Question: 1B) Based on the experimental results, estimate the optimal pH of the enzyme. Explain your

estimate by connecting the experimental results to the structure and function of proteins.

(3 points maximum)

Answer: (1) 8

(2) Highest absorbance amount while others didn’t

(3)denatures the enzyme and reduces its activity alters the structure of the enzyme’s active site and reduces its

Question: 1C)Propose an appropriate control treatment for the experiment, and describe how the control

treatment would increase the validity of the results. (2 points maximum)

Answer: Reaction with enzyme- proves enzyme is needed

Reaction with Denatured enzyme- proves it must be active

Question: 1D) Genetic engineering can be used to disrupt specific genes in the genome of an organism.

Predict how the browning of apple slices would be affected in a strain of apples that was

genetically engineered to lack functional copies of the gene encoding polyphenol oxidase.

Justify your response. (2 point)

Answer: Fruit will not brown- Browning requires a functional enzyme.

Question: 2A)Based on a pedigree of a family in which one parent in the first generation has Loeys-Dietz

syndrome (type 2B), a researcher claims that the disorder is an autosomal dominant condition.

Describe TWO characteristics of the pedigree that would support the researcher’s claim.

(2 points maximum)

Answer: Autosomal-Inherited equally by males and females

Dominant- If the trait is not observed in one generation it

will not be observed in subsequent

generations.

There are no unaffected carriers of the allele

Question: 2B) Calculate the minimum number of nucleotides required in the coding region of the LDS2B mRNA

molecule to produce and terminate the 565-amino acid polypeptide. Provide TWO reasons that

the number of nucleotides in the mature mRNA may differ from the number of base pairs in the

gene. (4 points maximum)

Answer: