The chemical backbone of DNA is

sugar phosphate

The structure of steroid is recognized by

four fused carbon rings

People with lactose intolerance do not have enough ________.

lactase

DNA nucleotides include ________.

hymine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine

What name is given to the following reaction?
glycerol + 3 fatty acids → triglyceride + 3 water molecules

dehydration

Proteins are polymers constructed from ________ monomers.

amino acid

A fat that is hydrogenated is ________.

more solid

Amino acids include a side group as well as ________.

a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, an amino group, and a carboxyl group

Animals store carbohydrates as ________.

glycogen

A glycerol with three fatty acids attached is referred to as a ________.

fat

Cellulose is an example of ________.

fiber

In the following equation, lactose is a ________.
galactose + glucose → lactose + water

disaccharide

Saturated fats are saturated with ________.

hydrogen

Functional groups on organic compounds

are directly involved in chemical reactions

Which of these is not a major polysaccharide

lipid

The following molecule is best described as a(n) ________.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2

organic compound

What name is given to the following reaction?
sucrose + water → glucose + fructose

hydrolysis

Which of the following is TRUE with regard to a DNA molecule?

The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine.

Nucleic acids are polymers of ________ monomers.

nucleotide

Which of the following is a health effect of a diet high in saturated fats?

increased risk of heart attack

Extremophilic bacteria are able to survive in hostile environments, including scalding hot water as well as springs and vents that reach temperatures over 100°C. Researchers studying these bacteria measured the function of a protein from an extremophile bacterium at 100°C, and they also measured the function of a similar protein from a human cell at 100°C. Which of the following results do you think the researchers obtained?

The bacterial protein functioned normally, whereas the human protein did not.

By definition, what type of fatty acid has double bonds?

unsaturated

A protein's function is most dependent on its ________.

shape

In the following reaction, galactose is a ________.
galactose + glucose → lactose + water

monomer

The ability to tolerate lactose throughout life most likely arose in ________.

cultures that keep dairy herds

A single carbon atom can form a maximum of ________ covalent bond(s)

4

Which element is added to make trans fats?

hydrogen

Select the term that differs from the other three.

glucose

________ is a hydroxyl group.

-OH

How does RNA differ from DNA?

RNA contains uracil; DNA contains thymine.

What name is given to the following reaction?
galactose + glucose → lactose + water

dehydration

A friend of yours appears to have put on a lot of muscle very quickly. At the same time, you notice that your friend seems to have a lot of mood swings and appears depressed. It is reasonable for you to suspect that your friend has begun to take ________.

an anabolic steroid

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

starch

Complete the equation:
monosaccharide + monosaccharide → ________ + water

disaccharide

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence AGTACTG, what will be the sequence of the other strand?

TCATGAC

A specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is a ________.

gene

________ is a steroid.

estrogen

Carbohydrates typically include ________.

C, H, and O atoms