Question: Which are classified as water-soluble vitamins?

Answer: B, C

Question: All of the following are characteristics of the fat-soluble vitamins EXCEPT:

1. they dissolve in lipids.

2. b. they require bile for absorption.

3. c. they are easily absorbed and excreted in urine.

4. d. they may be toxic in excess.

5. Answer: c. they are easily absorbed and excreted in urine

6. Water-soluble vitamins are readily excreted in the urine, while fat-soluble vitamins are not readily excreted because they tend to build up in the tissues.

7. Question: The need for vitamin E rises as people consume more ________ because it requires antioxidant protection by the vitamin.

8. a. palm oil

9. b. olive oil

10. c. polyunsaturated oil

11. d. coconut oil

12. Answer: c. polyunsaturated oil

13. The need for vitamin E rises as pepole consume more polyunsaturated oil because the oil requires antioxidant protection by the vitamin.

14. Question: Neural tube defects are believed to be related to a woman’s ________ intake before and during pregnancy.

15. a. niacin

16. b. thiamin

17. c. folate

18. d. riboflavin

19. Answer: c. folate

20. Neural tube defects are believed to be related to a woman’s folate intake before and during pregnancy.

21. Question: The antioxidant vitamins are:

22. a. vitamin D, thiamin, and riboflavin.

23. b. vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene.

24. c. vitamin C, riboflavin, and folate.

25. d. retinol, vitamin D, and biotin.

26. Answer: b. vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene.

27. Vitamins E, C, and beta-carotene are antioxidant vitamins, compounds typically found in plant foods that significantly decrease the adverse effects of oxidation of living tissues.

28. Question: Vitamin C supplements may enhance ________ absorption, making ________ overload likely in some people.

29. a. iron

30. b. magnesium

31. c. calcium

32. d. phosphorus

33. Answer: a. iron

34. Vitamin C supplements in any dosage may be dangerous for people with an overload of iron in the body because vitamin C increases iron absorption in the intestine and releases iron from storage.

35. Question:

36. Answer: a. it is due to a niacin deficiency.

37. Beriberi is a classic thiamin-deficiency disease.

38. Question: The best-known role of vitamin D is to:

39. a. help maintain blood calcium and phosphorus levels.

40. b. help synthesize proteins that help clot the blood.

41. c. act as an antioxidant.

42. d. release energy from the energy nutrients.

43. Answer: a. help maintain blood calcium and phosphorus levels.

44. Vitamin D is the best-known member of a large cast of nutrients and hormones that interact to regulate blood calcium and phosphorus levels, and thereby maintain bone integrity.

45. Question: A vitamin D deficiency in children can lead to an abnormality of bone formation with the disease ________ .

46. a. rickets

47. b. osteomalacia

48. c. osteoporosis

49. d. beriberi

50. Answer: a. rickets

51. Rickets is the vitamin D-deficiency disease in children, characterized by abnormal growth of bone and manifested in bowed legs or knock-knees, outward bowed chest, and knobs on the ribs.

52. Question: Which vitamin is mismatched with its deficiency?

53. a. vitamin C - scurvy

54. b. niacin - pellagra

55. c. vitamin D - pernicious anemia

56. d. thiamin - beriberi

57. Answer: c. vitamin D - pernicious anemia

58. Vitamin D deficiency is manifested as rickets, while vitamin B12 deficiency is pernicious anemia.