Identify the events that took place during the 1920s that demonstrate the limitations to civil liberties at that time.

- The United States Postal Service removed books from the mail that were deemed inappropriate.

- The arrests of a union leader in New Jersey and 400 IWW members in California.

- Hundreds of blacks throughout the South were lynched.

Evangelical Protestants in the 1920s felt threatened by new social mores, scientific theories and philosophies, and immigration that challenged their world views. Identify the key beliefs, events, and people during this time.

- Prohibition: made the consumption, possession, and sale of alcohol illegal

- Modernists: a Protestant Christian that sought to integrate science and religion and adapt Christianity to the secular culture

- Fundamentalists: a Protestant Christian that believed in the literal translation of the Bible as the basis of Christian belief

- Billy Sunday: former professional baseball player and fundamentalist preacher

- Harry Emerson Fosdick: modernist preacher of the Riverside Church in New York City

In 1929, the global financial system was based on the gold standard and extremely vulnerable to any financial downturn escalating quickly to catastrophic economic meltdown. As the financial markets collapsed, thousands of banks collapsed as people withdrew their savings in the fear that paper money would no longer be backed or redeemed for gold.

True

Place of film production

Hollywood

In 1924, a social scientist remarked that the United States had just passed through "one of the most critical ten-year periods" in its history. One of those changes was the disintegration of Progressivism as a political movement and body of thought. Match the intellectuals to their thoughts, writings, or theories on the American body politic.

- Followers of Sigmund Freud: These scientists pointed to wartime IQ tests that allegedly demonstrated that many Americans were unfit for self-government.

- Walter Lippman: He published two of the most damning indictments of American democracy in the 1920s, Public Opinion and The Phantom Public.

- Robert and Helen Lynd: They authored Middletown, a study of a typical Midwest town, which demonstrated how citizens prioritized consumption over political engagement.

The Supreme Court started to change its view on civil liberties in the 1920s. Identify the decisions that demonstrated this shift in the protection of civil liberties.

-The Court voided a Kansas law that made it a crime to advocate unlawful acts to change the political or economic system.

-Anita Whitney of California was imprisoned for attending a communist rally.

-The Court threw out the conviction of Mary Ware Dennett for sending sex education materials through the mail.

Fundamentalist Christians strongly supported Prohibition as it greatly reduced the consumption of ALCOHOL, public DRUNKENNESS, and the related diseases to its abuse.

. . .

The stock market crash of October 1929 itself did not create the Great Depression. There were other indicators that the economy was in serious trouble. Which were long-term indicators of serious trouble prior to October 1929?

- There was stagnation in new automobile sales and household consumer goods after 1926.

- Frenzied real-estate speculation in Florida and California had come to a stop.

Republican influence in big business and their party's domination of government resulted in a close relationship between big business and the Republican Party.

True

With Europe still recovering from the Great War during the 1920s, American corporations invested massive amounts of money into overseas interests. Identify the statements that describe American international trade during this time.

The case upheld the constitutionality of the wartime Espionage Act.

In 1932, the U.S. economy hit rock bottom. Identify examples of the effects these economic events had on the United States between 1929 and 1932.

- The Gross National Product (GNP), or value of all goods and services produced in the country, dropped.: U.S. steel fell from $262 a share to just $22, and General Motors' stock dropped from $73 to $8.

-Unemployment increased.: U.S. steel, which had employed 225,000 people in 1929, had none by 1932. Workers who did have jobs took reduced hours and pay cuts

-Prices on consumer goods decreased.: With such high unemployment, there was no demand for products because no one could afford anything (even at reduced costs).

During the 1900s and 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan experienced explosive growth as immigrants joined in large numbers to defend traditional American Protestant values.

False

Identify the statements that describe President Calvin Coolidge and his administration.

- Coolidge won reelection by a landslide in 1924.

- Coolidge twice vetoed the McNary-Haugen bill, a legislative priority for farmers.

The 1920s were a time of great economic change in the United States. Identify the professions that were in decline even before the 1929 stock market crash.

- Farming

- Manufacturing

- Mining

The Depression transformed and shattered the expectations of the "American way of life." Which are examples of the new reality of American life during the Depression years?

- Thousands of Americans formed shantytowns across the country in parks and fields as they had lost their homes.

- Americans looked for work abroad, as they were unable to find jobs in the United States.

- The Depression reversed the movement of people from farms to cities.

Boston indecency laws led to the phrase BANNED IN BOSTON, which became a term of RIDICULE among those who supported artistic freedom. The Watch and Ward Committee of BOSTON banned SIXTY-FIVE books from area bookstores. The works included some of the greatest literary figures in American history, such as Upton Sinclair, Theodore Dreiser, and Ernest Hemingway.

. . .

In response to the critical economic situation created by the Great Depression, Herbert Hoover quickly and effectively passed the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, which helped to stabilize the American economy in 1930.

False

Read the excerpt from the Majority Opinion, Justice James C. McReynolds, in Meyer v. Nebraska (1923). (insert excerpt) How does the decision in Meyer v. Nebraska expand the definition of liberty protected by the Fourteenth Amendment?

- The Court decided that the English language is not a test of United States citizenship nor can it be required.

With the achievement of woman suffrage in 1920, passing the Equal Rights Amendment became the next objective of the feminist movement. Identify the statements that describe the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).

- The amendment would eliminate all legal distinctions "on account of sex."

- The only women's group to support the amendment was the National Woman's Party.

The 1925 Scopes trial in Tennessee threw into sharp contrast the division between fundamentalism and modern secular culture. Identify the key groups and people involved in the famous trial.

- Clarence Darrow:Famous defense attorney who defended Scopes

- Williams Jennings Bryan: Lawyer for the prosecution who was a famous populist politician, former candidate for president, and fundamentalist Christian

- American Civil Liberties Union:Encouraged Scopes to teach evolution to test the constitutionality of Tennessee's prohibition on teaching it

Hollywood functioned like a public relations firm for the United States during the 1920s, broadcasting a slick image of the prosperous "American way of life" around the world. This is an example of what historian Charles Beard described as America "boring its way" into the world's consciousness.

True

American economic prosperity in the 1920's was driven by the automobile industry. Which of the statements describe the automobile industry in the 1920s?

- Automobile production tripled during the 1920s.

- The automobile industry stimulated the expansion of the oil, rubber, and steel industries.

American foreign policy in the 1920s continued to follow Wilson's internationalism tradition, and, as a result, the United States intervened overseas to address human rights violations and provide economic assistance to less-advanced nations.

False

Watch the author video featuring Eric Foner. How did the idea of free speech evolve between World War I and the 1920s?

- In the 1920s, the Supreme Court started overturning convictions of people for just expressing their point of view.

- During WWI, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) was formed in order to defend the right of dissent, but it wasn't until the 1920s that they were able to successfully mobilize in defense of civil liberties.

- During WWI, the Supreme Court oppressed free speech, but throughout the 1920s it reconsidered these rules and began to defend the Bill of Rights.

During the Great Migration of World War I, over a million black Americans moved from the rural South to northern urban centers. New York's Harlem gained a reputation as the "capital" of black America. Identify the statements that describe life in Harlem in the 1920s.

- A major cultural movement, the Harlem Renaissance, grew out of the area, in which authors and artists explored black culture.

- West Indian blacks made up a large portion of the Harlem population.

- Harlem was dominated by poverty, but it did contain a vibrant black cultural community.

Identify the propaganda tactics used by American Plan supporters to undermine the labor movement.

- Collective bargaining was declared "an infringement of personal liberty and a menace to the institutions of a free people."

- The campaign stated that unionism and socialism were linked in an evil plot by sinister foreigners on American life.

William Howard Taft was appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court in 1921. Identify the statements that describe the Supreme Court under Taft.

- In Adkins v. Children's Hospital the Taft Court overturned a minimum wage law.

- The Court struck down a federal law that barred goods produced by child labor from interstate commerce

Warren G. Harding took the office of the presidency in 1921, promising to return the country to "normalcy" after the era of Progressive reform and world war, but his administration quickly became one of the most corrupt in American history. Identify the controversial events and personal scandals that took place during his presidency.

- During Prohibition, Harding continued to drink alcohol.

- Harding's secretary of the Interior was convicted of a felony for accepting payments from businessmen to whom he leased government oil reserves.

- Harding continued an illicit affair with a young woman while president.

Identify the statements that describe Hoover's beliefs and actions during the crises of the Great Depression.

- Despite no improvement in the day-to-day lives of most people, Hoover put a positive spin on the conditions in the media.

- He believed that voluntary steps by business and charity would assist the people and nation through the crises.

- By 1932, Hoover admitted volunteerism was not working and created the Reconstruction Finance Corporation.

Identify the statements that describe the 1924 Johnson-Reed Act.

- The Border Patrol first came into existence with the passage of the 1924 Immigration Act.

- The term "illegal alien" came into use for the first time after the passage of the 1924 Immigration Act.

- There were no quota limits set on Mexicans because of the demand of farmers that relied on cheap labor.

Analyze the table below. (Insert table) What does this reveal about immigration in the United States in the 1920s?

- Russia: had the smallest quota for new immigrants in Southern and Eastern Europe

- Great Britain and Northern Ireland: had the largest quota for new immigrants

- Asia: Immigration from this region to the United States was not allowed

One of the most notable protests took place in the spring of 1932 as WORLD WAR I veterans marched from all over the country and converged on Washington, D.C., to demand a BONUS PAYMENT. The bonus was due these men in 1945, but economic circumstances led them to plead for an early payment. Over 20,000 men and their families formed a Hooverville on the Capitol Mall hoping to be heard. Instead of meeting their demands or listening to their concerns, Hoover called in the U.S. Army, under the command of GENERAL DOUGLAS MACARTHUR, who, by engaging MILITARY FORCE, scattered the men and their families.

. . .

Voter turnout declined as American citizens started to focus more on private issues, including leisure and the consumption of consumer goods, rather than public issues such as politics.

True

During the 1928 election, a Protestant backlash in the South due to anti-Catholicism led several southern states to vote Republican for the first time ever, helping to propel Hoover to the presidency.

True

The American Civil Liberties Union was heavily funded by the Republican Party and Wall Street businessmen in the hopes of promoting censorship of communist and socialist propaganda and activists.

False