commercial cultivation

How to grow mushrooms

1700s

Commercial cultivation of mushrooms started in earnest around paris in _____

quarries

Commerical cultivation was firsted seen in abandoned ______

paris

Cornell's mycologist traveled there in the early 1900's to glean secrets

Long Island, Pennsylvania

US mushroom cultivation began on ______ in 1880s and later moved to _______

Kennett Square, PA

Where do half of mushrooms produced in the US come from?

60

How many farms are in Kennett Square, PA

True

T/F In Kennett square they celebrate new year by lowering giant crystal mushroom

Agaricus bisporus

What mushroom is known as the buttom mushroom

Buttom mushrooms (agaricus bisporus)

What type of mushrooms are Portebello, Cremini, White button. They have grey pink gills when young and darken to black as it makes its black spores

first step in growing a mushroom

to begin obtain clean mushroom culture

How to take a tissue sample

tear don't cut, take tiny bit with sterile scalpel,pop it in plate

Steps in cultivating mushrooms

- Growing the spawn
- Composting
o horse manure
o chicken litter
- running the spawn
- casing
o cover colonized compost with non nutritive medium to stimulate fruiting
- Pinning
- Harvesting

Boosting Vitamin D in Mushrooms

- A brief exposure to sunlight makes a mushroom produce vitamin D
- Growers are adding UV lights to their packing lines
- Just a few minutes is enough

Button Mushrooms Pros

o Rich in amino acids
o excellent source of vitamins
o contains many minerals
o low fat
o can have vitamin D

Agaritine

- aromatic hydrazine found in Agaricus species
- in mice, oxidative stress occurred for 11 days after single does
- has been seen that if people eat a lot of mushrooms over their lifetime, a very small amount could get cancer due to this

Mushrooms that cant be cultivated are called

Mycorrhizal mushrooms

Cultivable Primary Decomposers Mushrooms

o oyster mushroom
o shitake
o lion's mane

Cultivable Secondary Decomposers Mushrooms

o Button mushrooms
o inky caps

Shitake Spawn

o Wood dowels with fungus growing on and in them
- To make:
o drill hole then hammer in spawn
o cover with wax
o stack them
o submersion in water/beating/shocking

Reishi mushrooms

- can also be grown on sawdust blocks
- environmental conditions like carbon dioxide can affect its growth form

False

T/F You cannot grow stinkhorns

Enoki

What mushroom grows white and long inside, but golden brown and orange outside?

bacteria

o yellow brown lesions
o reduce humidity

chlorinate water

▪ Hurts mushrooms

Trichoderma green mold

▪ eats mycelium of the mushroom
▪ hyphae wrap around mushroom hyphae and digest them

Browning

- When cut or bruised, white agaricus mushrooms slowly turn brown
- chemicals in damaged cells are oxidized by the mushroom's own enzymes
- browning reduces shelf life, reduces profits and leads to waste

GMO mushrooms developed in 2016

- They brown less
o one of mushroom's genes for polyphenol oxidase enzymes has been disabled
o The CRISPR-Cas9 method used to disable it is pretty new

Flies

▪ tunnel into mushrooms carry diseases
▪ try sanitation or insecticides

Button Mushrooms Cons

o Chitin
▪ too much is no good
o mushroom workers lung
o agaritine - a carcinogen?

Oyster Mushrooms:

- best grown on chopped straw, shredded paper, or other high cellulose agricultural wastes
- quick easy and nutritious