Environmental Mold Traits Are

Question: trait

Answer: reaction tendencies, derived by the method of factor analysis, that are relatively permanent parts of the personality

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Question: common traits

Answer: everyone shares common traits to some degree
--ex: level of intelligence

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Question: unique traits

Answer: each of us has unique traits that distinguish us as individuals
--ex: interest in specific sports, hobbies

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Question: ability traits

Answer: our skills and abilities determine how well we can work toward our goals

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Question: temperament traits

Answer: emotions and feelings help determine how we react to the people and situations in our environment

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Question: dynamic traits

Answer: the forces that underlie our motivations and drive our behavior

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Question: surface traits

Answer: characteristics composed of any number of source traits or behavioral elements
--may be unstable/impermanent, weakening or strengthening in response to different situations

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Question: source traits

Answer: single, stable, permanent elements of our behavior

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Question: constitutional traits

Answer: source traits that have biological origins
--behaviors that arise from drinking

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Question: environmental-mold traits

Answer: source traits with environmental origins, such as the behaviors that result from the influence of our friends, work environment, etc.

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Question: ergs

Answer: permanent constitutional source traits that provide energy for goal-directed behavior
--basic innate units of motivation

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Question: sentiments

Answer: environmental mold source traits that are a pattern of learned attitudes that focuses on important aspects of life
--ex: community, spouse, job, religion

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Question: infancy

Answer: -birth-6 years old
-weaning, toilet training
-formation of ego, super-ego, and social attitudes

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Question: childhood

Answer: -6-14
-independence from parents and identification with peers

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Question: adolescence

Answer: -14-23
-conflicts about independence, self-assertion, and sex

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Question: maturity

Answer: 23-50
-satisfaction with career, marriage and family

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Question: late maturity

Answer: 50-65
-personality changes in response to physical and social circumstances

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Question: old age

Answer: 65+
-adjustment to loss of friends, career, and status

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Question: life records (l-data)

Answer: technique involving the observers' ratings of specific behaviors exhibited by people in real life settings such as a classroom or office
--good because it's actual behaviors in a naturalistic setting instead of recreated ones in a lab

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Question: questionnaires (q-data)

Answer: questions about characteristics, attitudes, and interests that we rate about ourselves
--limitations because of superficial self-awareness, denial, falsified responses

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Question: personality tests (t-data)

Answer: objective test where a person responds w/o knowing which aspect of behavior is being evaluated
--objective bc patients can't fake answers, but it could be subjective because of biases of psychologists

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Question: 16 personality factor test (16 pf test)

Answer: tests your 16 major source traits
-objectively scored
-traits are assumed to control a person's behavior (A-Q)

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Question: behavioral genetics

Answer: study of the relationship between genetic and hereditary factors and personality traits

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Question: dynamic lattice

Answer: organized system of traits w/in human personality

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Question: subsidiation

Answer: attitudes are dependent on sentiments; sentiments are dependent on ergs

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Question: econetic model

Answer: study of ecology
-represented cattell's efforts to remedy this deficiency of the role of the environment in predicting behavior

-involves measuring the effects of other people and of the physical, social, and cultural environments on the individual
0each component may be weighted differently and contribute differentially to the modulation of the persons traits and subsequent behavior

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Question: environmental sphere

Answer: listing of all the terms used in a culture to designate situations
-made by examining every 10th page of encyclopedias of a given culture

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Question: integration learning

Answer: -type of learning in which people utilize their reasoning abilities and value systems to maximize the attainment of long-range goals

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Question: neurosis

Answer: disorder in which a person is highly anxious and emotionally unstable

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Question: psychosis

Answer: very severe disorder where a person often loses contact w/ reality and can become a threat to himself or others

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Question: beyondism

Answer: new morality based on scientific research and data
--cattell believed new set of ethics would help society progress beyond its current state of instability, confusion, and crisis
--cattell opposed immigration and interbreeding

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Question: restrictive eugenics

Answer: preventing people w/ "bad genes" from reproducing

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Question: creative eugenics

Answer: encouraging those with "good genes" to reproduce

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Question: evaluative comments

Answer: -broad in scope
-precise and testable
-high in parsimony
-empirical support for predictive validity of 16 pt but not for econetic model
-not stimulating enough for real world
-helps in clinical diagnoses of psychopathology and occupational psychology

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Question: factor analysis

Answer: a highly complicated statistical procedure used to isolate and identify a number of factors that underlie a larger group of observed, interrelated variables

*ex: r tech, and p tech

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Question: r technique

Answer: usually large group-variety of personality tests
-intercorrelate their scores

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Question: p technique

Answer: designed to discover the unique trait structure of a single individual repeatedly over time on a number of personality traits

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Question: cattel's definition of personality

Answer: that which tells what a person will do when placed in a given situation

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Question: personality formula

Answer: R(response)=f(function) (S: situation, P: personality)

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Question: fluid intelligence

Answer: abilities which appear most purely in unlearned performances with new data
(innate abilities)

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Question: crystalized intelligence

Answer: abilities that are distinct from fluid intelligence and considered to be due to investment of fluid intelligence and cultural learning
(product of learning through school and culture)

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Question: personal sphere

Answer: total domain of personality traits

-suggested that the only practical source for such a listing is language
-primary factors of personality must begin with an adequate inventory of all the personality traits that can be used to describe individuals

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Question: 16 basic traits

Answer: a: warmth
b: reasoning ability
c: emotional stability
e: dominance
f: liveliness
g: rule consciousness
h: social boldness
i: sensitivity
l: vigilance
m: abstractedness
n: privateness
o: apprehension
q1: openness to change
q2: self reliance
q3: perfectionism
q4: tension

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