Question: Which brain region is the main integrating center for thermoregulation

Answer: Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus is the main homeostatic integration center for thermoregulation.

Question: Which of the following is NOT correctly matched in regards to BMR (basal metabolic rate)?

high body temperature (nonfever): higher BMR

low thyroxine: low BMR

younger age: lower BMR

increased stress: increased BMR

Answer: younger age: lower BMR

The younger a person is, the higher the BMR should be. As a person ages, the BMR declines.

Question: Which of the following is NOT an essential role of the liver?

protein metabolism

carbohydrate metabolism

biotransformation functions

urea disposal

Answer: Urea Disposal

Though the liver is involved in creating urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide, it is up to the kidney to eliminate the urea thus formed.

Question: Which hormone promotes protein catabolism?

cortisol

thyroid hormone

glucagon

insulin

Answer: cortisol

As one of the “stress” hormones, cortisol is involved in helping cope with turning to protein and fat breakdown in order to spare limited glucose available if one is injured and unable to eat (postabsorptive state).

Question: Which of the following is NOT catabolic?

glycolysis

lipogenesis

lipolysis

beta oxidation of fatty acids

Answer: Lipogenesis

Lipogenesis is the synthesis, or anabolic process, of building triglycerides.

Question: __________ is the conversion of acetyl CoA into ketone bodies.

Beta oxidation

Ketogenesis

Lipogenesis

Lipolysis

Answer: Ketogenesis

Ketogenesis is the conversion of acetyl CoA (fatty acid fragments, not whole fat) into ketone bodies whenever acetyl CoA cannot be oxidized. But a fat molecule must first be broken into fatty acids by another process.

Question: Which of the following pathways is INCORRECTLY matched with a description?

Gluconeogenesis: using glucose to build noncarbohydrate structures

anabolism: building larger molecules from smaller ones

citric acid cycle: aerobic pathway

glycolysis: anaerobic respiration

Answer: Gluconeogenesis: using glucose to build noncarbohydrate structures

Gluconeogenesis is the opposite of that statement; noncarbohydrate sources are used to build glucose.

Question: Which nutrient molecule CANNOT be used in the oxidative pathways?

glucose

fatty acids

cholesterol

protein

Answer: cholesterol

No cell uses cholesterol as a fuel that it oxidizes to create energy for itself. Oxidative pathways involve energy production.

Question: What is the primary function of cellular respiration?

to oxidize glucose

to produce proteins

to regenerate ATP

to metabolize nutrients

Answer: to regenerate ATP

Cellular respiration takes energy from our food nutrients and transfers that energy into a usable form of energy in ATP.

Question: Which nutrients function primarily as an energy source for cells?

vitamins

minerals

electrolytes

carbohydrates

Answer: carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are needed in relatively large amounts to supply glucose, the main energy source for body cells.