Psychology Chapter 11 Test Answers

The self-realization process

Answer: in Carl Jung’s view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ________ in the second half of life.

Albert Bandura

Answer: Which of the following theorists is not neo-Freudian

they can be scientifically tested

Answer: What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality

the phrase “black bile from the kidneys” should be changed to the phrase “white phlegm from the lungs”

Answer: What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Hippocrates theorized phlegmatic, the personality trait, was associated with black bile from the kidneys.

extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

Answer: Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ____________

both theories focus on the personality formed in infancy

Answer: Which of the following is not something the theories of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow have in common

ectomorph

Answer: the ________ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private

yellow bile from the liver

Answer: In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament

Five Factor Model

Answer: the traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________.

William H. Sheldon

Answer: Who designed the first comprehensive system of constitutional psychology?

Albert Bandura

Answer: who developed social-cognitive theory

id

Answer: Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive

would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later

Answer: Which question was central to the marshmallow test?

the word “socialization” should be changed to the word “sexuality”

Answer: What should be changed to make the following sentence true? According to 

Sigmund Freud, unconscious drives influenced by sex and aggression and childhood socialization are the forces that influence our personality.

anal

Answer: if parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts

choleric

Answer: According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

Answer: in Albert Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.

become neurotic strategies

Answer: Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ________ if used rigidly and compulsively.

giving them unconditional love

Answer: How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?

climate of sexual repression

Answer: Which of the following clearly influenced Sigmund Freud’s theory of development?

How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?

a. forcing them to be independent b. giving them unconditional love c. not allowing them to use their defense mechanisms d. pointing out their mistakes

Answer: b. giving them unconditional love

Which of the following is not something the theories of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow have in common? 

a. Both theories are humanistic. b. Both theories focus on individual choices. c. Both theories focus on the personality formed in infancy. d. Both theories reject biological determinism.

Answer: c. Both theories focus on the personality formed in infancy

In Albert Bandura’s social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________. a. actions that are not internally motivated b. anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded c. reactions that are externally motivated d. specific actions that result in reactions

Answer: b. anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

Which of the following theorists is not neo-Freudian? 

Correct! a. Albert Bandura b. Carl Jung c. Erik Erikson d. Karen Horney

Answer: a. Albert Bandura

Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________. a. extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability b. extroversion/stability; introversion/neuroticism c. phlegmatic/choleric; sanguine/melancholic d. phlegmatic/melancholic; choleric/sanguine

Answer: a. extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality? 

a. Hippocrates b. Immanuel Kant c. Sigmund Freud d. Wilhelm Wundt

Answer: c. Sigmund Freud

During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports?

 a. anal b. genital c. latency d. phallic

Answer: c. latency

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? 

Research suggests that there are two dimensions of our temperament that are important parts of our adult personality: interactivity and self-regulation.

 a. The word “interactivity” should be changed to the word “reactivity.” b. The word “personality” should be changed to the word “self.” c. The word “self-regulation” should be changed to the word “reactivity.” d. The word “temperament” should be changed to the word “character.”

Answer: a. The word “interactivity” should be changed to the word “reactivity.”

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, “my smother” instead of “my mother.” What does this exemplify?

 a. archetype b. collective unconscious c. Freudian slip d. repressed memory

Answer: c. Freudian slip

Immanuel Kant used the terms persistent, steadfast, and calm to describe a ________ person. 

a. choleric b. melancholic c. phlegmatic d. sanguine

Answer: c. phlegmatic

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar. 

a. congruence b. egotism c. incongruence d. self-concept

Answer: a. congruence

Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth? 

a. Abraham Maslow b. Carl Jung c. Karen Horney d. Sigmund Freud

Answer: c. Karen Horney

The concept of ________ suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs.

 a. discrimination emigration b. elective immigration c. personality location d. selective migration

Answer: d. selective migration

The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual’s clinical profile. 

a. Contemporized-Themes Concerning Blacks Test (C-TCB) b. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) c. Rorschach Inkblot Test d. TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

Answer: b. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

If parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts. 

a. anal b. genital c. oral d. phallic

Answer: a. anal

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn’t pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.

 a. healthy cognitive processes b. high self-efficacy c. low self-efficacy d. moderate reciprocal determinism

Answer: b. high self-efficacy

Max’s behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?

 a. Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview. b. Max has an Oedipus complex. c. Max is an archetype. d. Max is an introvert.

Answer: a. Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview.

Who developed social-cognitive theory?

 a. Abraham Maslow b. Albert Bandura c. Carl Rogers d. Erik Erikson

Answer: b. Albert Bandura

According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?

a. ability of the extrovert to become an introvert in the second half of life b. ability of the introvert to become an extrovert in the second half of life c. balance between extroversion and introversion d. moving past the archetypes of the collective unconscious

Answer: c. balance between extroversion and introversion

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians? 

a. Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex. b. Neo-Freudians theorized about personality while Sigmund Freud did not. c. Sigmund Freud did not emphasize childhood sexuality while the neo-Freudians did. d. Sigmund Freud was a feminist while the neo-Freudians were not.

Answer: a. Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex