Question: D

Answer: _____ is the best example of a sensitive period.

1. A child being born blind

2. B. An egg being fertilized

3. C. A fetus developing fingers and toes

4. D. A child learning to speak a second language

5. Question: C

6. Answer: Skinner believed that psychology should focus on the study of behavior. The type of conditioning that Skinner identified was _____.

7. A. classical conditioning

8. B. observational conditioning

9. C. operant conditioning

10. D. cognitive conditioning

11. Question: A

12. Answer: The teacher praised the students for their good work on the spelling test. The teacher hopes that the praise will encourage the students to study hard for the next spelling test. In this example, praise is operating as a _____.

13. A. reinforcement

14. B. punishment

15. C. conditioner

16. D. norm

17. Question: D

18. Answer: Experiments allow researchers to _____.

19. A. study the natural environment

20. B. study the complexity of an individual

21. C. use the scientific method in a cost-effective way

22. D. determine a cause-and-effect relationship

23. Question: B

24. Answer: With regard to cognitive development, Piaget argued that _____ is more revealing than _____.

25. A. what children know; how they think

26. B. how children think; what they know

27. C. the cultural context; what children know

28. D. what children know; their cultural context

29. Question: B

30. Answer: _____ emphasizes unconscious drives and early experiences, whereas _____ emphasizes learning by understanding how a person thinks.

31. A. Psychoanalytic theory; behaviorism

32. B. Psychoanalytic theory; cognitive theory

33. C. Behaviorism; psychoanalytic theory

34. D. Cognitive theory; psychoanalytic theory

35. Question: B

36. Answer: New experiences can be jarring and incomprehensible, causing an imbalance that initially causes confusion, called _____.

37. A. the difference-equals-deficit error

38. B. cognitive disequilibrium

39. C. differential susceptibility

40. D. empirical evidence

41. Question: D

42. Answer:

43. Question: B

44. Answer: An individual’s socioeconomic status includes, among other things, his or her _____.

45. A. ethnicity

46. B. education level

47. C. political beliefs

48. D. religion

49. Question: Which statement about scientific observation is true?

50. A. It requires a large number of participants.

51. B. It requires specialized equipment such as video recorders.

52. C. It involves recording behavior systematically and objectively.

53. D. It must take place in a lab setting.

54. Answer: C