RBT Practice Exam

1. What is a multiple relationship?

1. Working with two clients at the same time

2. Working with two different clients

3. Having two different relationships with one client

4. Working with a client in the community and clinic settings

Answer: Having two different relationships with one client

2. Which of the following is part of the RBT ethical code?

1. Be compassionate for the less fortunate

2. Be truthful and honest

3. Resolve all issues formally

4. If there is an issue, file a formal complaint immediately

Answer: Be truthful and honest

3. A client gives you a bottle opener from their birthday party. What does the ethical code say you should do?

1. Refuse the gift and send a letter home that forbids future gifting.

2. Accept and use in front of them to make them feel good.

3. Politely decline and explain to them/ their parents the nature of your professional relationship.

4. Throw it away immediately.

Answer: Politely decline and explain to them/ their parents the nature of your professional relationship.

4. What should you do if you are arrested for a minor marijuana charge?

1. Report to BACB within 24 hours

2. Do not report; this is not a fireable offense and your credential with remain in tact

3. Provide 2 weeks notice to employer

4. Report to BACB within 30 days

Answer: Report to BACB within 30 days

5. Which is considered confidential information per the BACB ethical code?

1. Information about a client that can be found online

2. Information about the people that RBT works with

3. Written records

4. Electronic records

5. All of the above

Answer: All of the above

6. If you are not providing direct ABA services and are having a fun Friday, what should you do?

1. Do not make reference to, display, or otherwise use your RBT

2. Explain to parents that ABA was being performed under their RBT credential

3. Display your RBT certificate when requested

4. Bill since you have the RBT credetial

Answer: Do not make reference to, display, or otherwise use your RBT

7. Your supervisor requests that you work with a new client who has behaviors you have never encountered. What should you do?

1. Refuse as you lack experience in this type of behavior

2. Request more training from supervising BCBA

3. Accept since you are contractually obligated

4. Politely decline

Answer: Request more training from supervising BCBA

8. Which antecedent increases or decreases the value of a consequence?

1. Abolishing Operation

2. Establishing Operation

3. Motivating Operation

4. SD

Answer: Motivating Operation

9. You are recording the time it takes from the presentation of the demand (Sd) to the first instance of behavior. What are you measuring?

1. Frequency

2. Duration

3. Latency

4. Inter-response time

Answer: Latency

10. How long the behavior occurs refers to what measurement dimension?

1. Duration

2. Momentary time sampling

3. Latency

4. Tally/ Count

Answer: Duration

11. John is recording data on aggression by counting the number of scratches left on his body after a session. What kind of measurement is this?

1. Duration

2. Time sampling

3. Continuous measurement

4. Permanent product

Answer: Permanent product

12. Escape, attention, tangible, sensory

1. Functions of behavior

2. Teaching strategies

3. Types of prompts

4. Dimensions of ABA

Answer: Functions of behavior

13. Determined by ABC Data

1. Prompt level

2. Duration

3. Function

4. Inter-response time

Answer: Function

14. The breakdown of a task into its individual components and steps.

1. Discrete trial

2. Forward chaining

3. Stimulus control

4. Task analysis

Answer: Task analysis

15. Signals that reinforcement is available.

1. Sd

2. Sdelta

3. SR-

4. VR-3

Answer: Sd

16. Examples are food, water, sex, sleep.

1. Secondary reinforcement

2. Primary reinforcement

3. Sd

4. Consequence of behavior

Answer: Primary reinforcement

17. Examples are money and tokens.

1. Primary reinforcement

2. Conditioned reinforcer

3. Economic reinforcement

4. Fiscal considerations

Answer: Conditioned reinforcer

18. Increases the future likelihood of behavior.

1. Punishment

2. Motivation

3. Rewards

4. Reinforcement

Answer: Reinforcement

19. Adding a stimulus which increases the future likelihood of behavior.

1. Positive reinforcement

2. Positive punishment

3. Negative reinforcement

4. Negative punishment

Answer: Positive reinforcement

20. Verbal behavior with point-to-point correspondence.

1. Mand

2. Tact

3. Intraverbal

4. Echoic

Answer: Echoic

21. Removing a stimulus which decreases the future likelihood of behavior.

1. Positive reinforcement

2. Positive punishment

3. Negative reinforcement

4. Negative punishment

Answer: Negative reinforcement

22. Reinforcement is delivered on the average of every 2 minutes in which the behaviors occur.

1. FI-2

2. FR-2

3. VI-2

4. VR-2

Answer: VI-2

23. What are the four functions of behavior?

1. Toys, Edibles, Praise, and Aversion

2. Sensory, Escape, Attention, and Tangibles

3. Sensory Overload, Non-Compliance, Aggression, and Compliance

4. Automatic Sensory, Automatic Positive, and Social Negative

Answer: Sensory, Escape, Attention, and Tangibles

24. Verbal behavior of requesting

1. Mand

2. Tact

3. Echoic

4. Intraverbal

Answer: Mand

25. Removing a stimulus which decreases the future likelihood of behavior.

1. Positive reinforcement

2. Positive punishment

3. Negative reinforcement

4. Negative punishment

Answer: Negative punishment

26. Tilda finished her session after being supervised by her BCBA. During the session, she recorded data on a paper data collection sheet. While she was cleaning up, she spilled a cup of coffee all over her data sheet, making it completely illegible.

What should Tilda do? Her company has strict policies regarding staff who fail to properly enter data at the end of a shift!

1. Tilda should not record any data for that session – that would be unethical. No further action (such as contacting her supervisor) is necessary – if a supervisor sees no data collected, they automatically know that coffee was spilled on the paper data sheet due to their experience with coffee and paper in the past.

2. Tilda should try her best to estimate the client’s performance on each skill target. After all, it wasn’t that long ago – she can probably remember everything alright.

3. Tilda should notify her supervisor of the mishap and try to prevent such a fiasco in the future – perhaps by using mechanical or digital data collection systems.

4. Tilda should submit the coffee-stained paper data sheet to her supervisor during the next supervision session and resign.

Answer: Tilda should notify her supervisor of the mishap and try to prevent such a fiasco in the future – perhaps by using mechanical or digital data collection systems.

27. What occurs before the behavior?

1. Antecedent

2. Response

3. Behavior

4. Consequence

Answer: Antecedent

28. Example, “do this.”

1. Sd

2. DRA

3. Sdelta

4. SR+

Answer:  Sd

29. What occurs after the behavior?

1. Antecedent

2. Behavior

3. Response

4. Consequence

Answer: D. Consequence

30. Tammy is a BCBA working at a behavior analysis clinic. She is creating a flyer for an exciting workshop event at her clinic, and wants to share it with all the families currently receiving behavior analysis services, so she mass emails (cc – carbon copy) the entire roster of active patients at her facilty. What, if anything, is wrong with this situation?

1. This is fine and permitted by the BACB, within reason

2. CC (carbon copy) reveals the names of people who are receiving behavior analysis services without getting their consent first, which violates HIPPA, as revealing the name of someone receiving mental health services is protected healthcare information.

3. Generally speaking, behavior analysis is not a “medical” field and therefore not required to respect privacy as federally mandated by the HIPAA act. However, this type of behavior is considered somewhat “unclassy.”

4. Sam should avoid sending out mass emails, as it’s very tacky

Answer :B. CC (carbon copy) reveals the names of people who are receiving behavior analysis services without getting their consent first, which violates HIPPA, as revealing the name of someone receiving mental health services is protected healthcare information.

31. Tim, a BCBA, always writes his procedures in clear and concise terms so that his staff (and families, too!) can easily understand what is meant by his procedures. He provides complete and full definitions, and avoids using overly specific jargon when the person(s) who will be reading or implementing his procedures are laypersons.

Of the 7 Dimensions of ABA (as originally described by Baer, D., Wolf, M., & Risley, R., 1968), which of the following does the above most closely describe?

1. Applied

2. Behavioral

3. Technological

4. Conceptually Systematic

 Answer : CTechnological

32. Start with most intrusive prompt.

1. Forward chaining

2. Backwards chaining

3. Most to least prompting

4. Least to most prompting

Answer :C. Most to least prompting

33. Reinforcing gradual changes in behavior.

1. Chaining

2. Shaping

3. Prompting

4. Reinforcing

Answer :B. Shaping

34. Teaching a task analysis by teaching the first step first.

1. Forward chaining

2. Prompting

3. Backwards chaining

4. Fading

Answer : A.Forward chaining

35. Start with least intrusive prompt.

1. Forward chaining

2. Backwards chaining

3. Least to most prompting

4. Most to least prompting

Answer : A Forward chaining

36. Teaching the entire task analysis at once

1. Total task presentation

2. Single task presentation

3. Discriminative stimulus

4. Forward chaining

Answer : A. Total task presentation

37. Reinforcement provided on the average of every 5 correct responses

1. VR-5

2. VI-5

3. FR-5

4. FI-5

Answer : A. VR-5

38. Reinforcement provided every 2 minutes in which behavior occurred.

1. VI-2

2. VR-2

3. FR-2

4. FI-2

Answer : D .FI-2

39. Reinforcement provided every 10 minutes that behavior occurs.

1. FI-10

2. FR-10

3. VI-10

4. VR-10

Answer: A. FI-10

40. MSWO

1. Multiple stimulus with replacement

2. Multiple stimulus without replacement

3. Multiple stimulus with operates

4. Multiple settings with replacement

Answer:B. Multiple stimulus without replacement

41. FBA

1. free behavior assessment

2. functional behavior assessment

3. function of behavior analysis

4. Freudian behavior assessment

Answer:B. functional behavior assessment

42. You provide reinforcement to your client for clapping, and ignore him when he hits.

1. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior

2. Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior

3. Differential reinforcement for lower rats of behavior

4. Differential reinforcement of other behavior

Answer: B. Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior

43. Reinforcing progressively lower response rates.

1. Differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior

2. Differential reinforcement of lower rates of behavior

3. Differential reinforcement of other behavior

4. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior

Answer:B. Differential reinforcement of lower rates of behavior

44. Reinforcing progressively increasing rates of behavior.

1. Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior

2. Differential reinforcement of other behavior

3. Differential reinforcement of alternative behavior

4. Differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior

Answer: D. Differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior

45. Which of the following examples below is an example of a VARIABLE RATIO schedule of reinforcement?

1. Grandma loves the slots in Vegas! On average, every 30th pull of the slot machine results in a small cash payout. Sometimes the payout occurs on the 15th pull… sometimes on the 45th… but, on average, payout occurs every 30 pulls on the slot machine. Grandma can’t wait to hit the jackpot someday!

1. Every time Billy screams, his mother punishes him by taking away his toys for the night

1. Tim gives his students a treat from the candy jar every time they get a 100% on their tests

1. Individuals who pass the RBT exam are given a $50 bonus on their next pay check at ACME ABA company.

Answer: A.  Grandma loves the slots in Vegas! On average, every 30th pull of the slot machine results in a small cash payout. Sometimes the payout occurs on the 15th pull… sometimes on the 45th… but, on average, payout occurs every 30 pulls on the slot machine. Grandma can’t wait to hit the jackpot someday!

46. Withholding reinforcement for a target response

1. Variable reinforcement

2. Extinction

3. Punishment

4. Reinforcement schedule

Answer: B. Extinction

47. Sometimes, behavior analysts will break down a complex chain of behaviors into smaller discrete steps to facilitate teaching. The learner will then be taught to complete the steps in their logical order, with the completion of the previous step serving as the reinforcer for that step and the discriminative stimulus (SD) for the next step. Finally, the last step in the chain (terminal step) serves as the reinforcer for the whole chain.

What is this called?

1. Task Analysis

2. Task Step

3. Task Endurance

4. Task Sequence

5. A Recipe

Answer: A: Task Analysis

48. An experienced RBT supervises other RBTs at work, due to a shortage of board certified assistant (BCaBA) and board-certified behavior analysts (BCBAs).

What, if any, ethical consideration exists here?

1. As long as the RBT is being supervised by a behavior analyst, there is no ethical concern here.

1. There is no ethical concern here – this is standard practice, as mandated by the BACB. 

1. The RBT needs to be supervised directly by a certified behavior analyst (BCaBA, BCBA, BCBA-D). The type of supervision and quantity are directly specified by the board.

2. As long as the RBT practices lots of the free quizzes on this awesome website, they should be fine.

Answer: C. The RBT needs to be supervised directly by a certified behavior analyst (BCaBA, BCBA, BCBA-D). The type of supervision and quantity are directly specified by the board.

49. You’re about to start a session with a client. What do you need to do to be sure you’re ready to have a successful session (at the very minimum)?

1. You can probably just wing it. You’re pretty good at this, after all, and your memory is amazing.

1. A cup of coffee is all anyone really needs – if anyone tells you elsewise, they’re a liar or a tea-drinker.

1. You should know the responses and their response definitions that you will be measuring during your session. In addition, make sure you’re prepared to take data – clickers, notepaper and a pencil, whatever you need, make sure you have it!

1. Before the session, conduct a functional behavioral assessment and an informal preference assessment. Following that, draft a treatment plan while the client plays with an iPad.

Answer: C. You should know the responses and their response definitions that you will be measuring during your session. In addition, make sure you’re prepared to take data – clickers, notepaper and a pencil, whatever you need, make sure you have it!

50. What happens before/ immediately precedes behavior in data collection is known as the…

1. Antecedent

2. Motivation Operation

3. Preceding Stimulus

4. Setting event

Answer: A. Antecedent

51. How long a tantrum behavior occurs, how long it takes a client to do homework; what type of data collection is this?

1. Frequency

2. Duration

3. Interresponse time

4. Latency

Answer:B.  Duration

52. Time between two successive responses.

1. Frequency

2. Duration

3. Intensity

4. Inter-response time

Answer: D. Inter-response time

53. Record a + if behavior occurred at any point during the interval.

1. Momentary Time Sampling

2. Duration per Occurrence

3. Partial Interval Recording

4. Partial Interview Recording

Answer:C. Partial Interval Recording

54. When attempting to assess the function of a client’s behavior, what is often considered the “gold standard” for experimentally identifying function?

1. Ask yourself, “What are the A-B-C’s for this behavior?” Sketch it out, and write a functional response definition for the behavior and proceed with treatment. Trust your intuition!

1. Watch the behavior of interest occur in the natural environment; that should be sufficient.

1. Free operant or multiple stimulus assessment

1. Conducting an analog or naturalistic functional analysis is usually considered the best way to identify function

Answer: D. Conducting an analog or naturalistic functional analysis is usually considered the best way to identify function

55. Select the best definition for differential reinforcement, from the choices below:

1. A stimulus that, when presented following a behavior, causes an overall INCREASE in that behavior over time.

2. Providing greater reinforcement for better approximations of a target behavior, and placing other behaviors on extinction or on a less desirable reinforcement schedule.

3. A stimulus that signals the availability of a reinforcer.

4. A stimulus that, when presented following a behavior, causes an overall DECREASE in that behavior over time.

Answer: B. Providing greater reinforcement for better approximations of a target behavior, and placing other behaviors on extinction or on a less desirable reinforcement schedule.

56. A little boy is playing with his toys in his room. Holding one of his stuffed animal dolls, he looks at it and says “Zebra!”

Which elementary verbal operant does this scenario most likely describe?

1. Intraverbal

2. Echoic

3. Autoclitic

4. Tact

Answer: D.Tact

57. Teaching communication to replace problem behaviors.

1. Functional communication training

2. FIT

3. Differential reinforcement of other behaviors

4. FR-3 schedule of reinforcement

Answer: A.Functional communication training

58. What occurs when reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is no longer provided, resulting in the decrease of frequency of the behavior in the future?

1. Endangerment

2. Extinction

3. Pivotal Response Training

4. Negative reinforcement

Answer: B.Extinction

59. For a child who is always picked up when they cry, not picking them up in the future would be an example of…?

1. Escape

2. Elopement

3. Extinction

4. Negative reinforcement

Answer: C.Extinction

60. Which type of extinction procedure has the individual simply giving no outward signs or response to a behavior, such as eye contact, verbal/ physical responses?

1. Planned ignoring

2. Escape extinction

3. Functional communication training

4. Positive reinforcement

Answer: A. Planned ignoring

61. A child is taught to raise their hand as an alternative to yelling out in class. Which type of differential reinforcement does this example represent?

1. Differential reinforcement of incompatible behaviors

2. Differential reinforcement of lower rates of behavior

3. Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors

4. Differential reinforcement of other behaviors

Answer: D.Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors

62. Classical conditioning is also commonly referred to as…

1. Reflex Reaction

2. Operant Conditioning

3. Learning

4. Pavolovian Conditioning

Answer:D. Pavolovian Conditioning

63. For a child who is scratching his skin, extinction can be used by the child wearing a glove, preventing the contact of the sensory stimulation that comes from scratching the skin. Which type of extinction does this represent?

1. Sensory extinction

2. Escape extinction

3. Attention extinction

4. Functional communication training

Answer:A.Sensory extinction

64. A neutral stimulus can become conditioned by pairing this stimulus with an unconditioned or previously conditioned stimulus. True or false?

1. True

2. False

Answer: A. True

65. The sign being illuminated at your favorite restaurnt says “open.” The open sign signals he availability of stopping, as it indicates that the behavior of going into the restaurant will be reinforced by the delivery of food. What type of stimulus is this an example of?

1. Sd

2. Sdelta

3. Ds

4. SR+

Answer: A. Sd

66. This follows a response and increases the probability of that response occurring again in the future.

1. Punishment

2. Reinforcement

3. Consequence

4. Stimulus

Answer: B Reinforcement

67. Adding something that will motivate a person to increase the likelihood that they will engage in the target behavior again. What type of reinforcement is this?

1. Positive

2. Negative

3. Continuous

4. Discontinuous

Answer:D. Discontinuous

68. Food is an example of what type of reinforcer?

1. Unconditioned

2. Conditioned

3. Negative

4. Positive

Answer: A.Unconditioned

69. Money is an example of what type of reinforcement?

1. Negative

2. Unconditioned

3. Secondary

4. Primary

Answer: C.Secondary

70. Extremely bright lights, freezing temperature, electric shock are all examples of which punisher?

1. Conditioned

2. Unknown

3. Unconditioned

4. Secondary

Answer: C. Unconditioned

71. Satiation is a term that refers to what?

1. An abolishing operation (value decrease) of a reinforcer due to an organism being over-exposed to that stimulus

2. An establishing operation (value increase) of a reinforcer due to it’s scarcity

3. A stimulus that is aversive or non-preferred

4. To be at capacity or over-supplied

Answer: A. An abolishing operation (value decrease) of a reinforcer due to an organism being over-exposed to that stimulus

72. Which of the following is true about cumulative records?

1. Trends in a cumulative record can include a positive (increasing) and negative (decreasing) slope

2. A combination of all frequency scores into a single “master score index” used in statistical analysis to compare frequency charts for different types of radical behaviors

3. Data never decreases in a cumulative record; an increasing slope indicates occurrence of the target behavior, while a flat slope indicates periods of no occurrences of the target behavior

4. Data is recorded once per session; downward slopes indicate a decreasing trend

Answer: C. Data never decreases in a cumulative record; an increasing slope indicates occurrence of the target behavior, while a flat slope indicates periods of no occurrences of the target behavior

73. Removing something that increases the future likelihood of behavior is called…

1. Negative punishment

2. Negative reinforcement

3. Positive punishment

4. Positive reinforcement

Answer:  Negative reinforcement

74. Present 5 easy/ mastered tasks in quick succession immediately before presenting an acquisition target.

1. Behavior modification

2. Behavior momentum

3. Behavior inertia

4. Functional community training.

Answer: B. Behavior momentum

75. Is exaggerating covered by the RBT ethical code?

1. Yes

2. No

Answer: A. Yes

76. How much time needs to pass before entering a relationship with a client or supervisor?

1. 2 years after the working relationship ends

2. 6 months after the working relationship ends

3. 1 month, as long as a personal relationship is established

4. Never

Answer: A. 2 years after the working relationship ends

77. What should you do if you are arrested for a minor marijuana charge?

1. Report to BACB within 24 hours

2. Do not report; this is not a fireable offense and your credential with remain in tact

3. Provide 2 weeks notice to employer

4. Report to BACB within 30 days

Answer: D. Report to BACB within 30 days

78. When working with a client, whose preferences should take priority?

1. Parent

2. Teacher

3. BCBA

4. Client

Answer:  D.Client

79. If you become aware that a client’s legal rights are being violated, which of the following actions should you take?

1. Contact relevant authorities

2. Follow organization’s policies

3. Document efforts to address the matter

4. Consult with your supervisor

5. All of the above

Answer: E. All of the above

80. Sally is an RBT working with a client named Jim. Jim tends to scream and bite his arm forcefully when presented with his token board, and sometimes when Sally opens up her laptop. Sally almost never opens up her laptop unless she’s about to ask Jim to do some of his table work activities.

What do you think the most likely function of Jim’s behavior is?

1. Sensory Overload

2. Escape from demands presented by others (Socially Mediated Negative Reinforcement)

3. Access to Tangibles, such as preferred Items & activities (Socially Mediated Positive Reinforcement)

4. Escape from a painful stimulus, such as a headache! (Automatically Mediated Negative Reinforcement)

Answer:B. Escape from demands presented by others (Socially Mediated Negative Reinforcement)

81. You are asked to collect data on aggression. Every time your learner agresses, you click the tally counter. What are you measuring?

1. Duration

2. Duration per occurrence

3. Latency

4. Frequency

Answer:D. Frequency

82. You are recording the time it takes from the presentation of the demand (Sd) to the first instance of behavior. What are you measuring?

1. Frequency

2. Duration

3. Latency

4. Inter-response time

Answer:C. Latency

83. For every third correct response, you deliver a preferred edible. What reinforcement schedule is this?

1. FR-3

2. FI-3

3. VR-3

4. VI-3

Answer: A. FR-3

84. Which of the following is the LEAST unethical decision?

1. An RBT working with a family on community skills goals in a shopping mall is offered a gift by the family once they conclude their shopping trip. The RBT accepts the gift.

2. A family is going on vacation and wants to bring their RBT along to help their child work on goals while on vacation. The RBT can’t afford the trip, so the family decides to pay for their trip in order to bring them along. The RBT agrees, as this is a valid business expense.

3. A small child, who is the client of an RBT, offers the RBT a hand-made card, made from construction paper and way too much glitter, as a gift. The RBT readily accepts with a big smile on his face.

4. A mechanic, who is the father of a child receiving behavioral services from an RBT, notices the RBT is having trouble starting her car. He offers to help her fix it at his shop for free. The RBT is grateful, and accepts the gift from the client’s father.

Answer: C. A small child, who is the client of an RBT, offers the RBT a hand-made card, made from construction paper and way too much glitter, as a gift. The RBT readily accepts with a big smile on his face.

85. Response definitions, sometimes also referred to as operational definitions or behavior definitions, refer to a …

1. Objective, clear, concise, and complete description of a behavior of interest

2. Use laymans terms to explain to parents what type of function the behavior most likely possesses

3. Describe only the function of the behavior of interest

4. Provide a subjective, comfortable description of the behavior of interest

Answer: A. Objective, clear, concise, and complete description of a behavior of interest

86. Escape, attention, tangible, sensory describe what?

1. Functions of behavior

2. Teaching strategies

3. Types of prompts

4. Dimensions of ABA

Answer: A.Functions of behavior

87. This signals that reinforcement is available

1. SD

2. Sdelta

3. SR-

4. VR-3

Answer: A. SD

88. This increases the future likelihood of behavior.

1. Punishment

2. Motivation

3. Rewards

4. Reinforcement

Answer: D.Reinforcement

89. Reinforcement is delivered on average every 2 minutes in which the behaviors occur. What reinforcement schedule is this?

1. FI-2

2. FR-2

3. VI-2

4. VR-2

Answer: C. VI-2

90. Reinforcing gradual changes in behavior

1. Chaining

2. Shaping

3. Prompting

4. Reinforcing

Answer: B. Shaping

91. When you start with least intrusive prompt.

1. Forward chaining

2. Backwards chaining

3. Least to most prompting

4. Most to least prompting

Answer: C.Least to most prompting

92. Which of the following is the best example of maintaining client dignity?

1. Sharing a client’s private information with other RBTs

2. Explaining to the waitress that your client has autism during a CBI

3. Not restricting the client’s right to food or water

4. Sharing a client’s information with a peer

Answer:D. Sharing a client’s information with a peer

Gene, A preschooler, is a thumbsucker. The teacher finds it unsanitary and has asked a BCBA working with the preschool to help her decrease the thumb sucking. The BCBA asks you to take baseline data. Which measurement dimension would be most useful to the BCBA when they design an intervention?

Answer: Duration, or how much time during the day Gene is sucking her thumb.

RBT’s will often be charged with helping clients increase their current repertoire of skills. Skill acquisition plans are aimed to do just that. Components of a successful plan include: identifying the deficit, create a goal to address the deficit, establish a data measurement system, take baseline data, select and implement an acquisition procedure, then collect data to assess effectiveness of the procedure. The final step would likely be…..

Answer: modify existing plan based on assessment data

As an RBT you may come across many variations of Behavior Reduction Plans or Behavior Intervention Plans (BIPs). However, all good plans should include: Intro/ Background info, descriptions of behaviors, hypothesized functions, functionally equivalent replacement behaviors, skill acquisition strategies, antecedent prevention strategies, and…..

Answer: Reaction strategies, measurement systems, system of reinforcement

A discrimination stimulus is…

Answer: something in the environment that either evokes or abates behavior and a signal that reinforcement is available

A good skill acquisition plan will include an objective, criteria for mastery, how to teach the skill and necessary prompts, as well as stating…

Answer: specific roles of those working with the client

Which of the following would be the best addition to objective session notes?

Answer: Client performed 3 of 5 given tasks with 100% mastery

When generating session notes, RBTs should be aware of…

Answer: objectively and lack of personal bias

What is the role of the RBT in the service delivery system?

Answer: implement behavior intervention plan

When Behavioral professional speak of ethics they are talking about….

Answer: accepted standards of behavior, doing what is right

The measure of a permanent product looks at…

Answer: production

The Professional and Ethical Compliance Code of Behavior Analyst devotes an entire section to Behavior Analyst’s Responsibility to clients. All are appropriate except….

Answer: talk to parents or caregivers, not the clients

RBT are likely to be the ABA professionals who are implementing skill acquisition plans. In order to prepare and plan for a session, RBTs should always …….. , before collecting their materials, including data tracking forms.

Answer:  review session notes from the previous session, and decide how to proceed with the current session

 RBT Discrimination Practice

Discrimination Definition

Answer: When you engage in behavior under certain circumstances and not under other circumstances

Antecedents & Consequences of a behavior help us learn to make discriminations

Behavior occurs in presence of specific situations or contexts in which they were reinforced in the past

Examples of making a discrimination

Answer:Ex. Apple, that’s an apple, vs that’s a cat

stop at red light, not at green light

good morning in morning but not at night

Making Discriminations

Answer: Ex Julia-borrow car, mom says yes, dad says no, more likely to ask mom

Engaging in a discrimination because of the different consequences that were applied to the same behavior

Julia’s behavior is under stimulus control

Behavior occurs in the presence of specific contexts in which they were reinforced in the past

Discrimination Training

Answer: The result of discrimination training is stimulus control

Discrimination training involved reinforcing some responses and not reinforcing other responses in the presence of some antecedent stimulus

To help student learn to make discriminations, you can teach more than one target reponse at a time

Answer: Ex. Labeling objects–label multiple items during training

The result of this discrimination training is stimulus control

Discrimination Training-Collecting & Analyzing Data

Answer:  Collect data on the behvor being taught to make sure the teaching procedure is effective

Record response to each antecedent stimulus

Graph Data Collected

Analyze the Data

Other Questions To Learn (167)

Ethical

Answer:  Pertaining to right and wrong in conduct. Being in accordance with the rules or standards for right conduct or practice

Feedback and Reflection

Answer: Respond appropriately to feedback and maintain or improve performance. Take feedback and be a reflective practitioner.

Communication

Answer:  Communication with stakeholders as authorized.

Follow protocol of how to communicate.

Communicate effectively with all team members.

Professional Boundaries

Answer: Avoid dual relationships, conflicts of interest, social media contacts. Always take notes.

Client Dignity

Answer: Be respectful and thoughtful about the client’s needs and wants.

Never do or say anything to cause embarrassment to the client.

Do not do something in front of your client that you would not do if working with a typical developing child.

How to Prepare for Data Collection

Answer:1. Read data from last session

2. Prepare material and programs for current session based on data from last session.

3. Determine what programs you plan to work on during the session.

4. Gather materials for those programs.

5. Set up the first set of programs so they are ready for the client when you begin your session.

The Role of the RBT in the Service Delivery System

Answer:Implement measurement, assessment, skill acquisition, behavior reduction, documentation and reporting, and maintain professional conduct in the scope of the practice under the direct supervision of a BCBA or BCaBA.

RBT Assisting with Individual Assessment Procedures

Answer: The RBT can interview stakeholders, gather baseline data by observing the client’s behaviors in his/her natural environment, or probe client by asking them to perform a task we are unsure they can perform without providing assistance.

Dealing with Stakeholders

Answer:The RBT should only communicate with stakeholders as authorized by the supervisor. Any specific questions should be deferred to the BCBA or BCaBA. If you do communicate you must be objective, use behavioral language, avoid speculation, stick to topic appropriate for an RBT.

Assist Training Stakeholders

Answer:RBT can assist with training stakeholders by giving them instruction, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback with regard to behavioral skills training.

Report Other Variables

Answer: illness, relocation or change in medication.

Components of a Written Behavior Plan

Answer: 1. Identify, describe, create a goal for a behavior in observable terms.

2. Assess antecedent/consequence that may maintain behavior.

3. Identify hypothesis of function of behavior.

4. Identify possible replacement behaviors.

5. Select and implement antecedent/consequence based interventions.

6. Create crisis intervention plan.

7. Implementation, modification, generalization and maintenance procedures.

Skill Acquisition Plan

Answer: 7 Components

1. Identify the skill deficit

2. Create a goal to address the deficit

3. Establish a data measurement system

4. Take baseline data (Assess current skill level)

5. Select and implement an acquisition procedure.

6. Collect data to assess effectiveness of the procedure.

7. Modify existing plan based on assessment data. (Modify, if necessary) to maintain/increase effectiveness)

Prepare for Skill Acquisition Plan

Answer: 1. Determine what occurred last session to decide where to start.

2. Select skill acquisition procedures to complete during session.

3. Prepare materials you will need for the skill acquisition (including data collection protocols).

5 Dimensions we can Shape

Answer: 

1. Topography

2. Frequency

3. Latency

4. Duration

5. Amplitude/Intensity

Applied Behavior Analysis

Answer: The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change.

The scientific study of principles of learning and behavior.

Behavior

Answer:  An activity of living organisms.

What an individual does (how they respond in the situation).

It is observable and measurable.

Response

Answer:  Specific instance of behavior.

4 types of Responses:

1. Correct

2. Incorrect

3. Non-Response

4. Prompted

Respondent Behavior

Answer:  Untaught or unconditioned responses. Reflex.

Respondent Conditioning

Answer:  New stimuli can acquire the ability to elicit responses.

Occurs through pairing of two stimuli.

Stimulus – Stimulus Pairing (S – S)

Unconditioned Stimulus

Answer:  A stimulus that elicits an unconditioned response.

i.e. Food is an unconditioned stimulus for a hungry animal and salivation is the unconditioned response.

Unconditioned Response

Answer: A behavior that occurs naturally due to a given stimulus.

i.e. Dogs salivating in the presence of food; yelping upon being bitten by an insect.

Conditioned Stimulus

Answer:  A previously neutral stimulus that, after repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits the response produced by the unconditioned stimulus itself.

Conditioned Response

Answer: A behavior that does not come naturally, but must be learned by the individual by pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus.

Unconditioned Reinforcers

Answer: (AKA primary reinforcers) Stimuli that do not require learning. (i.e. food, water, warmth, sleep, sexual stimulation)

Conditioned Reinforcers 

Answer: (AKA secondary reinforcers) Neutral stimuli that have been paired with unconditioned reinforcers, or other conditioned reinforcers and through repeated pairing become reinforcers themselves. (i.e. stickers, sound, people)

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcers

Answer: Stimuli that have been paired with a variety of unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers. (i.e. praise, attention, money, tokens)

Operant Behavior

Answer: Behavior that is controlled or influenced by consequences.

Behavior whose future frequency is determined by a history of consequences.

Operant Conditioning

Answer: A type of learning where behavior is controlled by consequences.

Behavior followed by pleasant consequences tends to be repeated.

Behavior followed by unpleasant consequences tends not to be repeated.

Mand Training

Answer: (AKA request training) Training by asking for what you want.

Reinforcers

Answer: Pleasant events that follow a behavior that make behavior more likely to occur in the future.

Reinforcers strengthen behavior.

Punishers

Answer: Unpleasant events that follow a behavior and decrease the likelihood that a behavior will happen again in the future.

4 – Part Contingency of Operant Learning

Answer: 1. MO – Motivating Operation

2. Antecedent

3. Behavior

4. Consequence

Motivating Operation

Answer: (AKA setting event) Contextual factors or conditions that influence behavior.

Influence how an individual is going to react. (i.e. Being deprived of food and water)

Antecedent

Answer:What occurs before a behavior that then influences behavior.

An environment or a stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behavior of interest.

Prompt

Answer: Specific antecedent that directly facilitates performance of behavior.

Assistance provided to engage in desired behavior or response.

Consequence

Answer: Events that follow behavior and may influence it including increasing or decreasing it in the future.

May be reinforcers or punishers.

7 Dimensions of ABA

Answer: 1. Applied

2. Behavioral

3. Analytic

4. Technological

5. Conceptual Systems

6. Effective

7. Generality

Frequency Data

(AKA Event Recording) A form of continuous measurement.

Data in which you tally each time the behavior occurs.

Typically used for behaviors with discrete beginning and ending points.

Typically used for behaviors with discrete beginning and ending points. (i.e. throwing items, going to the gym, taking medicine, hitting another person)

Most frequently used type of data collection.

Duration Data

Answer: Data that is a calculation of the amount of time a behavior occurs.

The amount of time a response is performed.

Track from onset to offset.

Typically used for behaviors that last too long or too short. (i.e. on task behavior, social interactions, engaging in stereotypy)

Antecedent Behavior Consequence Data

Answer: (AKA ABC data) A combination of information about what happens before, during and after a behavior.

A form of continuous measurement.

Interval Recording

Answer:A form of discontinuous measurement.

Used for estimating duration of a behavior in which observers periodically look at client at predetermined intervals and record whether or not a behavior is occurring.

Partial Interval Recording

Answer: Did the behavior occur at least once during the short observation interval?

Overestimates the behavior.

Example: presence or absence of thumb-sucking within a series of time intervals.

Whole Interval Recording

Answer: Did the behavior occur for the whole interval that you are looking for it?

Underestimates the behavior.

Example: the total time devoted to remaining on task.

Momentary Time Sampling

Answer: Look up at the client immediately at pre-designated points and record whether the behavior occurred at that precise moment.

Example: presence or absence of client’s stereotypic behavior (stimming).

Response Latency

Answer: The amount of time after a specific stimulus has been given before the target behavior occurs.

Permanent Product Recording Procedures

Answer: A type of measurement used when the behavior you are assessing results in a lasting product or outcome.

Example: number of written assignments completed;

Anecdotal Data

Answer: A method of descriptively recording the behavior emitted by the learner, the response of others, and information about the environment.

Trial by Trial Data

Answer: For each trial record target and whether response was:

– Correct

– Incorrect

– Non-Response

– Prompted

Graphing

Answer: Graphing is a method of representing data in a visual way so that we can se patterns and direction over time.

– Line Graph (most common) shows patterns, trends

– Bar Graph shows portions of a whole

– Pie Chart shows portions of a whole

Reliability

Answer: That the data taken is reliable and people who take the data agree on the occurrence of the behavior.

Individuals who take the data agree on the occurrence of the target behavior.

Looking for 85% agreed upon when doing reliability checks.

Inter-observer Reliability

Answer: The extent to which the individuals who observe a target behavior agree on the occurrence of the behavior.

Treatment Fidelity

Answer: The extent to which an intervention plan is implemented as planned and prescribed.

Topography

Answer: The physical form or shape of a behavior.

Function

The purpose or meaning of a behavior.

Operational Definition

Answer: What does the behavior look like, what happens exactly, what does it sound like?

4 Functions of Behavior

SEAT

1. Sensory

2. Escape/Avoidance

3. Attention

4. Tangible

Sensory Function

Answer: One of the four functions of behavior in which an individual tries to gain sensory output.

Individuals behave a certain way because it feels good to them.

Automatic Reinforcement

Answer: (AKA self-stimming) The behavior itself is reinforcing and is not dependent on social interaction or receiving a tangible item.

Escape/Avoidance Function

Answer: A function of behavior to escape or avoid having to do something.

Attention Function

Answer: A function of behavior in which the individual is reinforced by receiving attention from others.

Tangible Function

Answer: A function of behavior in which the individual wants to obtain a tangible item.

The individual wants a preferred item or activity.

Baseline Data

Answer: Data taken before an intervention takes place.

Describes the existing level of performance.

Functional Analysis

Answer: Done by an individual with specific training and under very controlled situations.

The qualified practitioner manipulates situations (antecedents/consequences) and takes data on behavior during those situations to test hypotheses about suspected maintaining variables.

Functional Behavior Assessment

Answer: (AKA FBA) Putting one or more Functional Analysis together.

Can consist of:

– Direct observation

– Interview

– Functional analysis (experimental)

– File Review

In an FBA behavior plans must include replacement skills.

Replacement Skills

Something appropriate that the client can do instead of the inappropriate behavior, that will serve the same purpose.

Should be included in Behavior Plans.

Teach replacement skills and

Develop an appropriate behavior plan

Answer: Name two important reasons for determining function of behavior.

3 Principles of Behavior

1. Reinforcement

2. Punishment

3. Extinction

Reinforcement

Answer: Occurs when stimulus change immediately follows a response and INCREASES the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions.

Punishment

Answer: Occurs when a stimulus change immediately follows a response and decreases the future frequency of that type of behavior.

Extinction

Answer: Removal of reinforcement from a previously reinforced behavior.

Extinction Burst

Answer: Prior to the behavior decreasing you will see a temporary increase in behavior.

Immediate increase in frequency in responding.

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer: After a period of time the behavior may come back temporarily during extinction.

Rewards

Answer: Something that we THINK will might act as a reinforcer.

Rewards are the THING, reinforcement is the ACTION.

(i.e. If giving a child a cooke after they clean their room does not increase the chances of them cleaning their room again in the future then the cookie was just a reward and NOT a reinforcer)

Positive Reinforcement

Answer: Pleasant or favorable event that follows a behavior – it is ADDED to the situation and increases the likelihood or probability that the behavior will occur in the future.

Negative Reinforcement

Answer: REMOVAl of an aversive event that follows a behavior (“relief”) and increases the likelihood that the behavior will continue in the future.

(i.e. cleaning your room and your mom stops nagging; hitting snooze on an alarm and the beeping stops; putting on your seatbelt and the dinging stops)

Secondary Reinforcement

Answer:  (AKA Conditioned Reinforcement) Occurs when neutral stimuli have been paired with unconditioned reinforcers or other conditioned reinforcers repeatedly thus making the neutral stimuli become conditioned reinforcers.

Conditioned Punisher

Answer:  Stimuli or events that function as punishers only after being paired with unconditioned punishers.

Form of positive punishment in which every time an undesired behavior occurs the actor loses a reinforcer.

Unconditioned Punisher

Answer: A stimulus change that can decrease the future frequency of any behavior that precedes it without prior pairing with any other form of punishment.

(i.e. shock, physical pain, loud noises, painful stimulation that can cause tissue damage, light, sound, temperature)

Preference Assessment

Answer:  Aims to identify an individual’s favorite things so that they can be used as rewards or potential “reinforcers” for desired behavior. CSDA

1. Caregiver interview

2. Surveys

3. Direct Observation

4. Assessment Method

Caregiver Interview Preference Assessment

Answer: Involves obtaining information from the individual’s parents, friends and teachers about what the individual likes/prefers.

Surveys/Inventories Preference Assessment

Answer: Surveys obtain information about potential reinforcers and also rank potential reinforcers in order of preference.

Direct Observation Preference Assessment

Answer:  Identify what is motivating the individual.

The more time spent with an item, the stronger the presumed preference.

Assessment Method Preference Assessment

Answer:  Presenting objects and activities systematically to the individual to reveal a hierarchy or ranking of preference.

1. Single item/single stimulus

2. Forced choice

3. Multiple choice

– multiple choice with replacement

– multiple choice without replacement

Single Item Preference Assessment

Answer: Single Item/Single Stimulus

Objects and activities are presented to the individual one by one.

Data are recorded on how long the person engages with each item or activity.

Forced Choice Preference Assessment

Answer:  Simultaneous presentation of two items or activities and individual is asked to choose one.

Most frequently selected item will likely be the most potent reinforcer.

Multiple Stimuli With Replacement

Answer:  Item chosen by the learner remains in the array and all other items that were not selected are replaced with new ones.

Multiple Stimuli Without Replacement

Answer:  Chosen item is removed from the array, the order or replacement of the remaining items is rearranged, and the next trial begins with a reduced number of items in the array.

Premack Principle

Answer: Make access to a high probability behavior contingent on performing a low probability behavior.

The opportunity to engage in more probable behaviors (or activities) will reinforce less probable behavior.

Grandma’s Rule: If you want to go out to play, you have to eat your vegetables first.

Satiation

Answer: Repeatedly presenting a stimulus for the purpose of reducing its attractiveness by reaching a satiation level.

Rule Governed Behavior

Answer:  Behavior either verbal or nonverbal under the control of verbal antecedents.

(i.e. “If I study 2 hours every day, I will get an A on the exam next month”)

Response Blocking

Answer:  The source of reinforcement is blocked. A procedure in which the therapist physically intervenes as soon as the learning begins to emit a problem behavior to prevent the completion of the target behavior.

Random Rotation

Answer:  The random presentation of mastered items, free from pattern (as if flipping a coin repeatedly).

Block Trials

Answer: Repeatedly asking for an item for a designated number of trials, and then moving to another item for the same number of trials.

Mass Trials

Answer: Repeatedly presenting the same SD (discriminative stimulus) and R (response) pair for several trials in a row.

Continuous Reinforcement Schedule

Answer:  Providing reinforcement each time the behavior/response occurs.

Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule

Answer:  Reinforcement is delivered after only SOME of the desired responses occur.

Fixed Ratio Reinforcement Schedule

Answer:  Reinforcement should be delivered after a constant or “fixed” number of responses.

Variable Ratio Reinforcement Schedule

Answer:  Reinforcement is provided after an unpredictable (variable) number of responses.

This schedule is the most resistant to extinction.

Fixed Interval Reinforcement Schedule

Answer:  The first correct response is rewarded only after a specified amount of time has elapsed.

Variable Interval Reinforcement Schedule

Answer:  Where a response is rewarded after an unpredictable (variable) amount of time has elapsed.

Positive Punishment

Answer: Presentation of an unpleasant or aversive stimulus immediately following behavior that results in a decrease of that behavior in the future.

Negative Punishment

Answer:  The termination or removal of a stimulus immediately following behavior that results in a decrease of that behavior in the future.

(i.e. taking away a toy when a child talks back; time out from positive reinforcement for yelling)

Response Cost

Answer:  A type of punishment also known as Negative Reinforcement.

Loss of a specific amount of reinforcement.

Time out from Positive Reinforcement

Answer:  The withdrawal of the opportunity to earn positive reinforcement, or the loss of access to positive reinforcers for a specific amount of time.

A form of Negative Punishment

Contingent Exercise

Answer:  Perform a response that is not topographically related to the problem behavior.

(i.e. touch toes 20 times contingent on biting self)

Overcorrection

Answer: Effortful behavior that is directly or logically related to the problem behavior.

Time-Out

Answer:  Brief removal of all social positive reinforcement.

Positive Behavior Support

Answer: A function-based approach to eliminate challenging behaviors and replace them with socially appropriate behaviors.

– Focus on positive behaviors

– Alter the ecology

– Teach new skills

– Reinforce the absence of behavior

Focused Support Strategies

Answer: Interventions to reduce or eliminate the need for reactive strategies and gain quicker control over behavior.

– High density of reinforcing events

– Non-contingent delivery of reinforcing events

– Eliminate antecedents that cue challenging behavior

Stimulus Control

Answer: Individual behaves in one way in the presence of a given stimulus and another in its absence.

A type of Focused Support Strategy

Stimulus Satiation

Answer: Repeatedly presenting a stimulus for the purpose of reducing its attractiveness by reaching a satiation level.

Token Economies

Answer: Reinforcement systems in which tokens are earned for a variety of behaviors and are used to purchase or exchange for a variety of backup reinforcers such as food, activities, trips, toys.

Differential Reinforcement

Answer: Reinforcing one response class and withholding reinforcement from another response class.

Behavior receiving reinforcement should increase while the behavior for which reinforcement is being withheld should decrease.

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors

Answer: DRO – Providing a reinforcer after a particular time frame without the target behavior.

For example engaging in any other behavior except the target behavior.

(i.e. every 5 minutes without hitting, individual receives a sticker)

Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding

Answer: Entails reinforcing for reductions in the frequency of the undesired behavior.

Often used when individual is engaging in a behavior too frequently.

Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behaviors

Answer: DRA – Focus on increasing a desirable alternative behavior that directly or indirectly interferes with the performance of the undesired target behavior.

(i.e. reinforce knitting or giving a self manicure instead of biting nails; reinforce appropriate language instead of punishing swearing at others)

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behaviors

Answer: DRI – Similar to DRA but you choose and alternative behavior to reinforce that, if performed, would be incompatible with the undesired target behavior.

(i.e. playing nicely vs. fighting; on task behavior vs. off task behavior; in seat vs. out of seat; deep breathing vs. yelling)

Discrete Trial Training

Answer:  DTT – Structured instructional methodology used to teach new behaviors

Designed to maximize a learner’s potential by presenting information in a three-part teaching unit.

Based on Antecedent – Behavior – Consequence format.

A – B – C (Stimulus – Response – Consequence)

Main objective is to teach children how to learn from their natural environment and make learning reinforcing.

Errorless Learning

Answer: Teaching procedures that are designed in such a way that the learning does not have to – and does not – make mistakes as she or he learns new information or procedures.

DTT is Errorless Learning.

Skinnner: “Errors are not necessary for learning to occur.”

Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

Answer:  Used in DTT: Environmental cue or instruction that signals that reinforcement is available for a target behavior.

Response (R)

Answer: Used in DTT: The behavior in which an individual engages. 4 types of response:

1. Correct

2. Incorrect

3. Non-Response

4. Prompted

Reinforcing Stimulus (SR)

Answer:  Used in DTT: The consequence following the individual’s response that changes the future likelihood with which the behavior will recur.

Reinforcement should be given for a correct response.

Should be delivered immediately (0 – 5 seconds is ideal).

Inter-Trial Interval

Answer: The time interval between presentation of the consequence for one trial and the presentation of the SD for the next trial.

Prompt Hierarchy

Answer: The so called “pyramid” of the various levels of prompting.

We need to establish a hierarchy of prompts from the least to most or most to least intrusive for each instructional task.

Transfer of Stimulus Control

Answer: Process by which prompts are removed once the target behavior is occurring in the presence of the SD.

Prompt Fading

Answer: The gradual elimination of a stimulus prompt as the behavior continues to occur in the presence of the SD.

Stimulus Fading

Answer: Exaggerate some physical dimension of the relevant stimulus to help the individual respond correctly.

Prompt is within the stimulus itself.

Can be used for color or size determination.

Discrimination Training

Answer:Procedure to teach between two targets.

Trial training using phases.

(i.e. phases 1 – 6 Mass Trials of target, Block Trials, and Random Rotation)

Shaping

Answer: A process by which one systematically and differentially reinforces successive approximations to a terminal behavior.

Chaining

Answer:A specific sequence of discrete responses, each associated with a particular stimulus condition.

When components are linked together, they form a chain that produces a terminal outcome.

Task Analysis

Answer: Involves breaking a complex skill into smaller, teachable units, the product of which is a series of sequentially ordered steps or tasks.

Forward Chaining

Answer: Training begins the link with the first behavior in the sequence.

Training only occurs on the steps currently mastered and current step (no training on steps after that).

Backward Chaining

Answer: Training begins the link with the last behavior in the sequence.

Trainer performs all but the last step until the learner masters the last step.

Then trainer performs all but the lasts two steps until learner masters the last two steps and so on.

Backward Chaining with Leaps Ahead

Answer: Follow same procedure as backward chaining but not every step in the task analysis is trained.

Natural Environment Training (NET)

Answer:Is loosely structured, and uses or contrives a leaner’s motivation and activities and not an exclusively teacher-selected set of materials, as the basis for the lesson.

Often used to teach child to mand or request.

Verbal Behavior

Answer: Behavior that is reinforced through the mediation of another person’s behavior.

Involves a social interaction between speakers and listeners.

Listener reinforces the speaker.

Mand, Tact, Echoic, Intraverbal, Textual, Transcription

Answer: 6 Elementary Verbal Operants

Mand

Answer:Short for demand, command or reprimand.

A type of verbal operant in which a speaker asks for (or states, demands, implies, etc.) what he needs or wants.

Only type of verbal operant that directly benefits the speaker b/c the mand allows the speaker to receive reinforcers.

Tact

Answer:Short for contact.

A type of verbal operant in which speaker names things and actions that the speaker had direct contact with through any of the sense modes.

Echoic

Answer:A type of verbal operant that occurs when a speaker repeats the verbal behavior of another speaker.

Occurs in response to other verbal behavior.

Listener is “echoing” what they hear.

Intraverbal

Answer:A type of verbal operant in which a speaker differentially responds to the verbal behavior of others.

– Conversation

– Answering questions

– Filling in the blank

Textual

Answer: Reading written words.

(i.e. A child says shoe because the word “shoe” is written)

Transcription

Answer: Writing and spelling words that are spoken.

(i.e. A child writes “shoe” because they hear the word “shoe”)

Generalization

Answer:When the effort of reinforcement is extended beyond the conditions in which the training has taken place or to behaviors other than those included in training.

Stimulus Generalization

Answer:Generalization or transfer of a response to situations other than those in which the training takes place.

It has taken place if a response reinforced in one stimulus setting also increases in other stimulus settings.

Across people: The learner’s ability to respond to people other than those involved in the original teaching

Across environments: The learner’s ability to respond in different locations other than the “table and chair”

(i.e. responds to different SD’s for same behavior like “sit here”, “sit down”, “have a seat”)

Response Generalization

Answer: The changes in behaviors or responses other than those that have been trained or developed.

(i.e. you teach a child to put away toys following the SD “clean up” and the child also begins to throw away garbage and put books on the shelf)

Maintenance

Answer: Refers to maintaining responses over time.

So something leaned at time 1 would also be evident at times 2, 3 and 4.

Implement Generalization and Maintenance Procedures

Answer: Start by slowly fading prompts and using natural reinforcement contingencies; use multiple settings, people and stimuli; train loosely and use random rotation; use variable reinforcement schedules; teach self management and reinforce generally when it happens.

Contingency Contract

Answer: A document that specifies a contingent relationship between:

– The completion of a specific behavior

– Access to a specific reinforcer

Same as a behavioral contract.

Answer: This document should serve to hold both parties accountable (student & teacher).

Token Economy

Answer: A behavior change system with the following components:

– Specific behaviors to reinforce

– Tokens or points for emitting those behaviors

– A back-up reinforcer for cash in of tokens/points

Tokens themselves are not desirable…the back-up should be!

Positive Practice

Answer: A form of Positive Punishment

Contingent on an occurrence of the target behavior the learner is required to repeat a correct form of the behavior, or a behavior incompatible with the problem, a specified number of times.

Planned Ignoring

Answer: Social reinforcers – usually attention, physical contact or verbal interaction – are removed for a brief period.

Validity

Answer:Refers to the extent to which target behaviors are appropriate, intervention procedures are acceptable, and important significant changes in target and collateral behaviors are produced.

Rate

Answer:Used in calculating data. Frequency with the addition of a time component. Also a form of Event Recording.

Registered Behavior Technician

Answer: A paraprofessional who practices under the close, ongoing supervision of a BCBA or a BCaBA.

The RBT is primarily responsible for the direct implementation of skill-acquisition and behavior-reduction plans developed by the supervisor.

The RBT may also collect data and conduct certain types of assessments (i.e. stimulus preference assessments)

The RBT does not design intervention or assessment plans. It is the responsibility of the designated RBT supervisor to determine which tasks an RBT may perform as a function of his or her training, experience, and competence.

Total Task Chaining

Answer: The chaining procedure which teaches each step of the chain during each training session.

Professional and Ethical Compliance Code

Answer:– Maintaining confidentiality

– Maintaining records

– Documentation of professional work and research

– Records and Data

– Behavior analytic assessment

– Conforming with laws and regulations

– Accuracy and use of data

Documentation and Reporting

Answer: Records and data collected by BCBAs and RBTs must be retained for at least _____ years and as otherwise required by law.

Contingency

Answer: Refers to and if_____, then_____ relationship between a behavior and a consequence.

Treatment Plan Modifications

Answer: RBT’s assist BCBAs in making treatment plan modifications based on:

1. Record

2. Visual analysis of graphed data

3. Science

Parent requests are NOT a major factor in determining the current success of a plan or analyzing data to determine next steps.

1. Be honest

2. Follow through with obligations

3. Disclose your experience in specific areas.

Ways to show integrity?

Incidental Teaching

Answer: Involves creating an environment in which students’ interests are easily fostered and nurtured, and one in which students can be most successfully motivated. Also known as Natural 

Environment Training

1. Vary stimulus conditions over time

2. Make conditions as natural as possible over time.

3. Modify reinforcers

3 General Techniques of Generalization

1. Have multiple teachers and styles / vary the stimuli & environment.

2. In the beginning conditions might be artificial, make conditions as natural as possible over time.

3. Use secondary/conditioned reinforcement. Thin the reinforcement schedule for primary reinforcers.

Drawbacks to Punishment

Answer: Mis-used or Over-used: May lead to negative reinforcement of the punisher.

Lack of generalization: May lead to decrease in behavior only in the presence of the punisher.

May increase or escalate the behavior (provoke aggression).

Not always effective in the long term.

Reactive Strategies

Answer: Strategies designed to manage the behavior at the time it occurs (in the moment).

These strategies are managed situationally to provide safety and prevent the escalation of the behaviors.

NOT meant to change behavior over time.

– Facilitative Strategies (help solve the problem)

– Redirect to a competing activity (give an instruction or a “help me” instruction

i.e. crisis intervention strategies

Proactive Strategies

Answer: Strategies designed to produce changes over time.

Strategies designed to provide a better mesh between client’s needs and the environments in which he/she behaves.

– Token economies (Focused Support Strategy)

– Differential reinforcement (Focused Support Strategy)

– Discrete trial training

You are working with an individual in a work placement at a grocery store and taking data on his target behaviors. What do you need to consider regarding data collection to maintain the individual’s right to confidentiality?

a. Do not use the individuals name when documenting notes or data

b. Keep all data sheets and documentation on you at all times and avoid leaving them ion a public area

c. Remove all identifying information from the data sheets, including name, diagnosis, of the name title discloses diagnostic information

d. All of the above

Answer:  d. All of the above

If you are planning to count the number of times that John spits during group meeting, which item is not necessary to help you with the data collection?

a. Ruler

b. Data Sheet

c. Pen/Pencil or clicker

d. Calculator

Answer:  a. ruler

You are working at a school with one of your clients, and you are collecting data on skill acquisition targets and challenging behaviors. Who are you allowed to share the data with?

a. The parents of the other students in the classroom

b. The other students in the classroom

c. Your program supervisor, the parent of the client, anyone the parents have given written consent to share the information with

d. Any of the school staff since the school is paying for your services

Answer: c. Your program supervisor, the parent of the client, anyone the parents have given written  consent to share the information with

You work with a client and his parent’s private health insurance pays for his treatment. The school district has contacted you to ask about the client’s behaviors at home. What do you need to be sure you have before you speak to them?

a. The ability to bill for the time to talk to the district

b. The phone number to call them back

c. The appropriate authorization to talk to the district (i.e. HIPAA Forms) and authorization from your program supervisor

d. Nothing, you can speak to them because they also work with your client.

Answer: c. The appropriate authorization to talk to the district (i.e. HIPAA Forms) and authorization from your program supervisor

The data you have taken to track a client’s dressing skills is being reviewed at the meeting you are having with the BCBA. The BCBA states that this is not the data she is looking for and informs you of how she would like the data taken. You should ____?

a. Talk to the other therapists and tell them that you were reprimanded by the BCBA and they should do it the way you are since it is more effective

b. Do not change how you take the data, since you have always taken data in that way and it is how you were trained

c. Follow the way the BCBA is currently showing you and if you have additional questions ask the BCBA

d. Speak to the other therapists to see how they are taking the data and do as they do.

Answer: c. Follow the way the BCBA is currently showing you and if you have additional questions ask the BCBA

You are instructed to observe a client for 60 minutes, using partial interval recording on nail biting in 5-minute intervals. How would you take this data?

a. Mark it if the nail biting occurred anytime within each 5-minute interval

b. Mark it only if nail biting occurred for the entire 5-minute interval

c. Mark it only if the behavior occurred at the end of each 5-minute interval

d. Mark it only if the behavior did not occur at all during each 5-minute interval

Answer:a. Mark it if the nail biting occurred anytime within each 5-minute interval

Here is the skill acquisition plan for teaching Hannah to pour juice from the pitcher to the cup. 1) gather all materials (juice cup, and napkin) 2) hold your hand over Hannah’s hand and prompt her to put it on the pitcher 3) Therapist holds the cup 4) Help Hannah pour the juice into the cup while the therapist holds the cup 5) Prompt Hannah to wipe up anything that spills with the napkin. What do you need in order to be prepared to teach this lesson

a. Flash cards

b. A pitcher of juice, a cup, a napkin, and a reinforcer

c. A clear spot in the kitchen

d. All of the above

Answer: b. A pitcher of juice, a cup, a napkin, and a reinforcer

Which of the following is an example of permanent product recording?

a. Taking a spelling test by vocally spelling the words

b. Taking a spelling test by giving a thumb up to indicate when a word is spelled correctly

c. Taking a spelling test by typing the words on a worksheet and printing it out

d. Taking a spelling test and having the student spell the words using sign language

Answer: c. Taking a spelling test by typing the words on a worksheet and printing it out

Monica, an RBT, is providing training to the parent of one of her clients. While training, the parent asks Monica if she could help him to introduce a new goal to his child. The parent wants to teach his child to start eating new types of food. This has not been discussed with the BCBA on the case yet. Monica should ____.

a. Agreed to work on this during training because it is important to the parents

b. Not agree to work on the goal since it has not been discussed first with the supervisor of the program, and instead mention the parents request to her supervisor

c. Not agree to work on the goal but provide some referrals get an evaluation from a feeding specialist

d. Agree to work on this during training because it is important for children to have a balanced diet and good nutrition

Answer: b. Not agree to work on the goal since it has not been discussed first with the supervisor of the program, and instead mention the parents request to her supervisor

Your client’s rate self-injurious behavior has increased. The previous rate was 1 time per hour and the rate for your last session was 27 times per hour. You should ____?

a. Contact BCBA immediately and inform her of the behavior change after the session is over

b. Contact the other therapists to see if they are documenting the behavior correctly

c. Wait and see if the behavior decreases over the next several days

d. Tell the parents to cancel sessions for the rest of the week, he is obviously not feeling well and needs a chance to rest.

Answer: a. Contact BCBA immediately and inform her of the behavior change after the session is over

Which behavior is the easiest to measure?

a. Linda’s frustration

b. Linda shouting “NO”.

c. Linda’s irritation with her chores

d. Linda’s Stomach ache

Answer: b. Linda shouting “NO”.

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus control transfer procedure?

a. Pairing the instructions, “Make a sandwich,” with a video model, then fading the video model until the client can make a sandwich when given the instructions only

b. Offering choices of a sandwich or salad for lunch

c. Giving praise for making a sandwich within a 5-minute interval

d. Having the client discriminate between making a sandwich and making popcorn when given the specific instructions

Answer:a. Pairing the instructions, “Make a sandwich,” with a video model, then fading the video model until the client can make a sandwich when given the instructions only

Niko’s spitting is maintained by escape from demands and tasks. An appropriate replacement behavior for Niko’s spitting would be_____

a. Teaching Niko to spit in a cup

b. Teaching Niko to say, “Can we talk?”

c. Teaching Niko to sit nicely

d. Teaching Niko to request for a break

Answer: d. Teaching Niko to request for a break

When preparing for a session, the RBT should______.

a. Review previous notes from other staff working with the client

b. Review the BCBA’s notes since your last session

c. Collect the stimuli needed to complete the skill acquisition plan

d. All of the above

Answer: d. All of the above

Which of the following is likely a conditioned reinforcer?

a. A movie

b. Warmth

c. A drink

d. Food

Answer: a. A movie

Skill repertoire building is when instructors modify antecedents and consequences to ____ learning of new skills. Behavior management is when instructors modify antecedents and consequences to ____ challenging behaviors.

a. Stop; start

b. Increase; decrease

c. Decrease; increase

d. Start; stop

Answer: b. Increase; decrease

Extinction is best described as _____.

a. Removing reinforcement from a learner upon the occurrence of a particular behavior

b. Ignoring the learner for a set period of time following the occurrence of a particular behavior

c. No longer providing reinforcement for a particular behavior when it occurs

d. None of the above

Answer:  c. No longer providing reinforcement for a particular behavior when it occurs

When inputting a data point on a behavioral graph, it is important to ____.

a. Record the date of the observation

b. Connect the data to the previous point on the graph in the same condition with a straight line

c. Record the initials of the staff member/observer

d. All of the above

Answer:  d. All of the above

At first, Joshua was not interested in earning stickers for engaging in appropriate play activities. However, after stickers were paired with the delivery of oher reinforcers such as pretzels and social praise, Joshua is now motivated to earn stickers. In this example, a sticker would be considered to be a/an ________.

a. Conditioned reinforcer

b. Unconditioned reinforcer

c. Conditioned punisher

d. Unconditioned punisher

Answer:  a. Conditioned reinforcer

A BCBA needs to conduct a formal assessment on a client, but suspects the client will have difficulty with motivation and will engage in problem behavior during the process. The BCBA could ____.

a. Have the RBT conduct the assessment

b. Have an RBT attend the assessment to manage these areas

c. Talk with the client beforehand and tell the client not to engage in the problem behavior

d. Talk with the parents of the client and let them know if their child does not behave, the assessment cannot be completed

Answer:  b. Have an RBT attend the assessment to manage these areas

Jessica, an RBT, notices marks on the back and legs of her student. The student tells her that the marks are from the other day when her step-father got mad. What should Jessica do?

a. Ask the other staff working with the child if they have noticed anything or think that the client is being abused

b. Immediately set up a phone call with the mother and step-father to investigate what happened

c. Call the local child protective services agency to report the information as soon as possible

d. Do nothing as the client has been known to exaggerate and make up stories in the past

Answer: c. Call the local child protective services agency to report the information as soon as possible

Which is the most complete definition of behavior?

a. When a person engages in a destructive action

b. Anything a person says or does

c. Any socially inappropriate action a person engages in

d. Any socially appropriate action a person engages in

Answer: b. Anything a person says or does

As an RBT you can assist the BCBA in training other people that are important to the client’s program. Which of the following is NOT an appropriate way to assist the BCBA in training others?

a. Collecting data on caregiver performance

b. Demonstrating skills for other people to learn from

c. Creating new lessons to meeting the training goals

d. Allowing the other professional to observe your sessions

Answer: c. Creating new lessons to meeting the training goals

After school, the parents of one of your students asks how her child behaved at school that day. You are the child’s 1:1 aide in the classroom. Today the child demonstrated high rates of hitting and tantrum behaviors. What are you allowed to tell the parent?

a. Nothing. You are not the teacher and should not discuss anything with the parent

b. Only positive information about the day, so to not upset

c. A mixture of positive feedback, as well, as an accurate summary of the challenge the child encountered that day, since it is important to be honest yet positive and tactful when giving information to parents and caregivers

d. Tell parent about the hitting and tantrum behavior and that you think the child’s behavior intervention plan is not working.

Answer: c. A mixture of positive feedback, as well, as an accurate summary of the challenge the child encountered that day, since it is important to be honest yet positive and tactful when giving information to parents and caregivers

Intermittent reinforcement should occur

a. When moving from primary to secondary reinforcement

b. When teaching new behaviors or behaviors that are on acquisition

c. When maintaining behaviors that are already learned

d. When a learner does not respond well to continuous reinforcement

Answer: c. When maintaining behaviors that are already learned

Robert is implementing a 5-minute DRO (differential reinforcement of other behaviors) produced with his client to reduce his pinching behavior. In order to implement DRO Correctly, after every 5-minuets that his client does not engage in pinching, Robert should___?

a. Give his client a reinforcer

b. Rest the time interval for the next 5-minuets

c. Record that no pinching occurred during the interval onto the data sheet

d. All of the above

Answer: d. All of the above

Which of the following situation(s) would be reportable as instances of suspected abuse or neglect?

a. Causing an intentional physical injury

b. Making terrorizing or threatening statements

c. Withholding nourishment and water as a form of punishment

d. All of the above

Answer: d. All of the above

Data collection is a critical component of behavior analysis because ___?

a. It allows for data based decisions

b. It allows for monitoring progress and identifying skill deficits

c. It helps determine skill mastery

d. All of the above

Answer:d. All of the above

If an instructor is teaching naturalistically, he should___.

a. Speak in a natural voice

b. Only work at a teaching table

c. Always use teaching cards

d. Speak in a louder more authoritative voice

Answer:a. Speak in a natural voice

It is always important to start with function-based behavior intervention plans. Which most accurate describes some of the most commonly found functions of behavior in research?

a. Maladaptive behavior, antecedent behavior, and consequences

b. Anger, frustration, emotional self-control and protesting

c. Social positive reinforcement (attention and access to tangible), social negative reinforcement (escape), and automatic reinforcement.

d. All of the above

Answer:c. Social positive reinforcement (attention and access to tangible), social negative reinforcement (escape), and automatic reinforcement.

Claire’s therapy team taught her to wash her hands. Three months later, Claire can still wash her hands independently with no prompts, and she does so on her own at appropriate times. Claire’s hand washing behavior has been successfully___.

a. Maintained

b. Generalized

c. Prompted

d. Differentially reinforced

Answer:a. Maintained

When preparing to take data on a target behavior, it is important to first identify___.

a. The definition of the behavior

b. The type of data collection procedure

c. What items are needed to take data (i.e. pencil, clicker, stopwatch)

d. All of the above

Answer: d. All of the above

When updating a caregiver, parent or grandparent regarding how the client performed during a session, it is important to _____?

a. Balance out difficult feedback with positive feedback

b. Discuss in length the challenging behaviors of the client during the session so that the parent can adequately discipline the child afterwards

c. Only share positive information; they are dealing with difficult things outside of session and do not need to be further burden

d. Not share with the caregiver how the session was, as you are not the supervisor of the program

Answer: a. Balance out difficult feedback with positive feedback

Jordan is learning to read color words, such as brown, red and purple. His teacher wants to use a stimulus fading procedure to help him learn the targets. Which of the following is an example of a stimulus fading procedure?

a. Writing the word “red” in black ink with a thick red border, which is gradually faded to thinner border and eventually removed

b. Placing a red square underneath the word “red”, and gradually lightening the shade of the red square until it is completely

c. Having pictures of red items drawn next to the word, “red” on an index card and gradually removed from the card one at a time

d. All of the above

Answer:d. All of the above

The repeated presentation of the same discriminative stimulus is called ___.

a. Error correction procedure

b. Discrimination training

c. Mass trial/in isolation

d. Random rotation

Answer: c. Mass trial/ in isolation

All of these are methods for establishing chains of behavior except

a. Backward chaining

b. Total task presentation

c. Semi-task presentation

d. Forward chaining

Answer: c. Semi-task presentation

When working on a new morning routine, Giana engages in high levels of tantrum behavior. As a consequence, each time Giana engages in tantrum behavior you immediately place her in time-out for a brief period and then return back to the morning routine. This goes on for some time. What is a possible reason why time-out may not be reducing the tantrum behavior?

a. Giana does not find the time-out location to be reinforcing

b. The therapist is different throughout the week, but they each follow the behavior plan

c. Giana is getting to escape the routine and is not engaged in a reinforcing activity prior to the time-out procedure

d. All of the above

Answer: c. Giana is getting to escape the routine and is not engaged in a reinforcing activity prior to the time-out procedure

The program supervisor asks the RBT to sign a timesheet. The RBT notices that the timesheet is wrong because she has never worked with that particular learner. She tells the program supervisor that there must have been a mistake. The program supervisor tells the RBT, “That’s okay, you should just sign it anyway, that is the only way we will get paid.” The most ethical choice for the RBT is to ______.

a. Follow the instructions of her supervisor and sign the timesheet because her supervisor told her to

b. Sign the timesheet but do not use her full name

c. Not sign the timesheet

d. Not sign the timesheet and report her program supervisor because this is fraudulent

Answer: d. Not sign the timesheet and report her program supervisor because this is fraudulent

Tito engages in slapping behavior when presented with instructions during learning activities. The behavior has been determined to be maintained by escape from demands. The behavior intervention plan indicates that the therapists will teach Tito to sign the word “break” so that he can get what he needs without slapping. Extinction is to be used as an intervention when slapping occurs. You present the instruction for a learning activity and Tito slaps you. Which best explains how you would implement the intervention?

a. Block the slapping behavior with your hand, provide the instruction “hands down,” and continue the learning activity.

b. Provide Tito with a break since one is clearly needed

c. Reinforce Tito for not engaging in slapping for designated periods of time. When slapping does occur, ignore the behavior

d. Continue presenting the instruction and do not respond to the slapping behavior

Answer:d. Continue presenting the instruction and do not respond to the slapping behavior

When looking at the interaction between a behavior and the environment, which of the following would be considered part of the “environment?”

a. The physical location

b. The presence of loud music playing

c. The presence of a large group of students in the hallway

d. All of the above

Answer:d. All of the above

A stimulus control transfer procedure refers to ______.

a. A procedure where reinforcement is gradually thinned and faded away

b. A procedure where target responses are taught in their natural environment with naturally occurring reinforcement

c. A procedure where one stimulus which controls a certain behavior is paired with another stimulus until the new stimulus gains control over the behavior

d. A procedure where learned responses are generalized across different people and places

Answer: c. A procedure where one stimulus which controls a certain behavior is paired with another stimulus until the new stimulus gains control over the behavior

Prior to beginning your session, you read the general session notes from the previous RBT. The note says: “Alex had a fantastic session, great job big guy! He engaged in self-injurious behavior at a rate of 3/hr. He manded for his videos using full sentence responses, including the person’s name on his ACD. He mastered expressively identifying purple, imitating pointing and completing the puzzle of the truck.” Which part of the note should not be included?

a. He engaged in self-injurious behavior at a rate of 3/hr.

b. He manded for his videos using full sentence responses, including the person’s name on his ACD.

c. Alex had a fantastic session, great job big guy!

d. He mastered expressively identifying purple, imitating pointing and completing the puzzle of the truck.

Answer: c. Alex had a fantastic session, great job big guy!

Pablo is allowed by his teacher to escape a work sheet task due to his tantrum behavior. Pablo’s escape from the task is considered what type of consequence?

a. Socially mediated positive reinforcement

b. Socially mediated negative reinforcement

c. Automatic positive reinforcement

d. Automatic negative reinforcement

Answer: b. Socially mediated negative reinforcement

Select the answer which best describes ways to help protect the learner’s confidentiality.

a. Keep notes discretely when in public, do not discuss your clients with family or friends, and do not leave information regarding the agency you work for or the learner’s diagnosis in a voicemail message

b. Wear your work badge in community settings, use paperwork that lists the learner’s identity on it, discuss individual learners with all parents so they can compare and understand if their child is doing well

c. Discuss your learner’s difficulties with other providers to problem solve their issues, hang pictures of your learners in your office and post on social media the great things your learner does

d. Put your learner’s name in the subject area of an email so that the recipients know it is important, wear a shirt that says “I love people with (client’s diagnosis) when on a community outing with a learner and leave paperwork with client’s names on it in your car rather than bringing it into your house.

Answer: a. Keep notes discretely when in public, do not discuss your clients with family or friends, and do not leave information regarding the agency you work for or the learner’s diagnosis in a voicemail message

You have been asked to assist in a functional assessment procedure regarding Miguel’s hitting behavior. The functional assessment will help to identify ____.

a. What happens right before Miguel hits

b. What happens right after Miguel hits

c. During which activities and times of day does Miguel hit the most often

d. All of the above

Answer: d. All of the above

Typically, _____ reinforcement is used to strengthen a new behavior that is being acquired by a client, and ______ reinforcement is used to maintain a skill once it has been learned.

a. Effective / ineffective

b. Positive / negative

c. Continuous / intermittent

d. Natural / unnatural

Answer: c. Continuous / intermittent

Before you start your session, you ask your client if he wants to work for the opportunity to play a game or if he wants to work for video game time. Asking him what he wants to earn is called ______.

a. A preference assessment

b. Reinforcement

c. Discrimination training

d. Assessment indication

a. A preference assessment

When teaching a lesson that includes a behavior chain, a ____ data sheet may be used to record complete and accurate data.

a. A-B-C data sheet

b. Discrete trial

c. Scatter plot

d. Task analysis

Answer: d. Task analysis

A client has mastered following the instruction, “Hang up your coat,” when asked to do this by the RBT. In order to teach the client to respond to this instruction with the parent, the RBT and the parent pair themselves together while the RBT gives the instruction, and eventually the parent takes over giving the instruction with the RBT present. This is an example of _____.

a. Unconditioned reinforcement

b. Punishment

c. Token economy

d. Stimulus control transfer procedure

Answer: d. Stimulus control transfer procedure

If you are working with a client that is very physically active, moves quickly, and is aggressive towards himself and others, you should prepare for the session by wearing ____.

a. Your name bade and lanyard

b. Baggy clothing

c. Sneakers/ tennis shoes

d. Jewelry

Answer: c. Sneakers/ tennis shoes

Paul engages in eloping (running away) to escape when difficult or non-preferred tasks are given to him. His team has implemented antecedent changes by giving him frequent breaks throughout the day and mixing in easy task with difficult tasks. They have also adjusted the consequences by bringing him back to the area and not allowing him to escape the task by ending it. What else is needed in order for these interventions to be considered a COMPLETE behavior intervention plan?

a. Discrimination training

b. Chaining

c. A replacement behavior to give Paul a more appropriate way to access breaks or escape

d. None of the above

Answer: c. A replacement behavior to give Paul a more appropriate way to access breaks or escape

After your session, the caregivers of your client asks to talk to you. They ask you how much longer your client will need behavioral therapy. You should ____.

a. Tell them you will go home and research the answer to their question

b. Tell them you will have the BCBA contact you to discuss that question

c. Tell them that with your experience, you think two more years of intense therapy and the client will be done

d. Tell them that you think the client is done now and they should discontinue services

Answer:b. Tell them you will have the BCBA contact you to discuss that question

“Visual representations that displays a comparison of one or more sets of data over a period of time,” best define _____.

a. Discrimination

b. Graphs

c. Visual prompting strategies

d. Discriminative stimulus

Answer: b. Graphs

Sergio is an RBT working with several clients in a clinic setting. The families of two of his clients, Henry and Sam, know each other and often spend time together socially. One day Sergio is working in a social skills group at the clinic with both of the clients. Afterward, Henry’s mother approaches Sergio and asks how the session went, for both Henry and Sam. What is Sergio allowed to discuss with Henry’s mother?

a. Sergio can discuss both Henry and Sam since the families are connected socially

b. Sergio can only discuss matters concerning Henry, since it would be a violation of confidentiality to discuss Sam with another parent

c. Sergio should not discuss anything related to either Henry or Sam since he is not the teacher or supervisor

d. None of the above

Answer:b. Sergio can only discuss matters concerning Henry, since it would be a violation of confidentiality to discuss Sam with another parent

A behavior chain is best defined as _____.

a. The systematic reinforcement of successive approximations of a target behavior while no longer providing reinforcement for previous approximations

b. The repeated presentation of one stimulus over consecutive trials

c. Teaching discrimination between two or more stimuli

d. A sequence of discriminative stimuli and responses where each response in the sequence produces the discriminative stimulus for the next response

Answer:d. A sequence of discriminative stimuli and responses where each response in the sequence produces the discriminative stimulus for the next response

When writing general session notes, an RBT should _____.

a. Report objective information

b. Avoid subjective opinions

c. Use professional language

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

The procedure that teaches an individual to distinguish between two or more discriminative stimuli is called ______.

a. Error correction procedure

b. Discrimination training

c. Mass trial

d. Prompt hierarchy

Answer: b. Discrimination training

Justin engages in yelling during break time at his adult work placement. The yelling behavior is maintained by attention from his instructor and peers. After realizing the issue, the instructor starts to give Justin attention every 5 minutes throughout his day in the form of praise, pats on the back, and thumbs up, regardless of Justin’s behavior. Justin’s rate of yelling begins to decrease. This is an example of what antecedent intervention?

a. Non-contingent reinforcement (NCR)

b. Demand fading

c. Functional communication training

d. Behavior momentum

Answer:a. Non-contingent reinforcement (NCR)

Continuous reinforcement should be used for ____.

a. Items that have been mastered and are being generalized to the natural environment

b. Items that are mastered and are being maintained

c. Teaching new behaviors that are on acquisition

d. Items on acquisition and that are mastered

Answer:c. Teaching new behaviors that are on acquisition

Dual relationships between an RBT and a client include which of the following situations?

a. Babysitting or provided respite care for a client that you work with

b. Attending a social gathering at the invitation of a client or his mother

c. Providing treatment services to the son or daughter of a friend

d. All of the above

Answer: d. All of the above

If you were teaching a child to receptively identify colors and you were maximizing discrimination between the colors, in which order would you NOT teach the colors?

a. Red, blue, yellow, white

b. Blue, black, brown, purple

c. Purple, red, white, brown

d. Blue, red, white, green

Answer:b. Blue, black, brown, purple

Which of the following is a true statement regarding an RBT having a dual relationship with a client?

a. Dual relationships with clients are acceptable and result in good working relationships between professionals and clients

b. Dual relationships should be avoided at all times as they can impair the clinical judgement of the professionals to do what is right for the client

c. Dual relationships are impossible to avoid and typically do not have a detrimental effect on the client’s treatment

d. Only romantic or sexual relationships are considered dual relationships

Answer:b. Dual relationships should be avoided at all times as they can impair the clinical judgement of the professionals to do what is right for the client

A motivating operation (MO) is _____.

a. The outcome that immediately follows the learner’s response

b. An antecedent condition that momentarily affects the value of an item and affects the likelihood that behaviors which have produced that item in the past will occur

c. The procedure of providing consequences for a behavior that increases or maintains the strength of that behavior

d. The time between the end of one trial and the start of the next

Answer:b. An antecedent condition that momentarily affects the value of an item and affects the likelihood that behaviors which have produced that item in the past will occur

The skill acquisition plan for the lesson teaching toileting says that each of the staff should be sure to have a digital timer ready in the bathroom. The skill acquisition plan also mentions that Bob prefers wet wipes over actual toilet paper when having a bowel movement. What should you be prepared for when the toilet training lesson arises in your session with Bob?

a. Bob will likely not want to go to your bathroom

b. Make sure that no other family member is in the bathroom

c. Be prepared with wet wipes

d. Make sure you have a digital timer as well as wet wipes so you are prepared for this program

Answer:d. Make sure you have a digital timer as well as wet wipes so you are prepared for this program

A parent discloses to Stephanie, and RBT, that she wants to start giving her child sensory breaks when he tantrums, as recommended by another professional. She wants to do this in place of the current intervention that has been recommended by the BCBA supervisor. How should Stephanie respond?

a. Discuss the research with the parent and tell her that sensory approaches do not work

b. Tell the parent that she should discuss this with the BCBA supervisor, and communicate this with her supervisor after her session

c. Agree to the parent’s request and start implementing sensory breaks instead of the existing intervention, since it is what the parents want

d. Contact the other professional and discuss the new approach directly with him

Answer: b. Tell the parent that she should discuss this with the BCBA supervisor, and communicate this with her supervisor after her session

A therapist is using duration recording to track how long Julio can stay in his seat during a 10 minute group lesson. Julio stayed in his seat for 7 minutes of the 10-minute activity. What does the therapist enter in the session notes to record the accurate duration?

a. 0.7

b. 7 minutes

c. 3 minutes

d. 0.3

Answer:b. 7 minutes

Duties that an RBT can perform during a formal assessment include ____.

a. Engaging with the client during breaks

b. Assisting with reinforcement and preference assessments

c. Redirecting challenging behaviors with the consent of the assessor

d. All of the above

Answer:d. All of the above

You are working with Rico and you are using a video game as a reinforcer. He stops responding and begins to push away the controller for the game. What should you do?

a. Take away a token

b. Conduct a preference assessment

c. Ignore his behavior and continue demands

d. Prompt him through the task

Answer:b. Conduct a preference assessment

When using whole interval data recording, it is important to know _____.

a. The definition of the target behavior

b. The duration of the intervals

c. How many intervals you will need to track and record the data

d. All of the above

Answer:d. All of the above

The essential components of a written behavior reduction plan include:

a. An operational definition of the behavior

b. Identified function of the behavior

c. Antecedent modifications, replacement behaviors, and consequence manipulations

d. All of the above

Answer: d. All of the above

When working with a client, it is important to maintain the client’s dignity. Which is an example of maintaining a client’s dignity?

a. Allowing the client to choose which leisure time activity he would like to do

b. Choose all of your client’s activities for the day, to make it easier on him

c. Leave the bathroom door open when conducting toilet training so that you have more room

d. Talk about your client’s problem behaviors in front of him to other staff

Answer:a. Allowing the client to choose which leisure time activity he would like to do

The instructor is following the learner’s lead in the treatment session, including choosing learning activities based on what the learner is interested in and using items that are naturally reinforcing to the learner. This might best be categorized as _____.

a. Natural environment training

b. Discrete trial teaching

c. Child development training

d. Natural discrete training

Answer:a. Natural environment training

Judah spent 3 minutes chewing, 1.5 minutes commenting, and 1 minute staring out the window during the snack break. What was the duration of time he spent commenting?

a. 3 minutes

b. 4.5 minutes

c. 1.5 minutes

d. 5.5 minutes

Answer:c. 1.5 minutes

You suspect your learner is being abused. It is Friday night and no one from your office will be working with the learner over the weekend. You have tried to call your supervisor and she is not answering her phone. You should ______.

a. Try to explain your concern to the learner’s family

b. Leave a message for your supervisor and discuss it with him when he calls you back

c. Call your local child protective services hotline and report your concern

d. Take the learner home with you to protect him

Answer:c. Call your local child protective services hotline and report your concern

Suset, a teenage client, has started her monthly female cycle. The staff have to assist with all personal care issues in this group home. In order to preserve her dignity the RBT should ____.

a. Write, “buy feminine products for Suset” on the kitchen wipe board to remind the other staff to get supplies for Suset

b. In the group meeting with the other teens make sure to ask Suset, “Hey, do you need any feminine products?”

c. Approach Suset when she is by herself and ask her if she needs any supplies this week for hygiene

d. Don’t talk to Suset about this because it is private

Answer:c. Approach Suset when she is by herself and ask her if she needs any supplies this week for hygiene