Question: Enlightenment

Answer: An intellectual and ideological movement centered in 18th century Europe that rejected traditional ways of thinking in favor of the application of logic and reason.

Question: Age of isms

Answer: Another name for the Enlightenment, during which new ideas like socialism, liberalism, conservativism, feminism, etc. developed.

Question: What were the main aims of revolutions that resulted from the combination of new ideas and old political structures?

Answer: Independence from imperial powers and constitutional representation.

Question: Nationalism

Answer: A feeling of intense loyalty to others who share one’s language and culture.

Question: Empiricism

Answer: The belief that knowledge comes from sensed experience and scientific inquiry rather than traditional or religious principles.