What is a lean operating system that can be used to troubleshoot problems when Windows refuses to start?

Windows Recovery Environment (RE)

What are the registry settings and device drivers that were in effect when the computer was last logged into successfully called?

Last Known Good Configuration

What is a self-diagnostic program used to perform a simple test of the CPU, RAM, and various I/O devices?

POST (power-on self test)

For a GPT hard drive, the bootable partition used to boot the OS and containing the boot manager program for the OS is called the ___________.

EFI System Parition (ESP)

This is a small Windows database structured the same as a registry file and contains configuration information about how Windows is started.

Boot Configuration Data (BCD) store

To to restart a PC without turning off the power is called ___________.

soft boot

What is a command to manage hard drives, partitions, and volumes?

diskpart

In Windows 8/7/Vista, this is the program responsible for loading Windows.

Windows Boot Manager (BootMgr)

What restarts the computer by turning off the power or by pressing the Reset button?

cold boot

What is a Windows 7/Vista command that repairs the boot sector of the system partition?

fixboot

What diskpart command should be used to remove volume information from a selected disk?

clean

Where is the Windows system registry hive?

C:\Windows\System32\Config

If an OEM recovery partition is present, a system can be reset to its _________ state.

factory

Windows RE provides a graphical and command-line interface. (true or false)

true

A warm boot is also known as _________ boot.
A cold boot is also known as _________ boot.

soft
hard

Sara installed Windows 10 for the first time on her computer. During the installation process, she noticed that a new system partition called ESP partition was created. Sara cannot access this new partition to see what it contains. What can you tell Sara about the ESP partition?

It was created by GPT to store Windows boot and startup files.

Zach wants to install Windows 10 over his existing copy of Windows 10. He wants to keep his personal files, apps, and Windows settings. He currently has a USB drive with a Windows 10 ISO. What type of installation will you recommend for Zach?

Repair upgrade

What events can occur during BootMgr's role in startup? (Choose all that apply.)

the settings in the BCD are read
Dual-boot menu is displayed

Windows 10 automatically launches diagnostic and repair procedures after several restarts within a few minutes. (True or false)

true

A hard boot initializes the processor and clears ________.

memory

Which file in the boot process is responsible for loading the graphical user interface and starting the client/server runtime subsystem?

Smss.exe

You might want to perform a Windows 8 ___________ when you're about to give away a computer, recycle it, or totally want to start over.

reset

When working in Safe Mode with Command Prompt, use the __________ command to take ownership of a system file and the ________ command to get full access to the file.

takeown
icacls

Windows RE is normally stored on a ________ partition on the hard drive and is a ________ operating system that can be launched to solve Windows startup problems

hidden
lean

Registry files, if deleted, can be restored from those saved in what folder?

C:\Windows\System32\Config\RegBack

A Windows 7 system repair disc can be created using the Backup and Restore utility. (true or false)

true

What error messages are likely to appear if the BIOS/UEFI cannot find a Windows Boot Manager or cannot turn over operations to the boot manager? (Choose all that apply.)

Invalid partition table
Error loading operating system
Missing operating system

What command can be used to check for file system errors?

chkdsk /r

If you suspect corrupted system files are causing issues, what command can be run to search for and replace the corrupted files?

sfc /scannow

Match the appropriate Windows RE commands to their description.
bootrec

repair the BCD and boot sectors

Match the appropriate Windows RE commands to their description.
bcbedit

manually edit the BCD

Match the appropriate Windows RE commands to their description.
bootsect

repair a dual boot system

Match the appropriate Windows RE commands to their description.
wpeinit

enable networking

Match the appropriate Windows RE commands to their description.
chkdsk

repair a drive

Match the Advanced Boot Options menu option with its function.
Use this option to see what did and did not load during the boot process.

Enable Boot Logging

Match the Advanced Boot Options menu option with its function.
This tool moves system boot logs from the failing computer to another computer for evaluation.

Enable Debugging

Match the Advanced Boot Options menu option with its function.
This option allows you to launch programs to help solve Windows issues without third-party drivers and software loaded.

Enable Safe Mode

Match the Advanced Boot Options menu option with its function.
Use this option when the video settings don't allow you to see the screen well enough to fix a defective setting.

Enable Low-Resolution

Match the Advanced Boot Options menu option with its function.
Allows Windows to load without the graphical interface.

Enable Safe Mode with Command Prompt

What tool can you use to create a bootable flash drive in Windows 10?

Windows Media Creation tool

Why does a normal hard boot take longer than a normal soft boot?

The initial steps must be performed by the BIOS/UEFI

A Windows 10/8 recovery drive is a _____________ USB flash drive that can access Windows 10/8 repair tools. It is handy when you need to repair a computer that doesn't have an optical drive.

bootable

There is no option for networking access when using Safe Mode. (true/false)

false

When you Enable Boot Logging, all files used for the load are recorded in the ______________________ file.

ntbtlog.txt

Where can you go to look up a device driver's filename to determine what device uses the device driver?

Windows\System32\drivers folder

Which of the following text error messages can indicate that BIOS/UEFI could not find a hard drive? (Choose all that apply).

No boot device found
Hard drive not found

The kernel reads from the registry and builds into memory the registry key ______________________________________________ using information that has been collected about the hardware.

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\HARDWARE

As Windows 10 is loading, assuming it is enabled, what will happen when F8 is pressed?

Advanced Boot Options screen appears

What command can be used to scan for Windows installations not stored in the BCD?

bootrec /scanOS

Unless you're working with a custom refresh image, Windows 8 settings and desktop _____________ are lost during a refresh.

applications

Today you turned on your computer after being on vacation for a week. You see spinning white dots on a black screen. You decide that an update might be installing, so you allow the computer to work for approximately 20 minutes. After 20 minutes, you turn off your computer and then restart it, and it fails two more times. What tool should you use first to help repair your computer?

Use Safe Mode to boot.

What key will cause the Windows Boot Manager to appear as long as it is pressed during the Windows 7 startup process?

spacebar

What command can be used to totally wipe a hard drive clean, including the partitioning system?

diskpart

What is the file name given to the Windows kernel?

Ntoskrnl.exe

What are some of the responsibilities of the kernel during the startup process? (Choose all that apply.)

Activates the HAL
Starts the Session Manager
starts critical services

If your problem is caused by a bad hardware or software installation and you get an error message the first time you restart the system after the installation, using the Last Known Good Configuration can, in effect, undo your installation and solve your problem. (true/false)

true

What is responsible for getting a system up and going and finding an OS to load?

Startup BIOS/UEFI

What two programs are utilized when Windows resumes from hibernation, depending on the motherboard's BIOS/UEFI?

winresume.efi
winresume.exe

What Windows process is responsible for authenticating users?

Lsass.exe