CBRN Defense Awareness V2.0 Complete Questions and Answers

This article will provide you with all the questions and answers for CBRN Defense Awareness V2.0

In which mopp level would you wear the cpo protective mask, gloves, overboots, field gear, and personal body armor

- MOPP Level 4

Which term provides guidance by indicating safe distances to avoid exposure due to chemical vapor hazards from contaminated resources?

- CCOR

Clear access routes into and out of chemical zones used to avoid contamination are called?

-  zone transition points

When should you replace your cpo if it becomes wet through the inner lining with any of these materials such as petroleum, oil, hydraulic fluid, body fluids, (urine and feces), and many common insect repellents?

- replace as soon as your mission allows

As part of your GCE you will be issued protective foot covers. The footwear covers are designed to ____.

-Protect your feet and ankles from contamination

What can blister agents do to rubber gloves?

-reduce the protection time provided by the gloves.

Which one is used to decontaminate your equipment?

-M295 kit

Which one has the ability to destroy entire cities and impair electronic communication systems?

-Nuclear weapon detonations

Which one describes the standard hazard markings for biological hazards?

-right isosceles triangle with a blue background and red lettering.

 What should you do when issued your CPO?

- Leave items in the factory bag.

What should you do if an attack begins without warning?

- Drop to the ground, don protective mask (if not donned already) and clench buttocks tightly

Which one is an example of active use of M8 paper?

- Dipping a sheet of m8 paper into the liquid

When you are ready to wear your CPO, where should you mark or place your personal identification?

- on the CPO coat and hood

How should you remove your GCE if it is contaminated?

- go to a contamination control area to remove the GCE

What alarm condition indicates the attach is over and cbrn contamination, uxo, and other hazards are suspected or present?

- Alarm Black

If you become contaminated with chemical agents, decontaminate by processing through the CCA within ___ of contact?

- 24 hours

CCOR guidelines are designed to help you avoid chemical agent vapor hazards from chemically contaminated resources?

- True

GCE protective gloves consist of two pieces, the outer rubber gloves and ____?

- inner glove liners
 

Which one has adhesive coating that is protected by a strip of brown, waxed paper?

- m9 paper
 

M8 and m9 paper emit toxic fumes when burned?

-true

How long should it take for you to don your protective mask and ensure the seal is airtight?

-9 seconds

How should you remove our GCE if it is contaminated?

-Go to a contamination control area to remove the GCE

Although the m50 mask is not effective in confined spaces, in cbrn enviroments, the mask will protect your ____?

- face, eyes, and respiratory tract from chemical and biological warfare agents and radioactive dust particles

Which hone has the ability to destroy entire cities and impair electronic communication systems?

- nuclear weapon detonations

The waterproofing bag in the m50 mask carrier is a resealable plastic bag that is used for which purpose?

- to protect the mask from moisture and wet conditions

How long during alarm red should you remain in your current position and under cover?

- Until directed otherwise

When donning the protective mask, expel the air from your lings before performing which step action?

- Perform negative pressure check

In doffing the M50 mask, which step is performed first?

- Remove headgear

In donning your cpo hood, which step comes first?

- pull the hood over the mask

Who decides to implement split MOPP?

- Installation Commander

Which type of device includes any point source that emits radiation without actively dispensing radioactive material across an area?

- RED

During the decontamination process, in a CCA you will____ your contaminated equipment.

- remove

Which type of nuclear burst occurs above 100,000 feet surface level?

- High Altitude

The chemical protective coat and trousers when worn together are call the ____

- CPO

Which type of chemical agent, when released can cause casualties for more than 24 hours to several days or weeks?

- Persistent

U.S. policy bans research, development, production, stockpiling, and acquiring of biological agents or toxins for hostile purposes.

- True

Preparedness actions to counter CBRN attacks at your installation are dependent upon the____

- threat probabilities

Which type of report is submitted by the observer upon encountering enemy activity, to higher headquarters, through the most secure means?

-SALUTE

Used decontamination kits (skin and equipment kits) are considered contaminated waste.

- True

What can be done to make M9 paper easy to remove?

- Make a pull tab on the end

The M50 mask carrier is worn on the left side of the body

- True

Which of the following are pathogens

- All of the above

Which one is a priority for immediate decontamination from CBRN contamination?

- Exposed skin

What should you do if your GCE rubber boots become contaminated with gasoline, oil, grease or cleaning fluids?

- Wipe off the boots and air-dry within two minutes to prevent deterioration.

Which one is used to detect and identify the presence of liquid chemical agents?

- M8 paper

When should you remove your CPO after it becomes contaminated?

- Within 24 hours of contamination

Which alarm condition indicates an attack by air or missile is imminent or in progress?

- Alarm red

What should you do upon issue of your protective mask?

- clean and inspect your protective mask IAW with the M60 mask T.O. and as directed

Why are vital resources, equipment, and assets covered or stored under cover prior to a CBRN attack?

- To protect them against CBRN contamination

The CBRN attack actions include preparedness, recover, and ____

- Response

The best ways to protect against the effects of exposure to _____ are by the time, distance, and shielding

- Radiation

The M50 mask has components that allow you to do which of the following while wearing the mask?

- Communicate and consume liquids

What should you do if the M8 paper indicates positive results?

- Treat it as contaminated and report the results

Which method may be used to deliver biological warfare agents?

- Insect vectors

Attach M9 paper to your protective clothing near the wrists, ankles, and ____

- Both biceps

Which one shields your face, eyes, and respiratory tract from chemical and biological warfare agents and radioactive dust particles?

- Protective mask

The wavering tone warning signal alerts the base of

- air attacks

Which one is used to make the identification label for your CPO

- M9 paper or olive drab tape

Each M295 kit consists of a wallet containing four individual decon packets.  What does each packet contain?

- A decon miss filled with decon powder

Which type of nuclear burst occurs under 100,000 feet but the fireball doesn’t contact the earth’s surface?

- Air Burst

The GCE consists of the protective gloves footwear covers m8 and m9 chemical detection paper the m295 decontamination and the____

- CPO

Which part of the GCE is normally donned first?

- CPO trousers

The CBRN hazard marker for a chemical hazard is a ____

- Right isosceles triangle with a yellow background and red lettering

Short-term storage for the protective mask is when it is stowed for less than 30 days with the head harness pulled back and the straps tucked inside of the mask

- False

Protective actions such as obtaining immunizations and taking preventative medications as well as maintaining a fit and healthy lifestyle are individual protective actions generally for which type of hazard?

- Biological

Which methods are used to deliver chemical warfare agents?

- Theater Ballistic Missiles (TBM)

Which alarm condition indicates the attack is over and CBRN contamination, UXO, and other hazards are suspected or present?

- Alarm Black

A tactic used to divide an installation or operating location into two or more CBRN zones is called____

- Split MOPP

Question: Which one is olive drab and chemically treated to change color when it comes in contact with liquid nerve or blister agents?
Answer: M9 paper

Question: Which M50 mask accessory should be used if storing the mask for more than 30 days?
Answer: Faceform

Question: The M50 mask is not an authorized respiration device for use during industrial chemical spills and may not provide protection.
Answer: True

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CBRN Awareness

DOT Classes

Explosives
Gases
Flammable liquids
Flammabke solids
Oxides and organic peroxides
Toxins
Radioactive
Corrossives

Class 1

Explosives

Divisions of class 1

1. Mass explosive
2. Projection hazard
3. Fire hazard
4. Minor blast
5. Very insensitive
6. Extremely insensitive

Class 2

1. Flammable gas
2. Non flammable non poisonous gas
3. Poisonous gas

Class 3

Flammable liquids

Class 4

1. Flammable solids
2. Spontaneously combustable
3. Dangerous when wet

Class 5

1. Oxidizer - supports combustion
2. Organic peroxide !!!7 types!!! - unstable and reactive

Class 6

1. Poisonous other than gas - arsenic, tear gas
2. Infectious - anthrax, rabies, hepatitis

Class 7

Radioactive

Class 8

Corrosives

Class 9

Miscellaneous
Discomfort to a flight crew
Other regulated material - small ammo, nail polish

Awareness level personnel should be able to

Recognize
Protect
Call
Secure

7 indications of HAZMAT

Occupancy type, location, pre incident survey
Container shape
Placards and markings
Other markings and color
Written sources
Senses
Monitoring and detection devices

Pressure container

Rounded ends
Bolted manways
Pressure relief devices
Protective housings

Cryogenic containers

Refrigerated gas
Below -130 F

Low pressure containers

Oval or horseshoe shape
Flat or less round ends
Fittings on top
Spillway

Pipeline details

Owner
Number
Product

Radioactive material containers

Excepted
Industrial - low
Type A
Type B - higher. Big dumbbell
Type C - most dangerous. Rarely used.

Orange stop sign

Class 1 division 1
Detonation hazard

Orange X

Class 1 div 2
Fragmentation hazard

Orange triangle

Class 1 div 3
Mass fire hazard

Orange diamond

Class 1 div 4
Moderate fire hazard

Yellow man in suit

Harassing agent

White man in suit

White phosphorous

Red man in suit

Highly toxic

NFPA 704 Red Diamond

flammability

NFPA 704 blue

Health 0-4 Minimal,Slight,Moderate, Serious, Severe

NFPA 704 White Diamond

Special hazards
W - reacts with water
Ox - oxidizer

NFPA 704 Yellow Diamond

reactivity

ERG yellow pages

ID by UN/NA #

ERG white section

General info

ERG blue pages

ID product by name

ERG Orange Section

Lists response guidelines related to Potential Hazards, Public Safety, and Emergency Response.

ERG green pages

Initial isolation
Water reactive materials

Non pressure tank car

60-100 psi
4-45,000 gal
Also known as low pressure

Pressure tank car

100-600 psi
4-45,000 gal
Single man way on top
Protective housing for gauges

Cryogenic tank car

25 psi or lower
-130 F
White
Tank within a tank

IM-101

25.4-100 psi
Not more than 6,300 gal

IM-102

14.5-25.4 psi
Whiskey and wine

Pressure intermodal tank

5,500 gal
100-500 psi
Pressure plates
Round ends
Pill

Cryogenic intermodal

IMO Type 7
25 or less psi
-130

Tube modules

3,000-5,000 psi
Bunch of tubes together

Dry bulk cargo tanks

No more than 80 psi
Hopper trailer
V shaped

Non pressure liquid cargo tank

406
Greater than 3 no more than 5 psi
10,000 gal
Spill rail entire length
Oval
Outlets on bottom

Low pressure cargo tank

407
2,000-7,000 gal
18 psi
Flammable combustable liquids
Horseshoe shape
Ribs

Corrosive cargo tank

412
5,000-6,000 gal
35-50 psi
Black tar on it for spills

High pressure cargo tank

331 pills are fun
2,500-11,500 gal
100-500 psi
Round ends
Pill shape

Compressed gas tube trailer

3,000-5000 psi

Cryogenic cargo tank

338 refrigerate
5,000-14,000 gal
23.5-500 psi
Tank within tank
Dished ends
Control panel with doors
White

Cone roof tank

0-0.5 psig
Sloped roof
Weak seems

Floating roof w geodesic dome

50,000-1,000,000 gals
0-0.5 psig
Flam and comb liq
Non press

Floating roof w open floating roof

50,000-1,000,000 gals
0-0.5 psig
Ladder on roof
Roof floats
Non press

Lifter roof tank

0-0.5 psig
Covered floating roof
Vents at top
Non press

Vapor dome tank

8,500 gal
0-0.5 psig
Molasses and fertilizers
Titty roof
Non pressure

Horizontal tank

Non pressure
300-20,000 gal
Bull fuel storage

Noded Spheroid

0.5-15 psig
2&3
LPG, methane, light gases
Pressure

Spheroid

3,000,000 gals
0.5-15 psig
2&3
LPG METHANE
Pressure

Sphere

600,000 gals
0.5-15 psig
2
Flam and non flam
Pressure

Pressure vessel

500-40,000 gals
15 psig
2
Flam and non flam gas

Cryogenic large container

500-20,000 gals
Varying pressure over 300 psi
2.2

Bags

Up to 100 lbs
Can carry anything really

Carboy

No more than 20 lbs
6&8
Acids
Glass or plastic in a protective cover

Cylinders

No more than 1000lbs of water
1-2,000 lbs
Oxygen cylinders

Drums

55 gals typically
Open or closed head
3,4,5,6,8&9

Dewar flask

Cryo liquids
Vacuum
Yeti

Cryogenic cylinder

Capacity Varys
Look like a keg

Flexible container

Super sack
Bull bags
500-5,000 lbs
Large woven fabric bag with fill and discharge ports

Rigid container

300-500 gal
Plastic tank with metal supports

Ton container

One ton/2,000lbs of chlorine
500-2,000 psi
3x8'

Fusible plugs

158-165

Y cylinder

Ton container
150-500 psi

Rad storage methods

Excepted
Industrial
Type A
B
C

EPA Number

Manufacturer
Product
Sub registration number

Types of stresses

Thermal
mechanical
Chemical

Types of breaches

disintegration
run-away cracking
closures opening up
punctures
splits/tears

Types of releases

Detonation
Violent rupture
Rapid relief
Spills and leaks

Taco Bell

Dispersion patterns

Hemisphere
Plume
Cone
Cloud
Stream
Pool
Irregular

Hemisphere

Stays on the ground

Cloud

Rises straight up off ground

Plume

Wind or topography influence it

Cone

Triangle shape with wider down range

Irregular

No definitive shape
Someone walked through it

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CBRN Hazardous Materials Awareness Training

CWA

Clean Water Act

RCRA

Response Conservation and Recovery Act
Hazardous Waste

CERCLA

Comprehensive Environmental response, Compensation and Liability Act of !980
Superfund

SARA

Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
right-to-know

OSHA

Ocupational Health and Safety Act
1970
safety officer

NFPA 472

Responders

NFPA 473

EMS

AWARENESS LEVEL PERSONNEL SHALL BE TRAINED TO MEET ALL COMPETENCIES OF NFPA 472 CHAPTER 4

Department of Transportion (DOT), Enivornmental Protection Agency(EPA), and Occupational Health and Safety Act(OSHA)

ERG

Emergeny Response Guidebook

Hazardous Materials

People, the Enivornment, and Property
9 hazard classes

Hazardous Substances

above a certain amount

Extremely Hazardous Substances

released above the thressholdreporting quantity

Toxic Chemicals

must be reported annually by owners and operators of certain facilities that manufacture, process, or otherwise use a listed toxic chemical

Hazardous Waste

RCRA

Hazardous Chemicals

risk to employees if they were exposed in the workplace

Dangerous Goods

Canada/United Nations

Highly Hazardous Chemicals

possess toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive properties

WMD

Weapons of Mass Destruction
destructive device
any weapon

Class 1

Explosives

Class 1 Division 1

Mass Explosion Hazard

Class 1 Division 1 EX:

Dynamite

Class 1 Division 2

Projection Hazard

Class 1 Division 2 EX:

Detonation cord

Class 1 Division 3

Fire hazard

Class 1 Division 3 EX:

liquid-fueled rocket motors

Class 1 Division 4

Minor explostion Hazard

Class 1 Division 4 EX:

range is excepted
practice ammunition

Class 1 Division 5

Very Insensitive

Class 1 Division 5 EX:

Prilled ammonium nitrate devices

Class 1 Division 6

Extremely Insensitive

Class 1 Division 6 EX:

Squib

Class 2

Gases

BLEVE

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion

Class 2 Division 1

Flammable gas

Class 2 Division 1 EX:

Propane

Class2 Division 2

Nonflammable

Class 2 Division 2 EX

crygenic gas

Class 3 Division 3

Poisonous Gases

Class 3 Division 3 EX:

Chlorine

Class 3

Flammable and Combustible

Flammable liquid

not more than 140 degresses F

Combustible Liquid

above 140 degresses F

Class 4

Flammable and Combustible Solids

Class 4 Dividion 1

Flammable Solids

Class 4 Division 1 EX:

Magnesium

Class 4 Division 2

Spontaneously Combustible Material

Class 4 Division 2 EX:

Pyrophic Materials within five minutes
BBQ(charcoal)

Class 4 Division 3

Dangerous when wet

Class 4 Division 3 EX:

MRE(Magnesium powder)

Class 5

Oxidizers

Class 5 Division 1

Oxidizer

Class 5 Division 1 EX:

ammonium nitrate

Class 5 Division 2

Organic Peroxide

Class 5 Division 2 EX:

organic compound
organic radicals

Type A

forbidden

Type B

can

Type C

cannot

Type D

confinement

Class 6

Poison

Class 6 Division 1

Poisonous Materials

Class 6 Division 1 EX:

venom
tear gas

Class 6 Division 2

Infectious Substance

Class 6 Division 6 EX:

Ebola
Anthrax

Class 7

Radiactive

Class 8

Corrosive

Class 8 EX:

Sulfric acid

Class 9

Miscellaneous

Class 9 EX:

Molten sulfur

ORM-D

Other Regulated Materials

ORM-D EX:

Form, Quantity, and Packaging
Nail Polish

Pre-Incident Plans

seek assistance from the facility manager

Radioactive Containers

protective overpacks or casks

RC Type A

Wooden boxexs or Steel drums

RC Type B

30ft drop and thremal immersion tests
Casks

Pressurized Products

Cylinders

High Pressure Cargo Tanks

331
typically white and filled with propane

Pressure Rail Car

has a single protective housing and transports liquefied gas

High Pressure Tube Trailer

Stainless steeel cylinders, permanently mountedon a semi-trailer
holds compressed gas

Tube Module

Permanently mounted inside an open frame(box-like)

Cryogenic Containers

tank-within-a-tank

Cryogenic Liquid Cargo Tank

338
Fitting is located on the rear of tank

Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car

Fitting is located on the middle side of the tank

Corrosive Materials

small quantities are carried in carboys

Carboys

glass or plastic

Carboys protective boxes

wooden or polystyrene(styrofoam)

Corrosive Liquid Cargo Tank

412/312
like a rib cage on the side
has overturn protection

Flammable Liquids

drums and jerricans
5 gallons- 55 gallons

Non-Pressure Liquid Cargo Tank

406/306
multiply compartments and has more than one fitting

Non-Pressure Cars

More than 1 non-pressure
more than 1 visible fitting

Dru Bulk Cargo Tank

V shape
flat or rounded sides
flat or angular ends

WMD Class 1 Division 1

Mass Dentotation Hazard

WMD Class1 Division 2

Fragmentation Hazard

WMD Class 1 Division 3

Mass Fire Hazard

WMD Class 1 Division 4

Moderate Fire Hazard

Special Warnings "RED"

Highly Toxic

Special Warnings "YELLOW"

Harassing Agents

Special Warnings "WHITE"

White Phosphorous Munitions

Military Marking system

Apply no water

Military Marking System

Wear Protective Breathing Apparatus

Pipeline Markers

Product, Ownership, and Emerency telephone number

Container Marking

Actual name material stenciled on the container

NFPA 704 System

it does not provide you with the name of the material

SDS

Safety Data Sheet

SDS Sections

16 Sections

Physical and Chemical properties

Section 9

Shipping Paper

Proper Shipping Name, Hazard Class and Division, Product Identification Number, UN/NA Identification Number, Standard Transport Comonidy Code(STCC), CAS(Chemical Abstract Service) Number, Packing groups

CAS

Chemicals "social security number"

Shipping Papers/Person Responisble

Highway, Rail, Water, Air

Highway

Bill of Lading
Driver
Cab of vehicle

Rail

Way bill
Conductor/Engineer

Water

Dangerous Cargo Manifest
Captain
Wheelhouse

Air

Air bill
Pilot
Cockpit

Clues and Limitations of Identofying Hazardous Materials/WMD using the Senses

Sight, Sound, Order

Serious Limitations

Close enough to smell- Risk of injury/death
Close enough to see- Risk of injury
Touching- My cause injury
Taste- Not recommended

Targets and indicators of criminal or terrorist activities

Public assembly, Public buildings, mass transit systems, places with high economic impact, military instatutions, airports, industral facilities

Chemical Agent Attack

Minutes to hours

Biological indicators

days to weeks
colorless and ordorless

Evacuation

normally the best option if time is available
remove threatened people from the danger area

In-place Protection

remain inside away from doors and windows and shutting down air system

TEAMCPRP

Thermal, Etiologic, Asphyxiation, Mechanical, Corrosive, Poisonous, Radiation, Psychological Harm

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Section 113 CBRN Defense Fundamentals

What does the Biological Contamination marker look like?

Blue background with red lettering.

BIO.

What is the M-40 field protective mask?

Is designed to protect the wearer from field concentrations of chemical and biological agents.

What does the M-40 Mask consist of?

Face blank,

Filter canister,

Dual voice assemblies,

Inlet and outlet valves,

Water drinking system.

What does the Radiological Contamination marker look like?

White background with black lettering.

ATOM.

What does the Chemical Minefield Contamination marker look like?

Red background with yellow lettering and a stripe.

GAS MINES.

What is the vocal alarm for a CBRN attack?

Gas-Gas-Gas!!!

What is the visual alarm for a CBRN attack?

Bend your arms behind your head.

What is the percussion alarm for a CBRN attack?

Metal on metal.

What is the first step in donning and clearing a gas mask?

Stop breathing and close mouth and eyes.

Do not take one last breath.

What is the second step in donning and clearing a gas mask?

Place the rifle between your legs.

Remove head gear and place it on the weapon.

Remove glasses if you are wearing them.

What is the third step in donning and clearing a gas mask?

Remove the mask from its carrier.

What is the fourth step in donning and clearing a gas mask?

Allow the hood to hang down in front of the mask.

What is the fifth step in donning and clearing a gas mask?

Put your chin in the chin pocket of the face piece.

What is the sixth step in donning and clearing a gas mask?

Clear the field protective mask by covering the outlet valve with the palm of one hand.

How do you clear a gas mask?

Cover the outlet valve, with the palm of one hand,

Exhale sharply so the air escapes around the edges of the face piece,

Cover the air inlet port of the canister with the palm of your free hand, and then breathe in,

The face piece should collapse against your face and remain there while holding your breathe.

If the face piece collapses consider it what?

Consider it airtight.

If the face piece does not collapse?

Check for hair, clothing, or other interference between the face piece and your face,

Repeat steps to clear the mask until there is an airtight seal.

What is the seventh step in donning and clearing a gas mask?

Pull the head harness over your head.

What is the eighth step in donning and clearing your gas mask?

Hold the face mask with one hand and tighten the straps with the other.

How long should it take to don, clear and seal a gas mask?

9 seconds.

What does MOPP stand for?

Mission Oriented Protective Posture.

What led to the concept of MOPP?

The need to balance protection with the threat, temperature, and urgency of the mission led to the concept of MOPP.

How many levels of MOPP are there?

6 levels.

Who can raise or lower MOPP levels?

Commanders.

Commanders also have a mask only option.

Protection increases with each level of MOPP, but what decreases?

Efficiency,

The MOPP gear that doesn't cause mission degradation is put on first.

The MOPP gear that effects mission degradation is put on when?

Last.

What is "MOPP Ready?"

When a Marine carries his or her protective mask.

What is MOPP level 0?

Is the condition that exists when a Marine has all of their MOPP gear available but not wearing it.

What is MOPP level 1?

Overgarment is worn, open or closed.

What is MOPP level 2?

Overgarment is worn, open or closed,

Booties worn.

What is MOPP level 3?

Overgarment is worn, open or closed,

Booties worn,

Mask worn, open or closed.

What is MOPP level 4?

Overgarment is worn,

Booties worn,

Mask worn,

Gloves worn.

What is the M8 and M9 detector paper used for?

Detecting contamination.

How long does it take for M8 and M9 paper to detect contaminates?

Seconds, where the M256A1 will take 15 minutes.

What is the disadvantages of the M8 and M9 paper?

Inability to test for vapor hazards and the limited number of agents detected.

How many rolls of M9 paper is issued out?

1 roll per squad or gun team.

Where is the M9 paper worn?

Ankles,

Wrists,

Biceps,

On the exterior of protective clothing.

What is the purpose of M9 paper?

To detect the presence of chemical agents, but will not identify the agent.

How do you use M9 paper?

Blot,

Do not rub on suspected liquid.

Visible droplets.

What color does the M9 change into?

If it comes in contact with contamination,

Light pink,

To

Reddish Brown,

Or

Violet tint.

What is the M8 issued with?

Field protective mask and the M256A1 kit, as an SL-3 component.

What is the purpose of the M8?

Primarily on suspected liquid forms such as:

Puddles,

Small drops,

Barely visible droplets.

How do you use the M8 paper?

Use half sheet, as it is perforated,

Expose paper to liquids.

After dabbing liquid with the M8 paper, what should you be mindful of?

Holding it down, so the liquid contaminations don't get on your glove.

What agent is the color yellow/gold on the M8 paper?

G series,

Nerve.

What agent is the color dark green on the M8 paper?

V series,

Nerve.

What agent is the color pink/red on the M8 paper?

H series,

Blister.

What is something to note with the color of the M8 paper?

Some G agents give a red-brown color typical between H and G colors.

What is something that needs to be done with the M8 paper after having a positive finding?

Testing to confirm results,

Some decontaminates may produce a false positive.

What should you never assume with an area?

That it is uncontaminated.

With an area, when in doubt what should you use?

Retest with an M256A1 kit and report the findings.

How many levels of decontamination are there?

3.

What are the three levels of decontamination?

Immediate Decon,

Operational Decon,

Thorough Decon.

What is Immediate Decon?

Minimizes casualties,

Saves lives,

And limits the spread of contamination.

What is Operational Decon?

Sustains operations,

Reduces the contact hazard,

And limits the spread of contamination to eliminate the necessity or reduce the duration of wearing MOPP gear.

What is Thorough Decon?

Reduces or eliminates the need for individual protective clothing.

What is the best start time for skin decon?

Before 1 minute.

Done by individual.

Stops agent from penetrating.

What is the best start time for personnel wipe down?

Within 15 minutes,

Done by individual or crew,

Stops agents from penetrating.

What is the best start time for an operator spray down?

Within 15 minutes,

Done by individual or crew,

Stops agent from penetrating.

What is the best start time for MOPP gear exchange?

Within 6 hours,

Done by the unit,

Possible Temp relief from MOPP 4,

Limit liquid agent spread.

What is the best start time for the vehicle wash down?

Within 6 hours,

Done by battalion crew or decon PLT,

Possible Temp relief from MOPP 4,

Limit liquid agent spread.

What is the best start time for a Detailed Equipment/Aircraft Decon?

When mission allows reconstitution,

Done by decon platoon,

Probable long term MOPP reduction with minimum risk.

What is the best start time for a detail troop decon?

When mission allows reconstitution,

Done by unit,

Probable long term MOPP reduction with minimum risk.

The techniques with decon become less effective with what?

The longer they are delayed.

With decon, performance degradation and risk assessment need to be considered when exceeding what time period?

6 hours.

Vehicle wash down is most effective within what time period?

1 hour, but could be delayed for logistical reasons.

How do you take immediate action for a nuclear attack without warning?

Upon seeing a brilliant flash of light, an exceptionally loud explosion, or when an alarm is sounded, immediate action must be taken.

Never hesitate in taking immediate action.

How do you react to a nuclear explosion without a weapon?

Immediately drop face down, with head towards blast if possible.

If cover is available, use it.

How do you react to a nuclear explosion with a weapon?

Immediately drop face down, with head towards blast if possible.

If cover is available, use it.

Put the weapon under you, facing downwards.

How long do you wait for debris to stop falling in a nuclear explosion?

90 seconds.

How long should it take to react to a gas attack?

15 seconds or less.

What is a nerve agent?

Produce their effect by interfering with normal transmission of nerve impulses in the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system.

What are the signs and symptoms of a nerve agent?

Pupils will constrict,

Muscles will twitch,

Nasal discharge,

Dyspnea,

Diarrhea,

Vomiting,

Convulsions,

Hyper salivation,

Drowsiness,

Coma,

Unconciousness.

What is the treatment for a nerve agent?

Atropine,

An acetylcholine blocker.

What is the dosage of the atropine auto injector?

600 mg.

What is the self aid for a nerve agent?

Hold breathe and put on mask.

Use the atropine auto injector.

Use the 2-Pam CI injector.

How long do you hold the atropine auto ejector into your thigh or buttocks?

10 seconds.

How long do you wait before getting a second dose of the 2-PAM CI?

10 to 15 minutes as it takes that long for the dose to work.

How many doses of the 2-PAM CI can you give or get?

3 total doses.

What is buddy aid with a nerve agent?

Mark casualty,

Administer in rapid succession 3 sets of the nerve-agent antidotes,

Use casualties own auto injectors,

Do not use your own.

What are blister agents?

Blister agents or vesicants, exert their primary action on the skin, producing large and painful blisters that are incapacitating.

Although vesicants are classified as non-lethal, high doses can cause what?

Death.

What are the common blister agents?

Mustard,

Nitrogen mustard,

Lewisite.

What is "HD?"

Mustard.

What is "HN?"

Nitrogen Mustard.

What is "L?"

Lewisite.

What is a Mustard agent?

HD and HN are:

Oily,

Colorless or pale yellow liquids,

Sparingly soluble in water.

What is the difference between HN and HD?

HN is less volatile and more persistent than HD but has the same blistering qualities.

What is the most sensitive part of the body to Mustard gas?

The eyes.

Usually the first sign of mustard gas attack is pain in the eyes, accompanied by spastic blinking and photophobia.

Where is Mustard gas most effective?

Warm sweaty parts of the body,

Armpits and groin.

What is the set time for blistering agents?

Begins in 12 hours,

but can be delayed up to 48 hours.

What is the primary cause of death for blistering agents?

Massive edema,

or

Mechanical pulmonary obstruction.

What is the treatment for mustard gas?

No antidote.,

Physically removing as much of the mustard as possible, as soon as possible.

What is Lewisite?

Lewisite is an arsenical,

An arsenic based compound.

What does Lewisite do?

This blistering compound is a light to dark brown liquid that vaporizes slowly.

What is the first sign and symptom of Lewisite?

The vapors of arsenicals are so irritating that conscious persons are immediately warned by discomfort, to put on the mask.

What injury isn't likely to occur with Lewisite?

Severe respiratory failure, except in the wounded who can't put on their face masks.

What type of Mustard gas causes intense pain, upon contact with skin?

Lewisite.

What is the treatment for Lewisite?

Immediately flush eyes,

Sodium Sulfacetamide 30% solution,

In severe cases, use morphine to relieve pain,

BAL.

What is BAL?

British Anti-Lewisite, dimercaprol is available in a peanut oil suspension for injection.

What is something to consider with BAL?

It is somewhat toxic and an injection of more than 3 mg/kg will cause severe symptoms.

What do blood agents do?

Interfere with enzyme functions in the body,

i.e., block oxygen transfer.

What are the two blood agents?

Hydrocyanic Acid,

Cyanogen Chloride.

What is "AC?"

Hydrocyanic Acid.

What is "CK?"

Cyanogen Chloride.

What is the set time for blood agents?

Can cause death in a short amount of time after exposure by interfering with oxygen in the blood.

What is the sign and symptoms of a blood agent?

Varies on time exposed,

Either death or recovery happens very rapidly.

What is the time period for death of a blood agent?

Forceful increase in the depth of respiration for a few seconds,

Violent convulsions after 20 to 30 seconds,

Respiratory failure with cessation of heart action within a few minutes.

What is the treatment for a blood agent?

Two suggested antibodies:

Amyl nitrite,

Sodium thiosulfate solution.

What does Amyl Nitrite come in?

Crush ampules.

What does Sodium Thiosulfate Solution come in?

Intravenous.

What does a blood agent smell like?

Almonds.

How do you do buddy aid with a blood agent?

Crush two ampules in the hollow of your hand and hold it to the victims nose,

Repeat procedures every few minutes until up to 8 ampules have been used.

Regardless if Amyl Nitrite is used, what needs to be done after the initial treatment?

Sodium Thiosulfate Intravenous Therapy,

100 to 200 mg/kg over a 9 minute period.

What is the key to successful cyanide treatment?

Speed.

What is a choking agent?

The toxicity of lung agents is due to their effect on lung tissues, they cause extensive damage to alveolar tissue, resulting in severe pulmonary edema.

What are the choking agents?

Phosgene,

Chlorine,

Chloropicrin,

Diphosgene.

What is "CG?"

Phosgene.

What is "CI?"

Chlorine.

What is the most common choking agent?

CG and it's toxic action is representative of the group.

What does phosgene CG smell like?

New mown hay,

Freshly cut grass.

What are the signs and symptoms of choking agents?

Watery eyes,

Coughing,

Tightness of the chest.

When do the symptoms of a choking agent go away?

2 to 6 hours after exposure.

What are the latent symptoms of choking agents?

Rapid, shallow and labored breathing,

Painful cough,

Cyanosis,

Frothy sputum,

Clammy skin,

Rapid, feeble pulse,

Low blood pressure.

What is the latent symptoms result of a choking agent?

Shock followed by death.

What is the treatment for a choking agent?

Bed rest,

Keep victims with lung edema moderately warm,

Treat anoxia with oxygen.

Because no specific treatment for CG poisoning is known, treatment has to be what?

Symptomatic.

What are incapacitating agents?

Are mainly comprised of psycho chemicals, that produce mental confusion and an inability to function intelligently.

What are the ways to deliver an incapacitating agent?

Food and water, as well as aerosol.

What is the high potency of the incapacitating agent?

Logistical feasibility.

What is the effects produced by incapacitating agents?

Mainly by altering or disrupting the higher regulatory activity of the central nervous system.

How long does an incapacitating agent last?

Hours or days. No permanent injury is produced.

When do the first symptoms of incapacitating agents happen?

Within 30 minutes lasting for several hours or several days.

What are the symptoms of incapacitating agents?

Abnormal inappropriate behavior,

Irrational statements,

Delusions and hallucinations.

What is the secondary set of symptoms of an incapacitating agent?

Dizziness,

Muscular coordination,

Dry mouth,

Difficulty swallowing.

What is the standard incapacitating agent in the US?

3-Quinuclidinyl Benilate - BZ,

A cholinergic blocking agent with is effective in producing delirium that may last several days.

In small doses, BZ will do what?

Increase in heart rate,

Pupil size,

Skin temp,

Drowsiness,

Dry skin,

Decrease in alertness.

In higher doses BZ will do what?

Progressive deterioration of mental capability, ending in stupor.

What is the treatment for an incapacitating agent?

Keep victims from harming themselves and others,

Generally there is no treatment for this type of intoxication.

For the treatment of BZ and other compounds known as glycolates, what is the drug treatment of choice?

Physostigmine.

It is NOT EFFECTIVE in the first 4 hours,

However it will be very effective as long as treatment is continued,

Discontinuation of treatment will cause a relapse.

What is riot control/harassing agents?

Is the collective term used to describe a collection of chemical compounds, all having similar characteristics which, though relatively nontoxic, produce an immediate but temporary effect in low concentrations.

What is riot control/harassing agents used for?

Harass enemy personnel or to discourage riot actions.

What is the treatment for riot control/harassing agents?

Generally no treatment,

Removal from the environment is sufficient.

What are the two riot control gases?

Lacrimators,

Vomiting agents.

Physostigmine is not effective when?

In the first 4 hours.

It will be after this time period.

What are Lacrimators

Tear gas are essentially local irritants that act primarily on the eyes.

In high concentration, Lacrimators will do what?

Irritate the respiratory tract and the skin.

What are the principle agents used in tear gas?

Cholracetopheone,

Orthochlorobenzilidine.

What is "CN?"

Cholracetopheone.

What is "CS?"

Orthochlorobenzilidine.

CS gas is basically what?

A Lacrimator, it is considerably more potent than CN and causes more severe respiratory symptoms.

What is CN primarily used for?

Training agent and is the most commonly encountered tear gas because it is not as potent.

CS is more widely used by what group?

The military as a riot control agent.

What is the best protective agent against CS?

Protective masks,

Ordinary field clothing secured at the neck, wrists, and ankles.

Personnel handling CS should wear what?

Rubber gloves for extra protection.

What is the sign and symptom of lacrimators?

Produce intense pain in the eyes with excessive tearing,

Even with the most severe exposures, symptoms seldom last more than 2 hours,

Moderate exposure lasts a few minutes.

What is the treatment for lacrimators?

Generally not necessary,

Fresh air and wind blowing in the eyes.

Chest discomfort after lacrimators can be relieved by what?

Talking.

What is something to note with lacrimators and clothing?

It adheres to it tenaciously and changing clothes may be necessary,

May need to shower as well, because of the hair and facial skin.

What are vomiting agents?

Comprise the second class of agents in the riot control category.

What are the primary agents in vomiting agents?

Adam site DM,

DA,

DC,

They are used for riot control and training.

How are vomiting agents dispersed?

Aerosols and produce their effects by inhalation or by direct action on the eyes.

What is the sign and symptom of vomiting agents?

They produce a strong pepper like irritation in the upper respiratory tract, with irritation of the eyes and lacrimation.

What is the secondary symptoms of vomiting agents?

Violent uncontrollable sneezing,

Coughing,

Nausea,

Vomiting,

General feeling of malaise.

What does inhalation of a vomiting agent cause?

Burning sensation in the nose and throat,

Hyper-salivation,

Rhinorrhea.

The sinuses fill rapidly and cause a violent frontal headache.

What is the treatment for the vomiting agent?

A mask should be worn despite of coughing, sneezing, salivation,

Minutes after putting on a mask, the symptoms will increase, so the victim will think that it isn't working,

Lift it, every so often to drain the vomit and mucus.

What is something to consider with vomiting agents and the mission?

Combat duties can still be performed if the individual is motivated enough.

What is the first aid treatment of vomiting agents?

First aid consists of washing the skin and rinsing the eyes and mouth,

A mild analgesic may be given to relieve a headache.

What is the recovery time for a vomiting agent?

Recovery is usually spontaneous and complete within 1 to 3 hours.

What are screening smokes?

Screening smokes fit in with riot control agents.

What is the primary use of screening smokes?

To obscure vision and hide targets or areas.

Screening smokes are not generally considered what?

Toxic.

Heavy exposure near the source of screening smokes may do what?

Cause illness or even death.

Where shouldn't you use screening smokes?

Activated indoors or in closed compartments.

Symptomatic treatment of medical problems or discomfort resulting from exposure to screening smokes will do what?

Generally suffice.

What is white phosphorus?

WP is a pale, waxy solid that ignites spontaneously on contact with air to give a hot, dense, white smoke composed of phosphorus pentoxide particles.

While field concentrations of the smoke may cause temporary irritation to the eyes, nose and throat, casualties of the smoke, have not occurred where?

In combat operations.

What is the treatment for the WP?

No treatment is necessary and the patient usually recovers once removed from the WP source.

WP smoke not only obscures the field of vision but also has a secondary when it touches what?

The skin of the victim.

When burning particles of the WP embed into the skin, what must be done?

Cover the skin with:

Water,

Wet cloth,

Or mud.

What is the solution for a white phosphorus burn?

0.5 percent solution of copper sulfate may be used as a rinse, but not as a dressing.

How are the phosphorus particles removed from the skin?

Surgically.

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Army CBRN Hazmat Awareness Training

CWA

Clean Water Act

EPA 40 CFR 300-311

Environmental Protection Agency

NFPA

National Fire Protection Agency

DOT 49 CFR 100-199

Department Of Transportation

RCRA

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (hazardous waste)

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration ( 29 CFR)

Awareness-level responders

Recognize, protect, call, and secure

toxic chemicals

Must be reported annually

hazardous chemical

Risk to employees

Hazardous material (DOT)

Covers 9 hazard classes; regulated by EPA

Dangerous Goods

Alternate term for hazardous materials used in Canada and by United Nations

hazardous waste

Regulated under resources, conservation, and recovery act (RCRA)

Hazardous Material (NFPA 472)

A substance that when released is capable of creating harm to people, environment, & property

hazardous substance (EPA)

Above a certain amount must be reported ( EPA ONLY AGENCY TO USE "SUBSTANCES")

Highly Hazardous Chemicals

Posses toxic, reactive, flammable, or explosive properties

Extremely Hazardous Substances (40 CFR 355)

EPA uses the term for chemicals that must be reported to the appropriate authorities if released above the threshold reporting quantity.

Implement

To put into action; execute

survey

Survey hazardous materials

Collect

Collect hazard information

detect

Detect the presence of hazardous materials

weapons of mass destruction (WMD)

Weapons involving toxic/poisonous chemicals, disease organism, release radioactivity

Class 1

Explosives

Class 1 Major Hazard

explosion

División 1.1

Mass explosion hazard

División 1.1 examples

Dynamite, TNT

División 1.2

Projection hazard

División 1.2 examples

Detonation cord

División 1.3

Fire hazard

División 1.3 examples

Rocket

División 1.4

Minor explosion hazard

División 1.4 examples

Ammunition

División 1.5

Very insensitive explosion

División 1.5 examples

Ammonium nitrate

División 1.6

Extremely insensitive explosion

División 1.6 examples

Squibs

Class 2

gases

Class 2 Major Hazard

BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion)

División 2.1

Flammable Gasses

División 2.1 examples

Propane, methyl chlorine

División 2.2

Non-flammable/ non-poisonous gasses

División 2.2 examples

Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, anhydrous ammonia

División 2.3

Poisonous gasses

División 2.3 examples

Arrime chlorine

Class 3

flammable and combustible liquids

Class 3 Major Hazard

Burns readily
-No divisions

Class 3 Flammable Liquids

Flash point of no more than 140 F

Class 3 Flammable Liquids examples

Acetone, gasoline, toluene

Class 3 combustible liquids

Flash point of more than 140F

Class 3 combustible liquids examples

Oil's

Class 4

Flammable and Combustible Solids

Class 4 Major Hazard

Rapid combustion that releases mass quantities of smoke (toxic)

División 4.1

Flammable solids

División 4.1: flammable solids

Self reactive materials
Readily combustible solids

División 4.1 examples

Nitro gilylose

División 4.2

Spontaneously combustible materials

Pyrophoric Material

Ignited five minutes after contact with air

Self-heating materials

Ignited when in contact with air

División 4.2 examples

Charcoal briquettes, phosphorus

División 4.3

Dangerous when wet

División 4.3 examples

Calcium carbine, magnesium powder

Class 5

Oxidizers

Class 5 major hazard

5.1 supports combustion intensifies fire
5.2 unstable/ reactive explosives

División 5.1

Oxidizer

División 5.1 examples

Ammonium nitrate

División 5.2

Organic peroxide

División 5.2 (A)

Detonate/deflagrate rapidly
Forbidden to transport

División 5.2(B)

Nor detonates/ deflagrate rapidly can undergo thermal explosion

División 5.2(C)

Neither detonate/ deflagrate or cannot undergo thermal explosion

División 5.2(D)

Detonated only partially/ deflagrate slowly w/ medium to no effect

Class 6

poison

Class 6 Major Hazard

Toxicity, Infections

División 6.1

Poisonous material (other than gases)

División 6.1 examples

Tear gas

División 6.2

Infectious substances ( pathogens)

División 6.2 examples

Anthrax, botulism, rabies, tetanus, polio, virus

Class 7

radioactive

Class 7 Major Hazard

Radioactive Burns (0.002 Mc/hr)

Class 7 Example

Cobalt, uranium, hexafluoride, "yellow cake"

Class 8

Corrosives

Class 8 Corrosives

liquid or solid that causes full thickness destruction of human skin at the site of contact within a specified period of time.

Class 8 Example

nitric acid and sulfuric acid and phosphorus

Class 9

miscellaneous

Class 9 miscellaneous

Not included in any other hazard class

Class 9 Example

Adipic acid, hazardous substances such as PCBs and molten sulfur

ORM-D

Other regulated materials

ORM Definition

Limited hazard during transportation due to its form, quantity, and packaging

ORM-D Examples

Furniture and nail polish; consumer commodities.

forbidden

No placard since they are forbidden

Forbidden examples

5.2 (a) materials

marine pollution

A material that has an adverse on aquatic life

Elevated Temperature Material

when offer in transport can be: liquid at above 212F, solid at 464F, liquid w/ flashpoint over 100F

dangerous

Mixed loads ( two or more items)
1001 lbs or above

intent

Intended to cause damage, inflict harm or kill

Severity & complexity

Large numbers of casualties or unusual materials

Crime Scene Management

Preservation of evidence/ extremely important consideration

Incident command

Unified command
Jurisdiction over all incidents involving terrorism

Secondary devices/attacks & armed resistance

Terrorist make target emergency responders in an attempt to kill them

Typical occupancies and locations

Warehouses
Tank farms
Weapons depots
Hospitals
Laboratories
Truck terminals
Flight line areas
Maintenance facilities

Pre-incident plan

Incident plans should be created before an incident

Radioactive containers (type A)

Protective over packs
Low level radiation

High pressure cargo tanks

Propane/ pressurized products
Highway made
Round ends

Radioactive containers (type B)

Casks

Pressure rail car

Propane/ pressurized products
Protective housing

High pressure tube trailer

Compressed gas but never liquified gas( noble gases)

Tube Modules

Compressed gas but never liquified(3.5 k psi)

Cryogenic Liquid Cargo Tanks

Vacuum insulated
Dished ends
Pish design

Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car

25 psi or lower
Box on tank

Corrosive Liquid Cargo Tanks

Overturn protection
Insulted/non-insulted

Non-pressure Liquid Cargo Tanks

Flammable liquids
Highway transportation
Oval ends
Four to five compartments

Non-pressure cars

Visible fitting
Expansión dome
60 to 100 psi

Mhm/wmd markings division 1.1

Mas detonation
Stop sign

MHM/WMD MARKINGS Division 1.2

Explosión w/ fragmentation
X shape

MHM/WMD MARKING Division 1.3

Mass fire hazard
Triangle shape

MHM/WMD MARKINGS Division 1.4

Moderate fire hazard
Diamond shape

NFPA 704 System

Fixed facilities
Minimal information
Does not provide name of material

Dry bulk cargo tanks

V-shaped bottoms
Solids only
Sloppy ends

Red Diamond

Flammability
Located at the top

Special warning chemical hazards

Red highly toxic
Yellow harassing gents
White phosphorus munitions

Special warning

Apply no water
Wear protective breathing apparatus

HCS

Hazard Communication Standard

Pipeline Markings

Must have:
1. Type of product
2. Owner of pipeline
3. Contact number in case of a breach.

Container Markings

Actual name of material stenciled on container

Blue Diamond

Health
located on the left

yellow diamond

Reactivity
located on the right

White diamond

special hazard information

SDS

Safety Data Sheet

STCC

Standard Transportation Commodity Code
7 digits

CAS

Chemical Abstracts Service
(chemical SSN)

Highway

Bill of landing
Driver
Cab

rail

Way bill/consist
Conductor/engineer
Train crew

water

Dangerous cargo manifest
Captain/master
Wheelhouse

air

Air bill
Pilot
Cockpit

Sensor identifying

Sight
Sound
Odor

Serious limitations

Close enough to smell- risk of death/injury
Close enough to see- risk of injury
Touching- may cause injury
Taste-not recommended

Targets and indicators of chemical/terrorist attacks

Public buildings
Mass transit system
Place with high economic impact
Telecommunications facilities
Places with historical/symbolic significance
Airports
Industrial facilities

Chemical agents indicators

Min to hours
Lab equipment
Hazardous materials/ WMD
Dead or brown foliage

Biological indicators

Days to weeks
No characteristic
Colorless/odorless

ignition source

Open flames
Lightning
Cutting/welding operations
Heated surfaces
Frictional heat
Radiant heat
Static

contact

Skin surface hazard/damage
(At aight of contact)

Absorption

Entry through eyes,skin, and through punctures

injection

Through a wound or cut

Ingestión

Through the mouth

TEAMCPRP

THERMAL, ETIOLOGICAL, ASPHYXIATION, MECHANICAL, CORROSIVE, POSIONOUS, RADIATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL.

evacuation

withdrawing troops or civilians

Safety points

Evaluate scene
Visual scan
Avoid touching
Scene control zones
Evacuate

---

FMF 112 CBRN Defense Fundamentals

What does NATO stand for?

National Atlantic Treaty Organization

Describe a chemical contamination marker

Upside down triangle
Yellow background
Red lettering
Name of agent and time of detection

Describe a biological contamination marker

Upside down triangle
Blue background
Red lettering
Name of agent and time of detection

Describe a radiological contamination marker

Upside down triangle
White background
Black lettering
Dose rate
Date and time of reading
Date and time of burst

Describe a chemical minefield contamination marker

Upside down triangle
Red background
Yellow lettering and a stripe
Chemical agent in mine
Date of emplacement

Which way does the chemical mine marker face?

Away from the minefield

What is the purpose of the M-40 field protective mask?

To protect from chemical and biological agents

What does the M-40 mask consist of?

Mask
Face blank
Filter canister
Dual voice mitter assemblies
Inlet and outlet valves
Water drinking system

Identify the following CBRN alarms:

Vocal
Visual
Percussion

GAS-GAS-GAS

Extend the arms out to the side, make a fist and bend the arms to the ears three times

Metal on metal

How do you DON the M-40 mask?

Stop breathing, close your eyes and mouth

The M-40 mask must be donned within how many seconds?

9 seconds

How many levels of MOPP are there and what are they?

Six

MOPP Ready Carry your protective mask

MOPP Zero MOPP gear available but not wearing it

MOPP 1 Over garment carried, booties carried, mask carried, gloves carried

MOPP 2 Over garment worn, booties carried, mask carried, gloves carried

MOPP 3 Over garment worn, booties worn, mask worn with hood open or closed, gloves carried

MOPP 4 over garment worn, booties worn, mask worn, gloves worn

What does the M9 detector paper detect?

Chemical agents but will not identify them

What color will the M9 detector paper turn if there is a presence of a chemical agent?

Light pink to reddish brown or violet tint

Where do you place M9 detector paper?

Ankles, wrists and biceps

What is the M8 detector paper primarily used for?

suspected liquid forms of contamination

What agents does the M8 detection paper detect?

G Nerve
V Nerve
H Blister

What color will G nerve show up as?

Yellow gold

What color will V nerve show up as?

Dark Green

What color will H Blister agent show up as?

Pink/ Red

What are the three levels of decontamination?

Immediate
Operational
Thorough

What are the 3 Immediate decon techniques?

Skin Decon

Personnel wipe down

operator's spray down

When is the best time to start skin decon?

Before 1 min

When is the best time to start personnel wipe down and operators spray down?

With in 15 mins

Who is skin decon done by?

The individual

Who is personnel wipe down and operators spray done by?

The individual or crew

What is the gain of immediate decon?

Stops the agent from penetrating

What are the Operational decon techniques?

MOPP gear exchange

Vehicle Wash down

When is the best time to start operational decon?

Within six hours

Who is Operational decon done by?

The unit, battalion crew or decon platoon

What is the gain of Operational decon?

Possible temporary relief from MOPP4

Limit the spread of liquid agents

What are the Thorough decon techniques?

Detailed Equipment decon

Detailed Aircraft decon

Detailed Troop decon

When should Thorough decon start?

When mission allows..

Who is thorough decon done by?

Decon platoon or the unit

What is the gain of thorough decon?

Probable long-term MOPP reduction with minimum risk

What are the immediate actions required during a nuclear attack without warning?

Look for protective cover

How do you react to a nuclear blast without a weapon?

Immediately drop face down, with head towards the blast

Use cover if it's available

Close your eyes

Protect or cover exposed skin by putting hands and arms under or near the body and keeping your helmet on

Keep your head down

How do you react to a nuclear blast with a weapon?

Immediately drop face down with head towards the blast

Use protective cover if available

Close your eyes

Protect or cover exposed skin by putting hands and arms under or near the body and keeping your helmet on

Place your weapon under your body or beside you with the strap/sling wrapped tightly around your arm and the muzzle angled away from your face

Remain face down for 90 seconds or until all debris has stopped falling

What are the immediate actions required during a chemical or biological attack?

Stop breathing
Close your mouth and eyes

How long do you have to react to a gas attack?

15 seconds

What are some signs and symptoms of exposure to nerve agents?

Convulsions
Pinpoint pupils
Rhinorrea
Hypersalivation
Local muscle twitching
Dyspnea

How do you treat nerve agents?

3 sets of
2mg of atropine
600 mg of 2PAM/CL

Administer atropine until what occurs?

Atropinization (tachycardia, dry mouth)

These type of agents exert their primary action on the skin, producing large and painful blisters that are incapacitating.

Blister agents

What are the two types of blister agents?

Mustard HN/HD
Lewisite

Signs and Symptoms of Mustard agents

Death
Eyes painful and gritty
Burning on the skin
Blisters within 12 to 48 hrs

Treatment of blister agents

treat the symptoms

How do you treat Lewisite?

Wash with copious amounts of water

30% of sodium sulfatacemide for eye infection within the first 24 hrs

Antidote - British Anti-lewisite (BAL)

What do blood agents do?

Block oxygen transfer

What type of odor does blood agents have?

Almond like-odor

What are the two types of blood agents?

Hydrocyanic acid (AC), Cyanogen chloride (CK)

signs and symptoms of blood agents include

Death
Violent convulsions in 20-30 seconds
Respiratory failure
Forceful respirations

What is the treatment for blood agents?

Amyl nitrate in crushed ampules
100-200 mg/kg of sodium thiosulfate over 9 mins

What agent results in sever pulmonary edema?

Choking agents

What are the four choking agents?

Phosgene CG
Chlorine CL
Diphosgene
Clorosporin

Sign and symptoms of a choking agent

Usually don't occur for 2-6 hrs
Cyanosis
Shock
Clammy skin
Rapid pulse
Frothy sputum
Painful cough
Rapid, shallow, labored breathing
Low blood pressure

Treatment for choking agents

Bed rest
oxygen

What do incapacitating agents do?

Produce mental confusion and an inability to function intelligently

When will signs and symptoms appear for incapacitating agents?

30mins to hours, days to several weeks

What is the treatment for incapacitating agents?

Prevent victims from injuring themselves and others

Physostigmine but not effective in the first four hrs

What are the two types of Riot control/ harassing agents?

Lacrimators or vomiting agents

What are the two gas lacrimators called?

CN and CS

Which gas lacrimator is weaker but last longer?

CN

Which gas lacrimator is more potent and used by the military?

CS

How long does symptoms last for lacrimators?

Over 2 hrs

What are the three vomiting agents?

Adamsite (DM)
Diphenylchloroarsine (DA)
Diphenylcyanorsine (DC)

How are vomiting agents introduced?

Dispersed as aerols by inhalation or direct contact on the eyes

signs and symptoms of vomiting agents include

Violent uncontrollable sneezing
Violent frontal headache
coughing
Nausea
Vomiting
Malaise

What is the treatment for vomiting agents?

Washing the skin & rinsing the mouth & eyes w/ water
Vigorous PT
Recovery w/ in 1-3 hrs

What is the primary use of smoke screens?

Obscure vision and hide targets

Describe white phosphorus

A pale, waxy solid that ignites spontaneously on contact with air to give a hot, dense, white smoke

What is the treatment if white phosphorus comes into contact with the skin?

Cover with mud or wet cloth
.5% of copper sulfate rinse
Surgical removal