Question: empiricism

Answer: the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

Question: structuralism

Answer: An early school of psychology promoted by Wundt and Titchener that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.

Question: functionalism

Answer: A school of psychology promoted by William James and influenced by Darwin that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

Question: experimental psychology

Answer: the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

Question: behaviorism

Answer: The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).

Question: humanistic psychology

Answer: historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth

Question: cognitive neuroscience

Answer: the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Question: psychology

Answer: The science of behavior and mental processes

Question: nature- nurture issue

Answer: the long standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience ake to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture

Question: natural selection

Answer: the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations