How do all viruses differ from bacteria?

Viruses are not composed of cells.

Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE?

-Viruses contain DNA or RNA but never both.
-Viruses have genes.
-Viruses use the anabolic machinery of the cell.
-Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes.
-Viruses contain a protein coat.

Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes.

True or False

Most drugs that interfere with viral multiplication also interfere with host cell function.

True

True or False:

Glycoprotein spikes are found on the capsids of all viruses.

False

What is NOT utilized to culture viruses?

-animal cell cultures
-embryonated eggs
-laboratory animals
-culture media
-bacterial cultures

culture media

An envelope is acquired during which of the following steps?

release

Bacteriophage replication differs from animal virus replication because only bacteriophage replication involves

injection of naked nucleic acid into the host cell.

True or False

The basic mechanism of viral multiplication is similar for all viruses.

True

True or False

Dogs do not get measles because their cells lack the correct receptor sites for that virus.

True

What is the function of the structural elements of a virus?

To package and protect the viral genome

Which virus is NOT associated with cancer?

human papillomavirus (HPV)
hepatitis B virus (HBV)
coronavirus
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

coronavirus

(common cold virus)

A persistent infection is one in which

the disease process occurs gradually over a long period.

True or False

A viroid is a completely developed infectious agent composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a capsid.

False

What disease does the human herpesvirus-1 cause?

cold sores or fever blisters

Which statement is INCORRECT concerning animal viruses?

-Retroviruses use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which synthesizes DNA using RNA as a template.
-The genome of animal viruses is always single-stranded.
-Capsid proteins are produced in the cytoplasm.
-Enveloped viruses are surrounded by a lipid and carbohydrate coat, which is made from the host cell's mitochondria.

The genome of animal viruses is always single-stranded.

Which of the following is true concerning a lysogenic viral replication cycle?

During lysogeny, the viral genome integrates into the host DNA, becoming a physical part of the chromosome.

Each of the following can be used for the detection and/or identification of viruses except _____________

-serologic (immunologic) tests
-observation of cytopathic effects
-fermentation tests
-polymerase chain reaction

fermentation tests

Which of the following are the main causative agents of the common cold?

-Coronaviruses and Streptococcus pneumoniae
-Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae
-Rhinoviruses and coronaviruses
-Rhinoviruses and Streptococcus pneumoniae

Rhinoviruses and coronaviruses

Which of the following types of macromolecules are found in all viruses?

-Polysaccharides
-Proteins
-Lipids
-Nucleic acids

Proteins and nucleic acids

Lysogenic viral DNA which has integrated into the host genome is referred to as

a prophage.

Which of the following events might trigger induction of a temperate bacteriophage?

Exposure to UV light

How is the lytic cycle different from the lysogenic cycle with respect to the infected host cell?

The host cell dies during the lytic stage.

What is the fate of the prophage during the lysogenic stage?

It is copied every time the host DNA replicates.

In which stage does formation of mature viruses occur?

Assembly

Which of the following is true regarding cultivation and isolation of animal viruses?

Diploid cell culture lines, developed from human embryos, are widely used for culturing viruses that require a human host.

How does specialized transduction differ from regular lysogeny?

The prophage in specialized transduction carries with it pieces of the host chromosomal DNA.

How can specialized transduction contribute to the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in a bacterial population?

The prophage takes an antibiotic resistance gene with it and is packaged with the newly synthesized viral DNA.