What type of bureaucracy did the caliphate create?

a bureaucracy where only Muslims held all positions of power
a bureaucracy where only non-Muslims were recruited for the army
a bureaucracy where non-Muslims held all positions of power
a bureaucracy where Muslims equally shared the spoils of war

a bureaucracy where only Muslims held all positions of power

Why did most people within the Byzantine and Persian empires accept Islam so easily?

They would be allowed to serve in the government positions.
They were concerned about repression by the new Muslim leadership.
Special consideration was given only to those accepting the new religion.
Trade opportunites would increase and improve their earnings.

They would be allowed to serve in the government positions.

How did Muslims demonstrate religious tolerance to Jews and Christians?

Jews and Christians were allowed to spread their own beliefs.
Jews and Christians were not required to pay any special taxes.
Jews and Christians were allowed to serve in the government.
Jews and Christians were given the job of converting pagans.

Jews and Christians were allowed to serve in the government.

What was the initial issue that created a division for the Muslims?

which city should serve as their capital
who should have leadership
how to maintain religious tolerance
whether the Umayyads should be supported

who should have leadership

What occurred during the Golden Age of Islam?

A shift in government towards extreme rule.
A shift towards cultural decline.
An increase in religious conflicts.
An increased focus on arts, science, and literature.

An increased focus on arts, science, and literature.

The Umayyads were the first Muslim dynasty to

determine leader succession through election.
restrict Muslim control to the Arabian Peninsula.
support Muhammad during his lifetime.
achieve success after caliph rule.

achieve success after caliph rule.

During the Golden Age, Al-Khwarizmi was known for inventing

calligraphy.
algebra.
mosaics.
arabesques.

algebra.

What was one of the primary ways Islam's Golden Age impacted the European Renaissance?

Islam's religious philosophies formed the basis of Europe's Renaissance movement.
Islamic scholars raised so many questions about science and architecture that Europe wanted to discover the answers.
Islam's condemnation of the works of ancient Greek and Roman thinkers initiated retaliation in Europe.
Islamic scholars preserved some of art and literature's most classical works, inspiring the Europeans.

Islamic scholars preserved some of art and literature's most classical works, inspiring the Europeans.

What is considered the highest form of artistic expression in the Islamic culture?

mosques
calligraphy
arabesque
mosaics

mosques

Shi'a is a division of Islam who

recognize idols for religious worship
believe in more than one god.
believe only close relatives and friends of Muhammad should succeed him.
recognize the first four caliphs as Muhammad's rightful successors.

believe only close relatives and friends of Muhammad should succeed him.