Mastering Biology Chapter 10 Answers

What name is given to this process?

ANSWER : Asexual reproduction

Human gametes are produced by _____.

ANSWER : meiosis

Normal human gametes carry _____ chromosomes

ANSWER : 23

Which of these cells is (are) haploid.

ANSWER :

C and D

A diploid organism whose somatic (nonsex) cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing _____ chromosomes.

ANSWER : 16

Meiosis I produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.

ANSWER : two…..haploid

Meiosis II typically produces _____ cells, each of which is _____.

ANSWER : four….haploid

During _____ sister chromatids separate.

ANSWER : anaphase II

At the end of _____ and cytokinesis, haploid cells contain chromosomes that each consist of two sister chromatids.

ANSWER : telophase I

Synapsis occurs during _____.

ANSWER : prophase I

Homologous chromosomes migrate to opposite poles during _____.

ANSWER : anaphase I

During _____ chromosomes align single file along the equator of a haploid cell.

ANSWER: metaphase II

At the end of _____ and cytokinesis there are four haploid cells.

ANSWER:telophase II

During _____ a spindle forms in a haploid cell.

ANSWER: prophase II

Which processes lead to most genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

ANSWER:

B AND C

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure. Which of the life cycles is (are) typical for animals?

ANSWER:

I ONLY

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure. Which of the life cycles is (are) typical for plants and some algae?

ANSWER:

II ONLY

Refer to the life cycles illustrated in the figure. Which of the life cycles is (are) typical for most fungi and some protists?

ANSWER:

II ONLY

In part III of the figure, the progression of events corresponds to which of the following series?

ANSWER:

sporophyte, meiosis, spore, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, gametes, fertilization

In a life cycle such as that shown in part III of the figure, if the zygote’s chromosome number is 10, which of the following will be true?

ANSWER:

The sporophyte’s chromosome number per cell is 10 and the gametophyte’s is 5.

Refer to the drawings in the figure of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis. Which diagram(s) represent(s) anaphase II of meiosis?

ANSWER: V only

Refer to the drawings in the figure of a single pair of homologous chromosomes as they might appear during various stages of either mitosis or meiosis. Which diagram represents anaphase I of meiosis?

ANSWER:

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in the figure. Which sample(s) of DNA might be from a skin cell arrested in G0 of the cell cycle?

ANSWER:

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in the figure. Which sample(s) might represent an animal cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

ANSWER:

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in the figure.

Which sample(s) might represent a zygote?

ANSWER:

A certain female’s number 12 chromosomes both have the blue gene and number 19 chromosomes both have the long gene. As cells in her ovaries undergo meiosis, her resulting eggs (ova) may have which of the following?

ANSWER:

one chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one long gene

A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in the figure. If a female of this species has one chromosome 12 with a blue gene and another chromosome 12 with an orange gene, and has both number 19 chromosomes with short genes, she will produce which of the following egg types?

ANSWER:

one-half blue short and one-half orange short gene eggs

A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in the figure. A female with a paternal set of one orange and one long gene chromosome and a maternal set composed of one blue and one short gene chromosome is expected to produce which of the following types of eggs after meiosis?

ANSWER:

Each egg has a one-fourth chance of having blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short combinations.

There is a group of invertebrate animals called rotifers, among which a particular group of species reproduces, as far as is known, only asexually. These rotifers, however, have survived a long evolutionary history without evidence of having been overcome by excessive mutations. Because the rotifers develop from eggs, but asexually, what can you predict?

ANSWER:

NO MALES CAN BE FOUND

There is a group of invertebrate animals called rotifers, among which a particular group of species reproduces, as far as is known, only asexually. These rotifers, however, have survived a long evolutionary history without evidence of having been overcome by excessive mutations. How is natural selection related to sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction?

ANSWER: Sexual reproduction results in many new gene combinations, some of which will lead to differential reproduction.