Question:

Answer: a rise in plasma osmolality

A major stimulus for the release of antidiuretic hormone is a rise in plasma osmolality. ADH results in increased water reabsorption.

Question:

Answer: hydrogen

Acidosis refers to high H+ concentration.

Question:

Answer: potassium

While sodium is abundant in the interstitial fluid, the sodium-potassium pump keeps intracellular sodium levels relatively low.

Question:

Answer: slightly alkaline

Normal arterial blood pH is 7.4, which is slightly alkaline.

Question:

Answer: enhances release of calcium from bone

PTH activates osteoclasts, which break down the bone matrix, releasing calcium.

Question:

Answer: hyponatremia

Hypo- means low, and natrium is Latin for sodium.

Question:

Answer: intracellular fluid

The largest percentage of body water is located in the intracellular fluid.

Question:

Answer: urine

Urine accounts for roughly 60% of the body’s water loss.

Question:

Answer: sodium

The most prevalent electrolyte in the extracellular fluid is sodium.

Question:

Answer: kidney

The only organ of the body that can remove excess nonvolatile fixed acids is the kidney. Fixed acids are also called metabolic acids.