Social Security Act

guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

Civilian Conservation Corps

March 31, 1933; unemployment relief act; hired young men for reforestation programs, firefighting. flood control, spawn drainage, etc;

Frances Perkins

Roosevelt's secretary of labor (1993-1945); the first woman to serve as a federal Cabinet officer, she had a great influence on many New Deal programs, most significantly the Social Security Act.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another

Charles Evans Hughes

President Harding's Secretary of state who proposed that the scaled-down navies of America and Britian should enjoy parity in battleships and aircraft-carriers, with Japan on the small end of a 5:5:3 ratio.

Huey Long

Louisiana Senator who opposed FDR's New Deal and came up with a , "Share the Wealth" wants to give $5k to all families ,was later assassinated

Brain Trust

Group of expert policy advisors who worked with, and advised, FDR in the 1930s to end the Great Depression.

Dust Bowl

Region of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages.

John L. Lewis

He was a miner known for creating the United Mine Workers. He helped found the CIO and was responsible for the Fair Labor Standards Act.

Bonus Army

Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their goverment war bonuses in cash

Fordney-McCumber Tariff

Raised taxes on US imports to 40%. The tax protected US businesses from foreign competition; made it impossible for Britain and France to sell enough goods in the US to repay debts.

Alfred E. Smith

He was the Democratic presidential candidate in the 1928 election against Herbert Hoover. Former Governor of New York. He was the first Catholic to be elected as a candidate. He was against Prohibition.

Securities and Exchange Commission

agency created to protect the public from fraud on the stock market, this was designed as a watchdog agency

Wagner Act

Part of "Second" New Deal Programs that gave unions collective bargaining rights, closed shops permitted (where workers must join unions), outlawed anti-union tactics

Public Works Administration

Created for both industrial recovery and for unemployment relief. Headed by the Secretary of Interior Harold L. Ickes, it aimed at long-range recovery and spent $4 billion on thousands of projects that included public buildings, highways, and parkways.

National Recovery Act

1933, Sought to help business, raise prices, control production, and put people back to work. This act established the NRA, with the power to set fair competition codes in all industries

Charles R. Forbes

head of the Veterans Bureau, was caught stealing $200 million from the government, chiefly in connection with the building of veterans' hospitals.

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

an independant agency of the United States government. It granted over 2 billion dollars to the local and state governments. It was charted under the Herbert Hoover administration.

Works Progress Administration

1935- Began under Hoover and continued under Roosevelt but was headed by Harry L. Hopkins. Provided jobs and income to the unemployed by building public buildings, roads and projects including hiring artists to write, paint and perform

Congress of Industrial Organizations

Proposed by John Lewis, organized workers in industrial unions from 1935-55, merged with AFL, supported FDR and New Deal Coalition, it formed to encourage workers to organize in mass across an industry.

Washington Conference

included major naval powers in the world, agreeed to limit number and size of battle ships that nations could own, and limited construction of new battle ships

Hundred Days

period at the start of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency in 1933, when many New Deal programs were passed by Congress

John W. Davis

conservative candidate against calvin coolidge in 1924 campaign; wealthy corporation lawyer connected w/ Wall St banking house of JP Morgan & Co.

Alfred M. Landon

The governor of Kansas, chosen candidate for the Republicans in the campaign of 1936. A moderate who accepted some New Deal Reforms, but not the Social Security Act.

Glass-Steagall Act

established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) which insured individual deposits up to $5000, thereby eliminating the epidemic of bank failure and restoring faith to banks.

Tennessee Valley Authority

A New Deal agency created to generate electric power and control floods in a seven-U.S.-state region around the rivers. It created many dams that provided electricity as well as jobs.

Father Coughlin

Headed the National Union for Social Justice. Began as a religious radio broadcaster, but turned to politics and finance and attracted an audiance of millions from many faiths. Promoted inflationary currency, anti-sematism.

Agricultural Adjustment Act

restricted crop production to reduce crop surplus; goal was to reduce surplus to raise value of crops; farmers paid subsidies by federal government; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in US vs Butler

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

Congressional compromise serving special interest, it raised duties on agricultural and manufactured imports 20%. It may have contributed to the spread of the international depression.

Federal Housing Authority

Established by FDR during the depression in order to provide low-cost housing coupled with sanitary condition for the poor