the pseudocoelom?
- It is a body cavity that develops embryo logically between the mesoderm and endoderm
All animals exhibit some form of body symmetry except
- sponges
Animals that undergo embryonic development where the embryonic blastopore develops to become the animal's mouth are
- protostomes
In all animals except ____________, cells differentiate into specialized ___________ which are groups of cells that take on particular functions in the animals body.
- sponges
- tissues
Which of the following refers to a type of body plan where an animal's body is divided into nearly identical units.
- Segmented body plan
Which of the following best explains why animals are considered monophyletic?
- They have a common ancestor
True or False: As molecular data has become widely available most of what was previously known about the deep relationships of animal phyla to each other has been proven wrong.
- False
Protostomes are animals in which the embryonic blastopore becomes the
- mouth
Animals that lack a cowlings do not form a monophyletic clade; therefore,
- animals classification cannot be based on whether or not an animal has a coelom
Which of the following accurately describes animals with a segmented body plan?
- The animals body is divided into nearly identical units
Protostomes van be divided into two clades. Select the two correct groups.
- Lophotrochozoa
- Ecdysozoa
Which of the following is most true regarding molecular and traditional analysis of phylogenies?
- Though there are differences between the two phylogenies, there is much agreement in the deep parts of the evolutionary tree.
Based on ample evidence, the echinoderms and chordates form a monophyletic clade calles the
- deuterostomes
Which of the following are common animal characteristics
- Hererotrophic
- Locomotion
- Sexual Reproduction
- Locomotion
Noncoelomate invertebrates, such as sponges and jellyfish, and noncoelomate worms, are evolutionary important because of which of the following statements?
- They possesses the basic animal body plan from which of the body plan of all other animals evolved
Protestemos can be divided into clades; ____________________ and _______________.
- lophotrochozoans
- ecdysozoans
Which of the following phyla belong to the Deuterostomes?
- Echinoderms
- Chordates
Which of the following statements about sponges is true?
- They are multicellular but do not have true tissues
A body cavity called the ________________ develops in an animal embryo between the mesoderm and endoderm
- pseudocoelm
What are the flagellated cells that line the internal cavity of a sponge and help water from through the ostia called?
- Choanocytes
Most sponges are
- asymmetrical
Noncoelomate invertebrates, such as sponges and jellyfish, and noncoelomate worms, are evolutionarily important because of which of the following statements?
- They possesses the basic animal body plan from which the body plan of all other animals evolved
Why can't we base animal classification on whether or not an animal has a coelom?
- Because the a pelo mate and pseudocoelomate conditions have evolved multiple time
Which of the following describes asexual reproduction in sponges?
- A sponge can break into fragments and each fragment can become an individual
Most sponges do not have a definite _____________ and do not possess tissues
- symmetry
Which of the following statements about sponges is true?
- They are multicellular but do not have true tissues
Despite their simplicity, the appearance of noncoelomate invertebrates was very important- these organisms possesses the basic animal body ________, from which that of all other animals evolved
- plan
What organisms are included in the phylum Ctenophora?
- Comb jellies
What are the flagellated cells that line the internal cavity of a sponge and help water flow through the ostia called?
- Choanocytes
Sponges can reproduce _______________ simply by breaking into fragments, each of which continues to grow as a new individual
- asexually
Which of the following are characteristics of cnidarians?
- They are made of distinct tissues
- They are diploblastic
- They have radial symmetry
In contrast to aparatos, the ____________ includes all animals that have true tissues and body symmetry
- Eumetazoa
Which of the following statements best describes sponges?
- Sponges have several types of cells tat perform different functions
Most cnidarians exist as two different body forms: the ____________ and the _____________.
- polyp
- medusa
Comb jellies make up the phylum ________.
Ctenophora
What Cnidarian form is characterized by a cylindrical body with a mouth sorrow fed by tentacles at the end of the cylinder opposite where it is attached to substrate or colonial tissue?
- Polyp
Members of what phylum are characterized by a diploblastic, radially symmetrical body plan and, while not having organs and organ system, possess distinct tissues?
- Cnidaria
The _______________ form of cnidarians is free-swimming and umbrella-shaped, with a mouth on the concave underside that is surrounded by ______________.
- medusa
- tentacles
What clade includes all animals that have true tissues and body symmetry
- Eumetazoa
True or False: The two different body forms of cnidarians are different in almost all aspects of their shape and function.
- False
Which of the following accurately describes the number of body forms exhibited by most cnidarians?
- Two
The polyp form of cnidarians has a tubular body with a __________ that is surrounded by ___________.
- Mouth
- Tentacles
What are the flagellated cells that line the internal cavity of a sponge and help water flow through the ostia called?
- Choanocytes
Which term refers to the unique stinging intercellular structures of cnidarians?
- Nematocysts
In cnidarians, what is a medusa?
- The free swimming form that is a umbrella shaped with a mouth on the concave underside, surrounded by tentacles
Cnidarians use _______________ in prey capture and defense
- Nematocysts
Which of the following is true of the two body forms found in cnidarians?
-they share the same basic morphology mouth, gastrovascular cavity, and tentacles.
The largest class of _________________ is Anthozoa
- Cnidarian
The _______________ cavity of cnidarians of digestion, gas exchange, waste discharge, and, in many species, gamete formation.
- Gastrovascular
In what capacities do nematocysts function?
- Prey capture
- Defense
What cnidarian class contains solitary or colonial polyps with hollow tentacle and mesenterios that compartmentalizations the gastrovascular cavity?
- Anthozoa
Within phylum Cnidaria, the class that includes the most species is ________________.
- Anthozoa
Stony corals, sea anemones, sea fans, sea whips, sea pansies, and sea pens are all members of what class in phylum Cnidaria?
- Anthozoa
Which of the following are carried out in the gastrovascular space of cnidarians?
- Digestion
- Gamete production (most species)
- Gas exchange
- Waste discharge
Hard coral secrete ______________ of calcium carbonate around themselves. These animals can form coral reefs u shallow water in the tropics, because they contain symbiotic photosynthetic __________________
- Exoskeleton
- Dinoflagellates
Which of the following lies between the epidermis and gastrodermis is if cnidarians?
- Mesoglea
Which term refers to the unique stinging intercellular structures of cnidarians?
- Nematocysts
Select characteristics of the mesoglea of cnidarians.
- Can contain many cells
- Can be acellular
- Found between the epidermis and the gastrodermis
This group of animals is characterized by a transition to bilateral symmetry.
- Bilateria
The unique stinging intracellular structures that assist a typical cnidarian in defense and prey capture are known as ________________.
- Nematocysts
As their name implies, flatworms in the Phylum Acoela lack ____________.
- Coeloms
What cnidarian class contains solitary or colonial polyps with hollow tentacles and mesenterios that compartmentalizations the gastrovascular cavity?
- Anthozoa
How many clades does the Bilateria comprise?
- Two
Choose all characteristics of acoel flatworms.
- They have bilateral symmetry
- Their mouth leads to a solid digestive sincytium
- They don't have a coelom
Which of the following are characteristics of members of class Anthozoa?
- Tentacles hollow
- Compartmentalizations of the gastrovascular cavity by mesenteries
Which of the following are characteristics of hard corals?
- An exoskeleton of calcium carbonate
- Polyp form is dominant
- Symbiotic photosynthetic zooxanthellae