Education

programs to educate citizens

Government and Education Polciy

government sponsors education because educated citizens:

can participate more fully in government

can contribute more to the economy

Education Policy is Determined by:

1 US Department of Education
2 State department of education
3 Local school board

1 US Department of Education Federal and National Level

it provides funding enforces antidiscrimation laws

2 State Deparment of Education State Level

distributes funding
creates standards for education

Local school board

operates public schools
determine policies for school district you are in

Levels of Education:

Higher education graduate and undergraduate schools

K-12 education high school, middle school, and elementary schools

The Department of Education's mission is to:

Strengthen the Federal commitment to assuring access to equal educational opportunity for every individual;
Supplement and complement the efforts of states . . . [and] local school systems . . . to improve the quality of education;
-United States Department of Education
Mission Statement
2013

Based on the quote, how does the Department of Education reach its goals?

It gives all responsibility for education to state and local leaders.
It works to support the efforts of state and local leaders.
It relies on other organizations to make new education policy.
It supervises individual districts and schools directly.

It works to support the efforts of state and local leaders.

Funding Issues

Several issues that Policy makers must decide how to fund edcuation

k-12 education

how to provide equal funding opportunities

whether to allow vouchers

Higher education

How fund the cost of tuition

How to fund higher-education research

vouchers

live in area required to go to school x but that voucher might let you go somewhere else with that

Also Questions about Quality of Education

Policy makers must decide how to create quality programs

k-12

whether to use standarized testing

whether to allow new forms of education like charter shcools

Higher education

How to ensure students are prepared for careers and jobs

How to make sure schools are providing valuable degrees

Social Security and Medicare

programs to protect elderly and disable citizens

Social Security is a program that provides economic security

First created during Great Depression

Helps retired and disabled citizens

President Franklin D. Roosevelt new deal program

How does Social Security work

1 payroll tax
2 investment
3 retirement
4 payout

1 payroll tax

workers pay a payroll tax from each paycheck

2 Investment

The government invest worker contributions

3 Retirement

a citixenvretires or becomes disabled

4 Payout

The citizen collects payments

Social Security Administration develops regulations to determine

who qualifies for benefits 65 or older

how much they should get paid

one small part of social security is called

Medicare

Medicare is an extension of Social security

provides medical assistance to senior citizens over 65

is administered and regulated by federal government

Problems with social security and Medicare main issue is funding

Percentage of Americans over age 65 is steadily increasing compared to 1950

Based on the graph, which issues are facing Social Security in the future? Check all that apply.

Social Security will require less funding.
Americans are growing older.
A lower percentage of citizens will be paying payroll taxes.
The population is decreasing over time.
Benefit payments will rise over time.

Americans are growing older.

A lower percentage of citizens will be paying payroll taxes.

Benefit payments will rise over time.

Social Security and Medicare SOLUTIONS

raising the retirement age citizens would have to wait longer until they can collect benefits

Increasing payroll taxes workers would have to pay more from each paycheck

Reducing benefit payments retireees would receive fewer benefits

Public assistance

Programs to support citizens in need

public assistance programs help citizens in need by:

providing
health care
income food
housing

President Lyndon B. Johnson
1930 new deal others were created when he was president great society goals

state and federal working together

federalism

state and federal agencies working together for those in needs

Public assistance programs are funded by

state governments and federal governments

three listed below:

Department of Health an Human Services

...

Department of Agriculture

...

Department of Housing and Urban Development

...

Medicaid is an assistance program that

provides healthcare funding for needy citizens qualitfy for with limited income

is funded and administered by the federal government and states

Federal policy determines who can riecve aid

...

Providing Assistance through SNAP

The supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program funds for food

Funded by the federal government

is based on need

works to help citizens gain the nutrition they need

Public Assistance Issues Solutions
policy makers must handle the increasing needs for

benefits and
increasing cost for benefits

Created stricter requirements for people receiving assistance

Focusing on helping citizens gain jobs

Providign more temporary help for the needy

Background information: Life expectancy is the number of years the average citizen is expected to live. These predictions were created by the US Census.

Life expectancies in the United States have gradually _____________ over time.

By 2020, the average American is expected to live for about _______________ years.

increased
79

Life Expectancy in the US 1960-2005
Based upon the data in this chart, which issue is most likely to be faced by policy makers?

dealing with a smaller number of retirees in the US
handling rising benefit costs for senior citizens receiving Social Security
paying for an unchanging number of retirees receiving benefits
covering benefit costs for a shrinking number of senior citizens

handling rising benefit costs for senior citizens receiving Social Security

There are more than 18 million Americans over the age of 65. Most of them have low incomes. Most of them are threatened by illness and medical expenses that they cannot afford.And through this new law . . . every citizen will be able . . . to insure himself against the ravages of illness in his old age.This insurance will help pay for care in hospitals, in skilled nursing homes, or in the home.

According to President Johnson, what was the purpose of Medicare?

to help Americans of all ages get health insurance
to help all Americans stay healthier when they are young
to help people save up for retirement medical expenses
to help senior citizens with low incomes to pay for medical care

to help senior citizens with low incomes to pay for medical care

Background information: GDP is the nation's gross domestic product, a measure of its total economic output. This graph was created by the Congressional Budget Office.

Government spending on Medicare and Medicaid increased by ___________ of GDP between 1965 and 2005.

The greatest increase in spending, by percentage, occurred between ______________

4 percent
1985 and 1995

Percentage of GDP Spent on Medicare and Medicaid
According to the graph, government spending on Medicare and Medicaid has:

fallen greatly.
fallen slightly.
remained constant.
risen greatly.

risen greatly.

Worker-to-Beneficiary Ratio 1960-2060
Background information: This graph shows the ratio of workers to benefit recipients. It was created by the Social Security Administration, and it predicts future numbers.

This graph shows that over time, the number of workers per beneficiary is _____________.

By 2060, the number of workers per beneficiary is projected to be _____________.

shrinking
2 percent

If the prediction in this graph comes true, what challenge will it pose to Social Security programs?

Less spending will be needed, and less funding will be received.
Less spending will be needed, and more funding will be received.
The amount of funding and spending will remain constant.
More spending will be needed, but less funding will be received.

More spending will be needed, but less funding will be received.